Lexical Definition

‎כֶּסֶף‎ keçeph (keh'-sef) silver: money ^H:N-M
from ‎כָּסַף‎

money, price, silver(-ling).

• silver (from its pale color)
• by implication, money

1) silver, money
1a) silver
1a1) as metal
1a2) as ornament
1a3) as colour
1b) money, shekels, talents

See Greek: ἀργύρεος · ἀργύριον · ἄργυρος · δίδραχμον · τιμή · χρῆμα

Brown-Driver-Briggs

‎כֶּ֫סֶף‎₄₀₂ noun masculine^{Gen 23:9} silver, money (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician, Zinjirli ‎כסף‎; Aramaic ‎כַּסְפָּא‎ ; Palmyrene ‎כספא‎ Vog^{No. 23}; Assyrian kaspu; probably the pale metal Thes and others, compare RS^{JPh xiv,125}) — ‎׳‎‎כ‎ absolute Gen 20:16 +, ‎כָּ֑סֶף‎ Exod 21:11 +; construct Exod 43:21 +; suffix ‎כַּסְפִּי‎ Gen 42:28 + 3 t., ‎כַּסְפְּךָ‎ 1Kgs 20:3 + 2 t., ‎כַּסְפֶּ֑ךָ‎ Gen 17:13; Isa 30:22, ‎כַּסְפֵּךְ‎ Isa 1:22, ‎כַּסְפֵּנוּ‎ Gen 31:15 + 2 t., ‎כַּסְפָּם‎ Hos 8:4 + 6 t.; plural suffix ‎כַּסְפֵּיהֶם‎ Gen 42:25; Gen 42:35 — silver,

1. = silver ore, raw silver (rare and mostly late) Job 28:1, also (in figurative) Ezek 22:20; Ezek 22:22; Zech 13:9; Prov 2:4; Prov 17:3; Prov 27:21; Mal 3:3 (twice in verse); Ps 12:7*; Ps 66:10; Isa 48:10 ‎׳‎‎הָגוֺ סִיגים מִכּ‎ Prov 25:4 remove dross from silver, compare ‎סִיגִים‎ ‎׳‎‎כ‎ Prov 26:23 and ‎׳‎‎מִגִים כ‎ Ezek 22:18 (ᵑ0; ᵐ5 ‎׳‎‎ס‎ ‎׳‎‎כ‎; Co strike out in view of vEzek 22:20); ‎נִמְאָס‎ ‎׳‎‎כ‎ Jer 6:30 (compare vJer 6:29), ‎כַּסְפֵּךְ הָיָה לְסִיגִים‎ Isa 1:22.

2. sliver as bright, shining, figurative of dove's wings ‎כַּנְפֵי יוֺנָה נֶחְפָּה בַכֶּ֑סֶף‎ Ps 68:14*.

3. silver, as wealth, Gen 13:2 (J) + often (c. 54 t. in all; frequently with gold, etc., see ‎זהב‎); ‎מְלֹא‎ ‎וזהב‎ ‎׳‎‎בֵיתוֺ כ‎ Num 22:18; Num 24:13 figurative of a slave as valuable, ‎כַּסְפּוֺ הוּא‎ Exod 21:21 (all J E); silver as less valuable than gold 1Kgs 10:21 = 2Chr 9:20 compare also 1Kgs 10:27 = 2Chr 1:15; 2Chr 9:27 ‎נִבְחָר‎ ‎׳‎‎כ‎ choice silver, Prov 18:19; Prov 10:20.

4. silver as spoil of war (with ‎זהב‎, q. v.) Judg 5:19; 2Sam 8:11 = 1Chr 18:11 + 11 t.

5. sliver as merchandise Ezek 27:12; Prov 3:14 (‎׳‎‎סְחַרכֿ‎), Zeph 1:12 compare also 1Kgs 10:22 = 2Chr 9:21.

6. silver as costly gift (with ‎זהב‎, q. v.) 1Kgs 15:18; 1Kgs 15:19 = 2Chr 16:2; 2Chr 16:3; 2Kgs 16:8; 2Kgs 18:15; 2Chr 9:14; 2Chr 17:11; 2Chr 21:3; Isa 60:9; Dan 11:38 (other instances under 8).

7. silver as material (c. 117 t. in all; often with ‎זהב‎, q. v.), of cup Gen 44:2 compare vGen 44:8 (J), trumpets Num 10:2 (P), ‎׳‎‎כְּלֵיכֿ‎ Gen 24:53 (J) +; of idols Exod 20:23; Isa 2:20; Deut 29:16*; Ezek 16:17; Ps 115:4; Ps 135:15 + 4 t., compare Deut 7:25; Jer 10:4; Hab 2:19 especially of fittings of tabernacle Exod 26. 27. 36. 38. (19 t.), and those offered by chiefs of people Num 7 (28 t.), etc.

8. silver as measure of weight and value (c. 184 t.): —
a. shekels: — ‎שְׁלשִׁים שְׁקָלִים‎ ‎׳‎‎כ‎ Exod 21:32 (JE), compare 2Sam 24:24; Lev 5:15; Num 18:16 (both P), Neh 5:15 also (different order) ‎׳‎‎חֲמִשָּׁה שׁקלים כ‎ Lev 27:6 (twice in verse) (P), compare Josh 7:21 (JE), 2Kgs 15:20, and ‎׳‎‎אַרְבַּע מֵאֹת שֶׁקֶל י‎ Gen 23:15; Gen 23:16, compare Lev 27:3; Lev 27:16 (all P), 1Sam 9:8 once ‎׳‎‎שִׁבְעָה שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכּ‎ Jer 32:9.
b. more often omitted ‎שׁקל‎ Gen 20:16; Gen 45:22 (E), Gen 37:28 (J), Hos 3:2; Song 8:11 + 17 t.
c. talents: — ‎׳‎‎כִּכַּר (הַ)כּ‎ Exod 38:27 (P), compare 1Kgs 20:39; 2Kgs 5:22; 2Kgs 15:19; 2Kgs 18:14; 2Kgs 23:33 = 2Chr 36:3; 1Chr 19:6; 2Chr 25:6; 2Chr 27:5; Esth 3:9 ‎׳‎‎עֶשֶׂר כִּכְּרֵיכֿ‎ 2Kgs 5:5 ‎׳‎‎כִּכְּרַיִם כ‎ 1Kgs 16:24; 2Kgs 5:23 ‎אלף אלפים ככרים‎ ‎׳‎‎כ‎ 1Chr 22:14 compare 1Chr 29:7; Ezra 8:26.
d. minas: — ‎מָנִים חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים‎ ‎׳‎‎כ‎ Ezra 2:69 compare Neh 7:70*; Neh 7:71*.
e. more often = money, measure of value and exchange (c. 112 t.; not necess. coined) Gen 31:15; Gen 42:25; Gen 42:27 (E), Gen 43:12 (twice in verse); Gen 43:15; Gen 43:18 (J), Gen 23:13; Lev 27:18; Num 3:48 (P), Judg 16:18; 1Kgs 21:2; 2Kgs 12:5* etc.; so Ps 68:31* Che, but see De Grill Bae, and Che^{critical note}.; ‎׳‎‎מִקְנַת כ‎ one bought for money Gen 17:12; Gen 17:13; Gen 17:23; Gen 17:27; Exod 12:44 (all P); ‎מִקְנָתוֺ‎ ‎׳‎‎כ‎ Lev 25:51 (H) money for which he was bought; ‎מָלֵא‎ ‎׳‎‎כ‎ full price Gen 23:9 (P) 1Chr 21:22; 1Chr 21:24 ‎כַּסְפֵּנוּ בְּמִשְׁקָלוֺ‎ Gen 43:21 i.e. our money in full; ‎מִמְכָרוֺ‎ ‎׳‎‎כ‎ Lev 25:50 the price of his sale; ‎אָשָׁם‎ ‎׳‎‎כ‎ 2Kgs 12:7* trespass-money, ‎חַטָּאוֺת‎ ‎׳‎‎כ‎ v.2Kgs 12:7* sin-money, ‎הַכִּפֻּרִים‎ ‎׳‎‎כ‎ Exod 30:16 atonement-money, ‎הַפִּדְיוֺן‎ ‎׳‎‎כ‎ Num 3:49 redemption-money (both P); ‎עֶרְכְּךָ‎ ‎׳‎‎כ‎ Lev 27:15; Lev 27:19 i.e. estimated value, etc.

9. among verbs and phrase with ‎׳‎‎כ‎ are: — ‎צרף‎ try, refine, Zech 13:9; Isa 48:10; Mal 3:3 a Ps 12:7*; Ps 66:10 ‎זִקַּק‎ Mal 3:3 b, (compare ‎הִתּוּךְ‎ Ezek 22:22, √ ‎נתך‎, see vEzek 22:20 vEzek 22:21); ‎יפּה‎ beautify ‎׳‎‎בכ‎ Jer 10:4 ‎׳‎‎תָּפוּשׂ כ‎ Hab 2:19 encased with gold and silver; ‎לְ‎ ‎׳‎‎שָׁקַל אתהַֿכּ‎ weigh out the silver to or for a person Jer 32:9; Gen 23:16 (P) Ezra 8:25, without ‎לְ‎ Jer 32:10, compare Exod 22:16* (E), 1Kgs 20:39 ‎׳‎‎ב‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁקל כ‎ Isa 55:2 = spend money for; ‎מְחִירָהּ‎ ‎׳‎‎לֹא יִשָּׁקֵל כ‎ Job 28:15 ‎׳‎‎וַיִּשְׁקְלוּ אֶתשְֿׂכָרִי שׁלשׁים כ‎ Zech 11:12 ‎בַּקָּנֶה ישׁקלו‎ ‎׳‎‎כ‎ Isa 46:6, of wighing material for idol; ‎׳‎‎מָכַר בכ‎ sell for money Amos 2:6; Gen 37:28 (J), Deut 21:14 ‎׳‎‎נָתַן בכ‎ Deut 2:28b 1Kgs 21:6; 1Kgs 21:15; Gen 23:9 (P), 1Chr 21:22 also, of food, ‎׳‎‎הִשְׁבִּיר ב‎ Deut 2:28 a; ‎השׂדה‎ ‎׳‎‎נתן כ‎ Gen 23:13 (P) pay the price of the field; ‎׳‎‎קָנָה בְכ‎ buy something for money Amos 8:6; Jer 32:25; Jer 32:44; Isa 43:24; 1Chr 21:24, compare ‎׳‎‎קָנָה נֶפֶשׁ קִנְיַן כ‎ Lev 22:11 (H); ‎׳‎‎שׁבר בכ‎ Deut 2:6 a Isa 55:1 ‎׳‎‎כרה בכ‎ Deut 2:6b; peculiar is its use with ‎פָּדָה‎, redeem (q. v.) in Num 18:16 ‎׳‎‎לקח כ‎ receive money 2Kgs 5:26; 2Kgs 12:8*; 2Kgs 12:9* ‎׳‎‎לָוָה כ‎ Neh 5:4 borrow money; ‎הִלְוָה‎ Exod 22:24* (JE) lend money to (c. 2 accusative); ‎בְּנֶשֶׁךְ‎ ‎׳‎‎נתן כ‎ give money on usury Lev 25:37 (H), Ps 15:5 compare ‎לֹא תַשִּׁיךְ‎ ‎׳‎‎לְאָחִיךָ נֶשֶׁךְ כ‎ Deut 23:20*.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References