Lexical Definition

‎שֵׁם‎ shêm (shame) name ^H:N-M
a primitive word (perhaps rather from through the idea of definite and conspicuous position; compare ‎שָׁמַיִם‎)

[phrase] base, (in-) fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report.

• an appellation, as amark or memorial of individuality
• by implication honor, authority, character

1) name
1a) name
1b) reputation, fame, glory
1c) the Name (as designation of God)
1d) memorial, monument

See Greek: θρόνος · καλέω · καλός · καύχημα · ὄνομα · ὄνομα · Σήμ

Brown-Driver-Briggs

Aramaic form: שֻׁם
I. ‎שֵׁם‎₈₆₄ noun masculine^{2Sam 7:9} name (√ unknown; Thes ‎שׁמה‎, compare Ba^{ZMG xli (1887), 635}; Lag^{BN 160} ‎ושׁם‎, Arabic brand, mark, compare RS^{K 213, 303 ff.} Kö^{ii. 1. 104}; Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew (especially ‎הַשֵּׁם‎ = ‎יהוה‎); Phoenician ‎שם‎ Lzb³⁷⁷; Assyrian šumu; Sabean ‎סם‎ Hom^{Chr 124}; Ethiopic Arabic , , , ; Aramaic ‎שֵׁם‎, ‎שְׁמָא‎, also ‎שׁוּם‎, ‎שֻׁם‎ (Kö^{ii. 1. 512}), , , Old Aramaic, Palmyrene ‎שם‎ Lzb³⁷⁷); — absolute ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Gen 6:4 +; construct ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Gen 12:8 +, rarely ‎שֶׁםֿ‎ 1Sam 8:2 +; suffix ‎שְׁמִי‎ Exod 3:15 +, ‎שִׁמְךָ‎ Gen 32:9* +, ‎שְׁמֶ֑ךָ‎ 1Kgs 18:31 +, etc.; plural ‎שֵׁמוֺת‎ (rarely ‎שֵׁמֹת‎) Gen 2:20 +; construct ‎שְׁמוֺת‎ Exod 6:16 +, suffix ‎שְׁמוֺתָם‎ Num 13:4 +, ‎שְׁמוֺתָן‎ Ezek 23:4 (twice in verse); — name:

1. of river Gen 2:11; Gen 2:13; Gen 2:14, beasts vGen 2:19 vGen 2:20, city Gen 26:33 (all J) +; ‎היּוֺם‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Ezek 24:2, i.e. exact designation of it (+ ‎הַזֶּה‎ ‎׳‎‎אֶתעֶֿצֶם הַיּ‎).

2. a. usually of person: Gen 4:17; Gen 4:19 (twice in verse) (J) +; as significant 1Sam 25:25, compare Prov 21:24 especially in phrase ‎וַיְהִי אִישׁ ֗֗֗ וּשְׁמוֺ אֶלְקָנָה‎ 1Sam 1:1, compare 1Sam 9:1; 1Sam 9:2, Jer 37:13 + 28 t.; less often as ‎גָּלְיָת שְׁמוֺ‎ 1Sam 17:4, compare Zech 6:12 + 5 t. (compare in Assyrian Krae^{BAS i. 430}); frequently with ‎קָרָא‎ (q. v. 6, and Niph`al 2, Pu`al; note here, ‎עַל‎ ‎׳‎‎נִקְרָא שׁ‎ in token of ownership 2Sam 12:28 (see Dr), Isa 4:1); rarely, ‎שִׂים אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ‎ Judg 8:31, compare 2Kgs 17:34; Neh 9:7 ‎׳‎‎וַיָּ֫שֶׂם לָהֶם שׁ‎ Dan 1:7 with ‎יֵאָמֵר‎ Gen 32:29* (J); change of name is without verb, as Gen 17:15 (P), or (usually) with ‎יִהְיֶה‎ Gen 35:10 (P) Israel shall be thy name. compare Gen 17:5; 1Kgs 18:31; 1Chr 22:9, also ‎׳‎‎וַיַסֵּב אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ יְהו‎ 2Kgs 23:34 = 2Chr 36:4, compare 2Kgs 24:17, and (suj. ‎׳‎‎י‎) ‎עוֺלָם אֶתֶּןלֿוֺ‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Isa 56:5 ‎מַהשְּֿׁמֶ֑ךָ‎ Gen 32:28*, compare Exod 3:13; Prov 30:4, ‎מִית שְׁמֶ֑ךָ‎ Judg 13:17 be explicitly mentioned is: ‎וְכֻלָּם בְּשֵׁמוֺת‎ Ezra 10:16, ‎׳‎‎נִקְּבוּ בְשׁ‎ Num 1:17; 1Chr 16:41; 2Chr 28:15; 2Chr 31:10; Ezra 8:20, ‎׳‎‎הַבָּאִים בְּשׁ‎ 1Chr 4:38, ‎׳‎‎וַיָבזֹם בְּשׁ‎ v1Chr 4:41 of things, ‎וּבְשֵׁמוֺת תִּקְדוּ‎ Num 4:32 (P), + vNum 4:27 (read ‎בְּשֵׁמֹת‎ ᵐ5 Di Baen Gray); ‎יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם‎ Exod 33:12 (subject ‎׳‎‎י‎), i.e. acknowledge thee, personally (as mine), compare vExod 33:17 (both J); ‎׳‎‎פ‎ ‎׳‎‎בְּשׁ‎ as the representative of 1Sam 25:5; 1Sam 25:9; 1Kgs 21:8; Jer 29:25; Esth 2:22; Esth 3:12; Esth 8:8 (twice in verse); Esth 8:10 (compare also 3).
b. = reputation; (1) ‎וַאֲגַדְּלָה שְׁמֶ֫ךָ‎ Gen 12:2 (J), ‎גָּדוֺל כְּשֵׁם הַגְּדֹלִים אֲשֶׁר‎ ‎׳‎‎וְעָשִׂתִי לִךָ שׁ‎ ‎בָּאָרֶץ‎ 2Sam 7:9 make oneself a name ‎׳‎‎וְנַעֲשֶׂח לָנוּ שׁ‎ Gen 11:4 (J), ‎׳‎‎וַיַּעַשׂ לוֺ שׁ‎ 2Sam 8:13, of ‎׳‎‎י‎ Jer 32:20, hence Neh 9:10; Dan 9:15; Isa 63:12; Isa 63:14, so with ‎שׂוּם‎ 2Sam 7:23 = 1Chr 17:21 ‎׳‎‎וַיֵּצֵא לָךְ שֵׁם בְּ‎ Ezek 16:14 (compare 1Chr 14:17), 2Chr 26:15 ‎עַדלְֿמֵרָחוֺק‎, v2Chr 26:8 ‎׳‎‎וַיֵּלֶךְ שְׁמוֺ עַדלְֿ‎; 2Sam 23:18; 2Sam 23:22 = fame, glory, Zeph 3:19; Zeph 3:20; Ezek 39:13. — Ezek 34:29 read perhaps ‎שָׁלֹם‎ ᵐ5 Siegf Be Toy; Co ‎שָׁלֵם‎; Krae conjecture ‎שָׁמֵן‎; ‎אַנְשֵׁי הַשֵּׁם‎ Gen 6:4 (J), Num 16:2 (J), ‎אַנְשֵׁי‎ ‎שֵׁמוֺת‎ 1Chr 5:24; 1Chr 12:31* (van d. H. v.1Chr 12:30*); with negative ‎בְּנֵי‎ ‎בְלִישֵֿׁ‰‎ Job 30:3 (2) bad sense, ‎וְהוֺצִא עָלָיהָ שֵׁם רָ֑ע‎ Dan 22:14 compare Dan 22:19; Neh 6:13 = byword Ezek 23:10 ‎טְמֵאַת‎ ‎׳‎‎הַשּׁ‎ Ezek 22:5.
c. especially as giving a man kind of posthumous life, especially in his sons, ‎אֵיןלִֿי בֵן בֵּעֲבוּר‎ ‎הַזְכֵּיר שְׁמִי‎ 2Sam 18:18, ‎׳‎‎לְהָקִים לְאָחִיו שֵׁם בְּ‎ Deut 25:7, compare vDeut 25:6; Ruth 4:5; Ruth 4:10, without whom it is blotted out, etc., Deut 25:6, compare Num 27:4 (P), Ruth 4:10, so that to destroy one's name = extirpate family (and ‎שֵׁם‎ sometimes Is || ‎צֶרַע‎) 1Sam 24:22* (Gi v.1Sam 24:21*), 2Sam 14:7 (|| ‎שְׁאֵרִית‎), so of peoples Deut 7:24; Deut 9:14; Deut 12:3; Isa 14:22 +; ‎לאֹ יִוָּרַע מִשִּׁמְךָ עוֺד‎ Nah 1:14 (of Nineveh); ‎כֵּן יַעֲמֹד זַרְעֲכֶם וְשִׁמְכֶם‎ Isa 66:22 more abstract (|| ‎זֵכֶר‎) Job 18:17; Prov 10:7.

3. name, as designation of God, specifically of ‎׳‎‎י‎ (especially Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Isa^2,3, Psalms): — first (in Hexateuch) in phrase ‎׳‎‎י‎ ‎׳‎‎בְּשׁ‎ ‎׳‎‎ק‎ Gen 4:26 (J), call with, i.e. use the name ‎׳‎‎י‎ in worship, so Gen 12:8; Gen 13:4; Gen 21:33; Gen 26:35 + (see ‎קרא‎ 2 c); hence, of place of worship, ‎בְּכָלהַֿמָּקוֺם אֲשֶׁר אַוְּכִּיר מאתשְֿׁמִי‎ ‎שָׁם‎ Exod 20:24 (Gi vExod 20:21); ‎אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ שָׁם‎ [‎לְשַׁכֵּן‎] ‎לָשׂוּם‎ Deut 12:5; Deut 12:11 +; ‎בָּנָה בַּיִת לִשְׁמִי‎ 2Sam 7:13 + often; people come ‎׳‎‎י‎ ‎׳‎‎לְשׁ‎ Josh 9:9 (R^D), so ‎׳‎‎לְמֵעַן שׁ‎ 1Kgs 8:41 = 2Chr 6:32; Isa 60:9 seek it Ps 83:17* swear with ‎׳‎‎י‎ ‎׳‎‎בְּשׁ‎ 1Sam 20:42; Deut 6:13; Deut 10:20; Lev 19:12, compare (‎לַשָּׁוְא‎) Exod 20:7 (twice in verse)=Deut 5:11 (twice in verse); ‎׳‎‎י‎ ‎׳‎‎תָּפַשׁ‎ Prov 30:9 ‎נִקְרָא שְׁמִיעַלֿ‎, etc., in token of ownership (compare 2 a), Jer 7:10 + ; = his reputation, fame, with ‎עָשָׁה לוֺ‎, see 1 b (1), compare Josh 7:9 ‎׳‎‎י‎ ‎׳‎‎בְּשׁ‎, i.e. as his representative Exod 5:23 (J), 1Sam 17:45; Deut 10:8; 2Sam 6:18; 2Kgs 2:24 + (see 2 a near the end); especially as embodying the (revealed) character of ‎׳‎‎י‎: ‎שְׁמוֺ‎ ‎׳‎‎י‎ Amos 5:8; Amos 9:6; Jer 33:2, ‎וֶה שְּׁמִי לְעֹלָם‎ Exod 3:15 (E; || ‎זֵכֶר‎; fundamental passage), Exod 6:3 (P); ‎) עְבָאוֺת שְׁמוֺ‎‎׳‎‎(א‎ ‎׳‎‎י‎ Amos 4:13; Amos 5:27; Jer 10:16; Jer 46:18 + 10 t. Jeremiah, Isa², ‎קַנָּא שְׁמוֺ‎ ‎׳‎‎י‎ Exod 34:14 (J; compare Exod 20:5; Nah 1:2), ‎׳‎‎קָדוֺשׁ שׁ‎ Isa 57:15, ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ [‎וֺ‎] ‎קָדְשִׁי‎ Amos 2:7; Ezek 39:7; Ezek 43:7; Ps 103:1 + often; hence object of knowledge Isa 52:6; Jer 48:17, ‎יֹדְעֵי שְׁמֶ֑ךָ‎ Ps 9:11* (|| ‎דֹּרְשֶׁיךָ‎), love Isa 56:5, ‎׳‎‎אֹהֲבֵי שׁ‎ Ps 5:12*; Ps 69:37*; Ps 119:132, fear Ps 61:6*, especially of praise, etc. (‎חִלֵּל‎, ‎הִןכִּיר‎, ‎הוֺדָה‎, ‎בֵּרַח‎, etc.): ‎לְשִׁמְךָ אֲוַמֵּר‎ 2Sam 22:50 (|| ‎אוֺדְךָ‎ and so very often || ‎׳‎‎י‎) = Ps 18:50*, compare 1Chr 16:10; 1Chr 29:13; Ps 45:18*; Isa 26:13; 1Kgs 8:33; 1Kgs 8:35 = 2Chr 6:24; 2Chr 6:26; Ps 8:2*; Ps 8:10* +; ‎כְּבוֺד שְׁמוֺ‎ ‎׳‎‎חָבוּלי‎ Ps 29:2; Ps 96:8, and many comibinations; opposed to ‎׳‎‎א‎ ‎׳‎‎חִלֵּל אֶתשֿׁ‎ Lev 18:21 +, ‎׳‎‎י‎ ‎׳‎‎נקב שׁ‎ Lev 24:16, ‎׳‎‎נִאֵץ שׁ‎ Ps 74:10; Ps 74:18, etc.; ‎הַנִּכְבָּד וְהַנּוֺרָא‎ ‎׳‎‎הַשּׁ‎ Deut 28:58, compare Neh 1:11 ‎לְמַעַן שִׁמְךָ‎, in appeals to ‎׳‎‎י‎ to act according to his character Jer 14:7; Jer 14:21; Ezek 20:9; Ezek 20:14; Isa 48:9; Isa 66:5; Ps 25:11; Ps 31:4* +; ‎׳‎‎י‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ is powerful agent, ‎בְּשִׁמְךָ הוֺשִׁיעֵנִי‎ Ps 54:3* (|| ‎בִּגְבוּרָֽתְךָ‎), compare Ps 124:8 of ‎׳‎‎מַלְאַךָ י‎, ‎׳‎‎י‎ says ‎שְׁמִי‎ ‎בְּקִרְבּוֺ‎ Exod 23:21 (E); ‎הַשֵּׁם‎ Lev 24:11 is probably scribal substitution for word ‎׳‎‎י‎ (already beginning to be thought ineffable, especially with ‎וַיִקֹּב‎ compare Gei^{Urschr.273 f.} Di Dr-Wh Baen); on development of this usage, and Jewish use of ‎׳‎‎הַשּׁ‎ as personified or hypostasis, see Levy^{NHWB under the word} Jastr^s.see — ‎קָרוֺב שְׁמֶ֑ךָ‎ Ps 75:2* is striking, but doubtful, < ᵐ5 Dy Che Gr Hup-Now ‎׳‎‎קֹרְאֵי שׁ‎, Du ‎׳‎‎קָרָנוּ בִשׁ‎ (= ‎קָרָאנוּ‎).

4. of false gods, use forbidden Exod 23:13 (E), Josh 23:7 (R^D), compare Hos 2:19*; Ps 16:4speak ‎בְּשֵׁם אלהים אחרים‎ Deut 18:20 ‎׳‎‎א‎ ‎׳‎‎קָרָא בְשׁ‎ 1Kgs 18:24; 1Kgs 18:25; 1Kgs 18:26 ‎׳‎‎א‎ ‎׳‎‎יֵלְכוּ בְשׁ‎ Mic 4:5.

5. = memorial, monument Isa 55:13 (|| ‎אוֺת‎; so Che Du > = fame Di-Kit), ‎יָד וָשֵׁם‎ ‎׳‎‎טוֺב מִבָּנִים וגו‎ Isa 56:5 (with word-play on ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ 1 c).

Brown-Driver-Briggs References