Lexical Definition

‎עָמַד‎ ʻâmad (aw-mad') to stand: stand ^H:V
a primitive root

abide (behind), appoint, arise, cease, confirm, continue, dwell, be employed, endure, establish, leave, make, ordain, be (over), place, (be) present (self), raise up, remain, repair, [phrase] serve, set (forth, over, -tle, up), (make to, make to be at a, with-) stand (by, fast, firm, still, up), (be at a) stay (up), tarry.

• to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)

1) to stand, remain, endure, take one's stand
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to stand, take one's stand, be in a standing attitude, stand forth, take a stand, present oneself, attend upon, be or become servant of
1a2) to stand still, stop (moving or doing), cease
1a3) to tarry, delay, remain, continue, abide, endure, persist, be steadfast
1a4) to make a stand, hold one's ground
1a5) to stand upright, remain standing, stand up, rise, be erect, be upright
1a6) to arise, appear, come on the scene, stand forth, appear, rise up or against
1a7) to stand with, take one's stand, be appointed, grow flat, grow insipid
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to station, set
1b2) to cause to stand firm, maintain
1b3) to cause to stand up, cause to set up, erect
1b4) to present (one) before (king)
1b5) to appoint, ordain, establish
1c) (Hophal) to be presented, be caused to stand, be stood before

See Greek: ἄγω · ἀναβαίνω · ἀνθίστημι · ἀνίστημι · ἀφίστημι · βοηθέω · γίνομαι · γρηγορεύω · διαβαίνω · διαμένω · διατηρέω · δίδωμι · διέρχομαι · ἐξανίστημι · ἐξίστημι · ἐπανίσταμαι · ἐπιβαίνω · ἐφίστημι · ἔχω · ἥκω · ἵστημι · καθίστημι · κτίζω · μένω · παραμένω · παραπορεύομαι · παρέρχομαι · παρέχω · παρίστημι · πιστόω · ποιέω · στάσις · συνάγω · συνιστάω · τάσσω · ὑπολείπω

Brown-Driver-Briggs

‎עָמַד‎₅₂₀ take one's stand, stand (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician ‎עמד‎; Assyrian emêdu, stand, set up; Arabic prop up, support, and derivatives; Ethiopic pillar; ᵑ7 ‎עַמּוּדָא‎ pillar, Syriac , Palmyrene ‎עמודא‎, compare also proper name ‎תימעמד‎; Sabean ‎עמד‎ pillar, according to CIS^{iv. 91} (or other derivatives from √ ‎עמד‎ DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 5}), plural ‎אעמדן‎ pillars DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. sus Abess. 80}); —

Qal₄₃₅ Perfect ‎׳‎‎ע‎ Gen 19:27 +, 3 feminine singular ‎עָֽמְדָה‎ 2Kgs 13:6 +, etc.; Imperfect ‎יַעֲמֹד‎ Exod 21:21, ‎יַעֲמוֺד‎ Nah 1:6 +, ‎יַעֲמָדֿ‎ 1Sam 16:22 +; 1 singular ‎אֶעֱמֹ֑דָה‎ Hab 2:1, ‎וָאֶעֱמֹד‎ 2Sam 1:10 3 masculine plural ‎יַעַמְדוּ‎ Jer 32:14 +, ‎יַעֲמֹ֑דוּ‎ Ezek 1:21 +, 2 masculine plural ‎וַתַּעַמְדוּן‎ Deut 4:11, etc.; Imperative ‎עֲמֹד‎ 1Sam 9:27 +, ‎עֲמָדֿ‎ 2Sam 1:9 feminine singular ‎עִמְדִי‎ Isa 47:12; Jer 48:19, etc.; Infinitive absolute ‎עָמֹד‎ Esth 9:16 construct ‎עֲמֹד‎ Exod 18:23 +, suffix ‎עָמְדִי‎ Jer 18:20, ‎עֲמָדְךָ‎ Obad 1:11, etc.; Participle ‎עֹמֵד‎ Isa 3:13 +, feminine ‎עֹמֶ֫דֶת‎ Hag 2:5 +, etc.; —

1. a. take one's stand, and (especially participle) stand, be in a standing attitude: with ‎עַל‎ by, 1Sam 26:13; 2Sam 2:25; 2Kgs 2:7 +, so participle Gen 18:8 (J), Gen 41:1; Gen 41:17 (E) +, ‎עַל‎ on, Exod 3:5 (E), Deut 27:12 +; with ‎ב‎ location Exod 32:26; Num 22:24; Num 22:26 (all J E), +; with ‎אֶל‎ location 1Kgs 20:38 (+ ‎לְ‎ person), Jer 48:19; Ezek 21:26*; Ezek 27:29 with ‎אֶל‎ person 1Sam 17:51; 2Kgs 5:25 with ‎אֵצֶל‎ Gen 41:3 (E), Ezek 9:2; Ezek 10:6; Neh 8:4 with ‎לִפְנֵי‎ Gen 18:22; 1Kgs 3:16; 1Kgs 8:22 +; before ‎׳‎‎י‎, for intercession Gen 19:27 (J), Deut 4:10; Jer 15:1; Jer 18:20, etc.; take one's stand and do a thing 1Sam 17:8; 1Kgs 8:55; 2Kgs 18:28 = Isa 36:13 +; followed by infinitive 1Kgs 8:11 = 2Chr 5:14 +.
b. stand forth (to speak, etc.) 2Kgs 10:9 +.
c. take a stand against (‎עַל‎), in opposition to, Judg 6:31; Ezra 10:15 (but stand over, = have charge of, according to Kue^{Ges. Abh. 247 f.}) 2Chr 26:18 compare ‎עַלדַּֿם‎ Lev 19:16 (H) against the blood of, i.e. seek one's blood, life; with ‎יָ֑חַד‎ Isa 50:8 together, i.e. against each other.
d. present oneself before (‎לִפְנֵי‎) Gen 43:15 (J), Exod 9:10 (E), Num 27:2; Num 27:21 (P), 1Sam 16:21 +; before ‎׳‎‎י‎ (in sanctuary) Deut 19:17; Jer 7:10 compare Jer 18:20; Lev 9:5 (P); so in heaven 1Kgs 22:21 = 2Chr 18:20 with ‎ב‎ location of child at birth Hos 13:13, in palace (as retainer, courtier) Dan 1:4
e. with ‎לִפְנֵי‎ attend upon, be(come) servant of 1Sam 16:22 (see Dr), 1Kgs 1:2 +; servant of ‎׳‎‎י‎ 1Kgs 17:1; 1Kgs 18:15; 2Kgs 3:14; 2Kgs 5:16; Jer 15:19 priests ‎(לְשָֽׁרְתוֺׅ‎‎׳‎‎לִפְנֵי י‎ Deut 10:8; Judg 20:28; Ezek 44:15; 2Chr 29:11 of Levites, stand before congregation for menial duties Ezek 44:11; Num 16:9 (P). feminine stand afar ‎מֵרָחוֺק‎ Exod 20:18; Exod 20:21 (E), Isa 59:14; Ps 38:12*, ‎׳‎‎בְּר‎ Ps 10:1 ‎׳‎‎מִנֶּגֶד מֵר‎ 2Kgs 2:7 stand aloof, ‎מִנֶֹּגֶד‎ Obad 1:11; Ps 38:12*.
g. stand (silent) Job 32:16.
h. stand (appealingly) Job 30:20 (but read ‎עָמַדְתָּ‎, of God, Me Hi Du).
i. stand, subject ‎רֶגֶל‎ Zech 14:4 (‎עַל‎ location), Ps 122:2 (‎ב‎ location) so Ps 26:12 (figurative).
j. stand, of water, ‎עַלהָֿרִים‎ Ps 104:6. See also prepositions ‎אֶל‎, ‎אֵצֶל‎, ‎עַל‎, ‎מִמַּעַל‎, ‎עִם‎, etc.

2. a. stand still, stop, cease moving, of moon Josh 10:13 (J E; || ‎וַיִּדֹּם‎), sun vJosh 10:13, both, Hab 3:11 of person 1Sam 9:27 (opposed to ‎עָבַר‎), 2Sam 2:28 (opposed to ‎רָדַף‎), ‎עִמְדוּ עֲמֹ֫דוּ‎ Nah 2:9* +; stop flowing (of oil) 2Kgs 4:6 remain standing, with ‎תַּחְתֵּינוּ‎ Judg 7:21; 1Sam 14:9 etc.; of eruption in skin = remain unchanged Lev 13:23; Lev 13:28 so (without ‎׳‎‎ת‎) Lev 13:5; Lev 13:37 (all P).
b. = be inactive 2Chr 20:17 (opposed to ‎לְהִלָּחֵם‎, + ‎הִתְיַצְּבוּ‎).
c. = be attentive Job 37:14.
d. stop, cease doing a thing 2Kgs 13:18 with ‎מִן‎ Gen 29:35; Gen 30:9 (both J), Joel 1:15.

3. a. tarry, delay Gen 45:9 (E), Josh 10:19 (J E; opposed to ‎רָדַף‎), 1Sam 20:38 (opposed to ‎מְהֵרָה‎, ‎חוּשָׁה‎), +.
b. remain, with ‎ב‎ location 2Kgs 15:20; Deut 10:10 with ‎עִמָּדִי‎ Deut 5:28 (opposed to ‎שׁוּב‎); + infinitive purpose Esth 7:7.
c. continue, abide Jer 32:14; Isa 66:22; Ps 102:27* (opposed to ‎אָבַד‎); = dwell Exod 8:18* (J; ‎עַל‎ location); ‎לָעַד‎ Ps 19:10*; Ps 111:3; Ps 111:10; Ps 112:3; Ps 112:9 ‎לְעוֺלָם‎ Ps 33:11; Eccl 1:4 ‎בְּתוֺךְ‎ Hag 2:5 of plan = be established Ps 33:11 (earlier ‎קוּם‎, as Isa 14:24), so Esth 3:4; Dan 11:17 b; = maintain itself (earlier ‎קוּם‎ Josh 2:11) Eccl 2:9 ‎לֹא יַעֲמָדבִּֿי כֹחַ‎ Dan 10:17.
d. endure Exod 18:23 (E), Ezek 22:14 (|| ‎חָזַק‎).
e. be steadfast Deut 25:8; Ruth 2:7. feminine persist Eccl 8:3.

4. make a stand, hold one's ground, Amos 2:15; 2Kgs 10:4; Mal 3:2 +; with ‎לִפְנֵי‎ Judg 2:14; 2Kgs 10:4 +, ‎בִּפְנֵי‎ Josh 10:8; Josh 21:44 (Ginsb; van d. H. Baer vJosh 21:42), Josh 23:9 (all D); with ‎עַל‎, for one's life Esth 8:11; Esth 9:16.

5. stand upright:
a. remain standing 2Kgs 13:6 of head 2Kgs 6:31 remain upright upon him (‎עָלָיו‎); of house (figurative of endurance) Job 8:15; Prov 12:7.
b. stand up, opposed to sit, Neh 8:5; Job 29:8 (+ ‎קוּם‎); opposed to lie prostrate Ezek 2:1 (‎עַלרַֿגְלֶיךָ‎), so Ezek 37:10 (id.), Dan 10:1, vDan 10:11 (‎עַלעָֿמְדָ֑ךָ‎), Esth 8:4 of revival after death Dan 12:13 (late for ‎קוּם‎).
c. stand up, rise, of water Josh 3:13 (+ appositive ‎נֵד אֶחָד‎), vJosh 3:16 (+ ‎קָמוּ‎ + id.; both J E).
d. be erect, upright, of boards Exod 26:15; Exod 36:20 (P).

6. a. arise, appear, come on the scene (= ‎קוּם‎; late) Ezra 2:63 = Neh 7:65; Ps 106:30 (compare Eccl 47:1; Eccl 47:12), especially Dan 8:22 (twice in verse); Dan 8:23; Dan 11:2; Dan 11:3; Dan 11:4; Dan 12:1, compare Dan 11:7 (‎כַּנּוֺ‎), vDan 11:20 vDan 11:21 (‎עַלכַּֿנּוֺ‎); with ‎תַּחַת‎ instead of Eccl 4:15 of war 1Chr 20:4, deliverance Esth 4:14.
b. stand forth, appear = come into being Isa 48:13; Ps 33:9; Ps 119:90.
c. rise up as foe (earlier ‎קום‎ Amos 7:9; Gen 4:8), with ‎עַל‎ against 1Chr 21:1; 2Chr 20:23; Dan 8:25; Dan 11:14,
c. ‎לְנֶגְדִּי‎ against Dan 10:13.

7. rare usages are:
a. ‎אֶתֿ‎ ‎׳‎‎ע‎ stand with, as attendant, servitor Gen 45:1 (E), Num 1:5 (P).
b. take one's stand in covenant, ‎בַּבְּרִית‎ 2Kgs 23:3.
c. stand ‎עַלחֶֿרֶב‎ Ezek 33:26 (resort to the sword).
d. stand ‎׳‎‎בְּסוֺד י‎ Jer 23:18; Jer 23:22 (see ‎סוֺד‎).
e. be appointed Ezra 10:14. feminine stand before (‎לִפְנֵי‎) beast Lev 18:23 (carnal intercourse)
g. grow flat, insipid (Gie), taste of wine Jer 48:11 (figurative of Moab), or remain unchanged (so most, in that case compare 3 b). — ‎עָמְדִי‎ Dan 11:1b is corrupt, read probably ‎עָמַדְתִּי‎, or ‎עָמַד‎ (‎מִיכָאֵל‎ subject), join then to Dan 10:21 and strike out Dan 11:1a; so Bev Behrm Marti^Kau. Hiph`il<sub>83</sub> (compare Dr<sup>Intr. (6) 535</sup>) Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎הֶעֱמִיד‎ 1Kgs 12:32 +, 2 masculine singular ‎הֶעֱמַדְתָּה‎ Ps 30:8*, ‎וְהַעֲמַדְתָּ֫‎ Num 3:6 +, etc., Imperfect ‎יַעֲמִיד‎ Prov 29:4 +, ‎וַיַּעֲמֵד‎ 2Kgs 8:1 +; 3 feminine singular suffix ‎וַתַּעֲמִדֵנִי‎ Ezek 2:2; Ezek 3:24, 1 plural ‎וַנַּעֲמִיד‎ Neh 4:3*, etc.; Imperative ‎הַעֲמֵד‎ Isa 21:6 suffix ‎הַעֲמִידֶהָ‎ Ezek 24:11 Infinitive absolute ‎הַעֲמֵיד‎ Neh 7:3 construct ‎הַעֲמִיד‎ 1Kgs 15:4 +; Participle ‎מַעֲמִיד‎ 2Chr 18:34 (but see Hoph`al): —

1. station, set, with accusative Judg 16:25 (‎בֵּין‎); for duty Num 11:24 (E; ‎סְבִיבֹת‎) 1Kgs 12:32 (‎ב‎ location), 2Chr 19:5 (id.), Neh 13:11(‎עַלֿ‎ ‎עָמְדָם‎), Isa 21:6 + (Neh 4:7* a read perhaps Qal, so Perles^{Anal. 65}), with ‎עַל‎ against Neh 4:3*.

2. cause to stand firm Ps 18:34* = 2Sam 22:34 (with ‎עַל‎ location); maintain (opposed to overthrow) Exod 9:16 (J), 1Kgs 15:4, compare Prov 29:4.

3. cause to stand up, set up, erect, with accusative + ‎עַלרַֿגְלַי‎ Ezek 2:2; Ezek 3:24, so ‎עַלעָֿמְדִי‎ Dan 8:18 temple Ezra 2:68 (‎עַל‎ location), compare 2Chr 24:13 (‎על‎ location, of repairs); especially doors Neh 3:1 + 7 t. Nehemiah; Asherim 2Chr 33:19, compare 2Chr 25:14.

4. + ‎לִפְנֵי‎ present one before king Gen 47:7 (P), ‎׳‎‎י‎ (in sanctuary) Lev 14:11 + 3 t. P, + (of goat) Lev 16:7, priest Lev 27:8 + 4 t. P, + (of beast) Lev 27:11.

5. appoint Neh 7:3; 1Chr 15:17 + (late); with ‎עַל‎ over Neh 13:9 +, with infinitive purpose Neh 6:7 +, with 2 accusative 1Chr 15:16 = assign (land) to (‎ל‎) 2Chr 33:8 (|| 2Kgs 21:8 ‎נָתַן‎); appoint courses of priests 2Kgs 8:14; 2Kgs 31:2, compare Neh 13:30 ordain commandments, ‎עַל‎ person Neh 10:33*, compare 2Chr 30:5 establish ‎עַדהָֿעוֺלָם‎ 1Chr 17:14 (‎ב‎ location), compare 2Chr 9:8; Ps 148:6 with accusative of covenant Ps 105:10 = 1Chr 16:17 (‎ל‎ person + ‎ל‎ of thing); with ‎חָזוֺן‎ vision Dan 11:14 (= fulfil, earlier ‎הֵקִים‎).

6. other meanings:
a. ‎אֶתפָּֿנָיו‎ ‎׳‎‎ע‎ 2Kgs 8:11 have a fixed look.
b. with accusative ‎רַגְלַי‎ + ‎ב‎ location Ps 31:9* (figurative).
c. make to stand (in a covt.; see || 2Kgs 23:3) 2Chr 34:32.
d. restore waste places Ezra 9:9.
e. + ‎לְפָנֶיהָ‎ Esth 4:5, i.e. make servant to. feminine cause wind to arise Ps 107:25.
g. = raise an army Dan 11:11; Dan 11:13. — 2Chr 18:34 see Hoph`al; Ps 30:8* see ‎עֹז‎; Ezek 29:7 see ‎מָעַד‎. Hoph`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יָעֳמַדֿ‎ Lev 16:10 be presented (of goat), + ‎׳‎‎לִפְנֵי י‎; Participle ‎הָיָה מָעֳמָד‎ 1Kgs 22:35 he was caused to stand, i.e. propped up, in (‎ב‎) his chariot, so read also || 2Chr 18:34 (as ᵐ5), for ᵑ0 ‎מַעֲמִיד‎. — On Perfect ‎הָעֳמַדְתִּי‎ see ‎עֹז‎ Ps 30:8*.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References