Lexical Definition

‎ἄρχων‎ árchōn (ar'-khone) ruler ^G:N-M
present participle of ‎ἄρχω‎

chief (ruler), magistrate, prince, ruler.

• a first (in rank or power)

Abbott-Smith

ἄρχων, -οντος, ὁ (pres. ptcp. of ἄρχω), [in LXX for נשׂא, רֹאשׁ, שַׂר, etc.;]
a ruler, chief: Jesus, Re 1:5; rulers of nations, Mt 20:25, Ac 4:26 7:35; magistrates, Ac 23:5, Ro 13:3; judges, Lk 12:58, Ac 7:27, 35 16:19; members of the Sanhedrin, Lk 14:1 23:13, 35 24:20, Jo 3:1 7:26, 48 12:42, Ac 3:17 4:5, 8 13:27 14:5; rulers of synagogues, Mt 9:18, 23, Lk 8:41 18:18; οἱ ἄ. τ. αἰῶνος τούτου, I Co 2:6, 8; of the devil: ἄ. τῶν δαιμονίων, Mt 9:34 12:24, Mk 3:22, Lk 11:15; ὁ ἄ. τοῦ κόσμου, Jo 12:31 14:30 16:11; ἄ. τ. ἐξουσίας τ. ἀέρος, Eph 2:2 (MM, s.v.; DB, iii, 838; Ext., 99 f; DCG, ii, 419; DCG, s.v. Archon).†

Abbott-Smith References

Liddell-Scott-Jones

ἄρχων, οντος, ὁ,

(participle of ἄρχω) ruler, commander, νεός[Refs 5th c.BC+]; chief, king, Ἀσίας[Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἄ. τοῦ κόσμου τούτου, of Satan, [NT]

__II as official title, chief magistrate, especially at Athens, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ ἄ., at Sparta, the authorities, [ἄρχων">Refs 5th c.BC+] the eponymous magistrate of the year, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; so in Boeotia, at Delphi, Delos, and elsewhere, [Refs]; = Latin consul, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]
__II.2 governor of a dependency or province, e.g. in the Athenian Empire, [Refs]; of a Roman governor, [Refs]; = praefectus, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]
__II.3 generally, magistrate, official, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; opposed to ἰδιώτης, [Refs]; ruler of a synagogue, [NT]; president of a club, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]

_{LSJ Scripture Refs: John.16.11 ☩ Matt.9.18}