Lexical Definition

‎עַד‎ ʻad (ad) till ^H:Prep
properly, the same as ‎עַד‎ (used as a preposition, adverb or conjunction; especially with a preposition)

against, and, as, at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as), (hither-) to, [phrase] how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that, till, toward, until, when, while, ([phrase] as) yet.

• as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

prep
1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
1a) of space
1a1) as far as, up to, even to
1b) in combination
1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)
1c) of time
1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end
1d) of degree
1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like
conj
2) until, while, to the point that, so that even

See Greek: ἐπέκεινα · ἔτος · καιρός · λίαν · πόῤῥω · ποῤῥωτέρω · πρωΐ · σφόδρα · σφόδρα · τέλος · τίς · χρόνος · χρόνος

Extended Information

• prep
• conj
• Aramaic equivalent: ad (‎ע‎ַ‎ד‎ "till" עַד)

Brown-Driver-Briggs

III. ‎עַד‎, in poetry ‎עֲדֵי‎ ( Num 24:20; Num 24:24; Ps 104:23; Ps 147:6; Job 7:4; Job 20:5, and in ‎עֲדֵי עַד‎ Isa 26:4; Isa 65:18; Ps 83:18*; Ps 92:8*; Ps 132:12; Ps 132:14:compare ‎אֱלֵי‎, ‎עֲלֵי‎), preposition as far as, even to, up to, until, while (Aramaic ‎עד‎, Sabean ‎עד‎, ‎עדי‎, Mordtm^{ZMG xxx (1876), 27}; DHM^{xxxvii (1883), 414}, Assyrian adi Dl^{§ 81 a} (Arabic is except); perh akin to pass on, advance to, Kö^{ii. 304, 309:} ‎עֲדֵי‎ probably from ground-form ±¦d¦y, Ol^{428, 431} Kö^{ii. 309 ff.}; but Lag^{Sym. ii. 101-3, Mitth. i. 231 f.}, as plur. like ‎אַחֲרֵי‎); — with suffix ‎עָדַי‎ Num 23:18 +, ‎עָדֶיךָ‎ Mic 4:8 +, etc., ‎עָֽדיֵכֵם‎ Job 32:12; 2Kgs 9:18 ‎עַדהֵֿם‎ occurs; — as far as, even to (differing from ‎אֶל‎ in that the limit is included, as in Arabic Fl^{Kl. Schr. i. 402 f.}):

I. preposition 1. of space; —
a. Gen 11:31 ‎ויבאו‎ ‎עד חרן‎ as far as Haran, Gen 12:6; Gen 13:3; Gen 13:12 + often, Isa 8:8 ‎עד צואר יגעַ‎, Isa 15:4 ‎עד יהץ נשׁמע קולם‎, Isa 25:12; Isa 26:5; Ps 36:6* ‎אמונתך עד שׁחקים‎, Ps 69:2* ‎דאו מים עד נפשׁ‎ (compare Jonah 2:6*; Mic 1:9; Jer 4:10; Jer 4:18), Jer 90:3 ‎תָּשֵׁד אֱנוֺשׁ עַד דַּכָּא‎ Job 11:7, etc.; pregnantly Ps 118:27 ‎׳‎‎אִסְדוּ חָג עַד וגו‎ bind . . . (and lead) up to . . .; Isa 57:9 ‎עַד מֵרָחוק‎ even to afar (‎מִן‎ 1 c); with the goal a person, Exod 22:8* ‎עד‎ ‎האלהים יָבאֹ דְבַר שְׁנֵיהֶם‎, 1Sam 9:9; Ps 65:3* ‎עָדֶיךָ כָלבָּֿשָׂר‎ ‎יָבאֹוּ‎ Isa 45:24; Job 4:5, ‎׳‎‎שׁוּב עַד י‎ Hos 14:2* al. (see ‎שׁוּב‎, stronger than ‎׳‎‎שׁוּב אֶליֿ‎); in poetry Num 24:20 ‎וְאַחֲדִיתוֺ‎ ‎עֲדֵי אֹבֵד‎ shall be even unto destruction, shall issue in destruction, vNum 24:24 rarely with verbs of attending, ‎הֶאֱזִין עַד‎ Num 23:18, ‎הִתְבּוֺנֵן עַד‎ Job 32:12; Job 38:18 (usually ‎אֶל‎). Before another perp., 1Sam 7:11 ‎׳‎‎עַד מִתַּחַת ל‎ 1Kgs 4:12 ‎׳‎‎עַד מֵעֵבֶר ל‎, ‎עַד מֵעַל‎ Ezek 41:20, ‎עַד לִפְנֵי‎ Esth 4:2, and even (si vera. l.) ‎עַד אְלֵיהֶם‎ 2Kgs 9:20:compare ‎עַד נֶגֶד‎ Neh 3:16; Neh 3:26, ‎עַד נֹכַח‎ Judg 19:10 +.

b. In the combination ‎מִן ֗֗֗ (וְ)עַד‎, as Gen 10:19 ‎מצידון ֗֗֗ עַד עַזָּה‎ from Sidon . . . as far as Gaza + often (see ‎מן‎ 5 a); and idiomatic, not of actual space, but of class of objects, to express the idea of both... and, as Gen 19:4 ‎מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקִן‎ from young to old (inclusively) = both young and old (see ‎מִן‎ 5 b); without ‎מִן‎, even to = including, Lev 11:42; Num 8:4 even to (i. e. including) it base and its flower, compare 1Sam 18:4.

2. Of time:
a. (a) even to, until Gen 8:5 even to the 10th month, Exod 12:6 unto the 14th day, etc., vExod 12:15 vExod 12:18, etc.; ‎עד היום‎ unto this day, Gen 19:37; Gen 19:38, ‎עד היום הזה‎ Gen 26:33; Gen 32:33*, both + often; ‎עד יום‎ followed by infinitive Exod 40:37; Josh 6:10; Judg 18:30 ‎עד בקר‎ till morning, Exod 12:10 + (15 t.), ‎עד הבקר‎ Exod 16:23 + (11 t.); so ‎עד (ה)ערב‎ Exod 18:13; Exod 18:14 +, in poetry ‎עֲרֵי ערב‎ Ps 104:23 ‎עַד עוֺלָם‎ Gen 13:15 + often; ‎עַד שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים‎ 2Kgs 4:35 ‎עַד דּוֺר וָדוֺר‎ Isa 13:20 see also ‎בְּלִי‎, and ‎בִּלְתִּי‎, near the end and followed by another preposition, Lev 23:16 ‎עַד מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת‎, Neh 13:9 ‎עַד אַחַר הַשַּׁבָּת‎. With the force of against, Judg 6:31 ‎יוּמַת עַד הַבֹּקֶר‎; compare (b) end. (b) followed by infinitive, both of past time, as Gen 8:7; Gen 32:35 ‎עַד עֲלוֺת הַשַּׁחַר‎, Gen 33:3; Gen 34:5, and especially future time, as Gen 3:19 ‎עַד שׁוּבְךָ‎ until thy returning, Gen 19:22; Gen 27:45; Deut 7:20; Deut 7:23; Deut 20:20; Deut 22:2; Deut 28:20; Deut 28:22, — both + often; compare ‎עַד בּוֺשׁ‎ Judg 3:25 +; ‎עַד תֹּם ֗֗֗ ‎ Lev 25:29 + 10 t.; ‎עַד תֻּמָּם‎ Deut 2:15 +; ‎עַד כַּלֵּה‎ 2Kgs 13:17; 2Kgs 13:19; Ezek 19:14 ‎עַד כַּלּוֺתָ(םׅ‎ 1Sam 15:18; Jer 9:15* +; ‎עַד אוֺר הַבֹּקֶר‎ Judg 16:2 +; also in ‎עַד הִשְׁמִדְךָ אֹתָם‎ Deut 7:24 (compare Deut 28:48; Josh 11:14; 1Kgs 15:29; 2Kgs 3:25; 2Kgs 10:17; 2Kgs 24:20 [|| Jer 52:3 ‎הִשְׁלִיכוֺ‎]; on the anomalous ‎׳‎‎הִ‎, see Dr, read probably ‎׳‎‎הַ‎); and most probably compare Kö^{iii. 583}) in ‎עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֺ (לָהֶם) שָׂרִיד‎ Deut 3:3 (see Dr), + 5 t. (see above), read probably ‎הַשְׁאִיר‎. With the force of towards the end of, against, especially in ‎עַד בֹּאָ(םׅ‎, Gen 43:25; Exod 22:25*; Num 10:21 ‎והקימו‎ ‎את המשׁכן עַד בֹּאָם‎ used to set up the tabernacle against their coming, 2Kgs 16:11; Ezek 33:22 compare 2Sam 17:22. Elliptical Judg 16:2 ‎עַד אוֺד הַבֹּקֶד וַהֲרַגְנוּהוּ‎ (wait) till the morning dawn, and we slay him! (GFM; Dr^{§ 115}). (c) with various adverbs of time. (q. v.) as ‎עַד אָנָה‎, ‎עַדמָֿה‎, ‎עַד מָתַי‎, ‎עַד הֵנָּה‎, ‎עַד כֹּה‎, ‎עַד כֵּן‎, ‎עַד עַתָּה‎, compare ‎עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים‎ (see ‎מָה‎ 4 b).
(d) to suffest also degree (compare 3), ‎עַד אֵין מָקוֺם‎ until there is no place Isa 5:8, ‎עַד אֵין מִסְפָּר‎ Ps 40:13*; Job 5:9; Job 9:10 compare Lev 26:18 ‎וְאִםעַֿדאֵֿלֶּה‎ and if even up to these things, even the end of all these punishment, you do not hearken to me.

b. During (rare; prop, as far as the limit indicated, including the time previous, compare ἔως: so often Aramaic ‎עַד‎, , while), 2Kgs 9:22 what is peace ‎עַד זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל‎ during, etc.,? Job 20:5 ‎עֲדֵי רָ֑גַע‎ during a moment; followed by infinitive Judg 3:26 ‎עַד הִתְמַהְמְהָם‎ during their delaying, Exod 33:22; Job 7:19 ‎עַד בִּלְעִי רֻקִּי‎ Jonah 4:2.

3. Of degree, to suggest a higher or the highest; as ‎עַד מְאֹד‎ even to muchness, i.e. exceedingly (see ‎מְאֹד‎), ‎עַד מְהֵרָה‎ even to haste Ps 147:15; Esth 5:6 ‎וּמַהבֻּֿקָּשָׁתֵךְ עַדחֲֿצִי הַמַּלְכוּת‎ ‎וְתֵעָשׂ‎, vEsth 5:3; Esth 7:2. See also ‎עַד לְ‎, below. With a negative, to express not even as much as, Deut 2:5 ‎לא אתן‎ ‎לכם מארצם עַד מִדְרַךְ כַּף רָ֑גֶל‎, and with ‎אֶחָד‎, Exod 9:7 ‎לֹא מֵת ֗֗֗ עַדאֶֿחָד‎, simil. Exod 14:28; Judg 4:16; 2Sam 17:22 (read ‎אֶחָד‎ for ‎׃אַחַד‎ see Dr). Sts. almost = Latin adeo, 1Sam 2:5 (si vera lectio) ‎עַד עֲקָרָה ילדה‎ ‎שׁבעה‎ even to the barren, she hath borne seven, i.e. even the barren hath, etc., Job 25:5 ‎הן עדיָֿרֵחַ‎ ‎ולא יאהיל‎, Hag 2:19. In comparisons, to the degree of, even like (rare), Nah 1:10 ‎עַד סִירִים סְבֻכִים‎ (text dubious) entangled even like thorns, 1Chr 4:27 ‎לא הִרְבּוּ עד בני יהודה‎ did not multiply to the degree of (i.e.like), etc. compare. 2Sam 23:19 ‎עַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה‎ ‎לֹא בָא‎ did not attain (in prowess) unto the three.

II. conjunction 1. until; —

a ‎עַד אֲשֶׁר‎ until that: (a) with perfect, of past time, Exod 32:20 ‎ויטחן‎ ‎עד אשׁר דָּק‎ (Deut 9:21), Deut 2:14 ‎עד אשׁר עָבַרְנוּ‎, Josh 3:17; Josh 8:26; Judg 4:24; 1Kgs 10:7 (2Chr 9:6), 2Kgs 17:20; 2Kgs 17:23; 2Kgs 21:16 with suggestion of degree, 1Sam 30:4 (followed by‎אֵין‎), 1Kgs 17:17 rarely of future time (the 'future perfect,' Dr^{§ 17}), 2Sam 17:13 (of degree), Ezek 34:21 So -‎עַד שֶׁ‎ (often in Late Hebrew; see ‎שֶׁ‎) Judg 5:7; Song 3:4 (twice in verse); ‎עַד כִּי‎ Gen 26:13 ‎עַד כִּיגָֿדַל מְאֹד‎, Gen 41:49; 2Sam 23:10; 2Chr 26:15 and (of future time) ‎עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם‎ Gen 28:15; Num 32:17; Isa 6:11.
(b) with imperfect, usually of future time, Gen 27:44 ‎עַד אֲשֶׁר תָּשׁוּב חֲמַר אָחִיךָ‎, Gen 29:8; Exod 23:30; Exod 24:14; Lev 22:4; Num 11:20; Num 20:17; 1Sam 22:3; Hos 5:15 +; rarely of past time, Jonah 4:5 ‎עד אשׁר יראה‎ till he should see, Eccl 2:3. So (of the future) -‎עַד שֶׁ‎ Song 2:7; Song 2:17; Song 3:5; Song 4:6; Song 8:4; Ps 123:2 and ‎עַד כִּי‎ Gen 49:10 ‎עַד כִּייָֿבאֹ שִׁילֹה‎.

b. ‎עַד‎ alone, until:
(a) with perfect, of past time, Josh 2:22; Josh 4:23 ‎עַדעָֿבַרְנוּ‎, 1Sam 20:41 ‎עַד דָּוִד הִגְדִּיל‎, 2Sam 21:10; 1Kgs 11:16; Ezek 28:15 of the future (rare), 2Kgs 7:3 ‎עַד מָ֑תְנוּ‎, Ezek 39:15; Dan 11:36 ‎עַד כָּלָה זָ֑עַם‎. So ‎עַד סִם‎ (of the future), Gen 24:19; Gen 24:33; Isa 30:17; Ruth 2:21.
(b) with imperfect, of future time, 1Sam 1:22 (elliptic: compare Judg 16:2, 12 a
(b) end), Isa 22:14; Isa 26:20; Isa 32:15; Isa 62:1; Isa 62:7; Ps 57:2*; Ps 71:18; Job 27:5 +; of the past (rare), Exod 15:16 ‎עד יעבור עמך‎, vExod 15:16; Josh 10:13 (poetry) ‎עַד יִקֹּם גּוֺי‎ ‎אוֺיְבָיו‎, Ps 73:17. — *N.B. In poetry, ‎עַד‎ is sometimes used to mark not an absolute close, but an epoch or turning-point, in the future, as Ps 110:1 (see De) ‎עַד אָשִׁית אֹיְבֶיךָ הֲדֹם לְרַגְלֶיךָ‎, Hos 10:12; Job 14:6 (but see 3); after a negative clause, Gen 49:10; Num 23:24; Isa 42:4; Ps 71:18; Ps 112:8; Job 8:21 (but read probably with Ew Hi Di Du al. ‎עֹד‎ he will yet*, etc., understanding vJob 8:20 as present, not future).

2. While (rare: compare 12 b): —
a. with perfect, 1Sam 14:19 ‎עד דִּבֶּר שׁאול‎ while Saul spake.
b. with imperfect, Ps 141:10 ‎יַחד אָנֹכִי עַד אֶעֱבֹר‎ while I at the same time pass by.
c. with participle, Job 1:18 ‎עַד זֶה מְדַבֵּר‎ (but read probably ‎עֹד‎, as vJob 1:16 vJob 1:17), Neh 7:3.
d. -‎עַד שֶׁ‎ (without verb) Song 1:12. So ‎עַד לֹא‎ while not = ere yet (of past time) Prov 8:26 ‎עד לא עשׂה אדץ‎ (so ‎עַד לָא‎, , often, e.g. Gen 24:15 ᵑ7, Matt 1:18); and ‎עד אשׁר לא‎ (of the future) Eccl 12:1; Eccl 12:2; Eccl 12:6 (compare Talmud ‎עַד דְּלָא‎, Mishna ‎שֶׁלּאֹ עַד‎).

3. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare), Isa 47:7 Thou saidst, I shall be for ever a lady, ‎עַד לֹא שַׂמְתְּ אֵלֶּה עַל לִבֵךְ‎ to the point that (going so far in thy pride that) thou didst not, etc. (but Hi Che Du al. join ‎גְּבֶרֶת עַד‎ I shall be for ever, a lady perpetually; see I. ‎עַד‎); Job 14:6 (Di De Bu Du) to the point that he may enjoy, etc., Isa 22:14 (Du). In Josh 17:14 ‎עַד אֲשֶׁר‎ ‎׳‎‎עַד כֹּה ֵ˜בּרְכַנִי י‎, read ‎עַל אֲשֶׁר‎ because that (Ges Buhl; compare Di).

III. ‎עַד לְ‎, a strengthened form for ‎עַד‎, found chiefly in Chronicles, Ezra, and occurring in most of the above senses. Thus

1. of space: ‎לְבוֺא חֲמָת עַד‎ Josh 13:5; Judg 3:3; 1Chr 13:5, ‎מִדְבָּ֫רָה‎ ‎׳‎‎עד ל‎ 1Chr 5:9, ‎מצרים‎ ‎׳‎‎עד ל‎ 2Chr 16:8 ‎עַד לְמִזְרַהּ הַגָּ֑יְא‎ 1Chr 4:39, ‎עַד לַמְצָד‎ 1Chr 12:17* ‎עַד לִגְרָר‎ 2Chr 14:12* ‎עַד לַשָּׁמַיִם‎ 2Chr 28:9; Ezra 9:6.

2. Of time: ‎עד לעולם‎ 1Chr 23:25; 1Chr 28:7 ‎לְמֵרָחוֺק עַד‎ 2Chr 26:15; Ezra 3:13; Ezra 9:4 ‎עד למנחת הערב‎; ‎עַד לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה‎ Ezra 10:14 probably during (Keil^Ges Be with regard to, strengthened for ‎לְ‎); followed by infinitive ‎עַד לַעֲלוֺת הַמִּנְחָה‎ 1Kgs 18:29 ‎עַד לִכְלוֺת‎ 1Chr 28:20; 2Chr 29:28 ‎עַד לְכַלֵּה‎ 2Chr 24:10; 2Chr 31:1 ‎עד להשׁחית‎ 2Chr 26:16 ‎עַד לָמוּת‎ 2Chr 32:24 (|| 2Kgs 20:1 ‎לָמוּת‎ alone); Ezra 10:14 ‎עד להשׁיב‎.

3. Of degree: ‎עַד לְמַחֲנֶה גָדוֺל‎ even unto (till there was) a great camp, 1Chr 12:23* ‎עַד לְמַ֫עְלָה‎ = exceedingly 2Chr 16:12; 2Chr 17:12; 2Chr 26:8 ‎עַד לִמְאֹד‎ 2Chr 16:14 ‎עַד לְשִׂמְחָה‎ 2Chr 29:30 ‎עַד לָרֹב‎ 2Chr 31:30 ‎עַד לְאֵין‎ ‎מַרְפֵּא‎ 2Chr 36:16.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References