Lexical Definition

‎τέ‎ té (teh) and/both ^G:CONJ
a primary particle (enclitic) of connection or addition

also, and, both, even, then, whether.

• both or also (properly, as correlation of ‎καί‎)

Abbott-Smith

τέ, enclitic copulative particle (= Lat. -que as καί = et, ac, atque), not very freq. in NT, more than two-thirds of the occurrences being in Ac.

1. τέ solitarium, and, denoting a closer affinity than καί between words and sentences which it connects (Bl., §77, 8): Mt 28:12, Jo 4:42, Ac 2:33, 37, 40 10:22 11:21, al.
2. Denoting a closer connection than simple καί, τὲ . . . καί, τὲ καί, τὲ . . . τέ (Ac 26:16 Ro 14:8), as well . . . as also, both . . . and: Lk 12:45, Ac 1:1 15:9 21:30, al.; τὲ . . . δέ, and . . . and, Ac 19:2; τὲ γάρ . . . ὁμοίως δὲ καί, Ro 1:26, 27.

Abbott-Smith References

Liddell-Scott-Jones

τε,

enclitic Particle, with two main uses (see. infr. A, B).

__A as a Conjunction,
__A.I τε.. τε, both.. and, joining single words, phrases, clauses, or sentences, the first τε merely pointing forward to the second, ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε [τε κακῶν τε 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 669; δίψῃ τε λιμῷ τε 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 491, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 34, 35, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 370, 375; τήν τε νῆσον τήν τε ἤπειρον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.8, compare 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 2.3.3, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 373b; λυσόμενός τε θύγατρα, φέρων τ᾽ ἀπερείσι᾽ ἄποινα 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.13; παῖδά τε σοὶ ἀγέμεν Φοίβῳ θ᾽ ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην ῥέξαι [prev. work] 443 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; the elements joined by τε.. τε are usually short in [Refs 8th c.BC+], longer in later Gr., e.g. ἐπειδὴ πρόξενοί τέ εἰσιν Ἀθηναίων καὶ εὐεργέται.., ἔν τε τῇ στήλῃ γέγραπται [τε γὰρ γῆ.. εὔυδρός ἐστι, ποταμοί τε δι᾽ αὐτῆς ῥέουσι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.47 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]; χρὴ.. τούς τε πρεσβυτέρους ὁμοιωθῆναι τοῖς πρὶν ἔργοις, τούς τε νεωτέρους.. μὴ αἰσχῦναι κτλ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τά τε γὰρ ληφθέντα πάντ᾽ ἂν σῴζοιτο οἵ τ᾽ ἀδικήσαντες κατ᾽ ἀξίαν λάβοιεν τὰ ἐπιτίμια Aen.[τε ἐχφόρια Χρυσέρμῳ δυνήσομαι ἀποδοῦναι, ἐγώ τε ἔσομαι παρὰ σοῦ φιλανθρωπίας τετευχώς “PEnteux.” 60.11 (3rd c.BC)">Refs 3rd c.BC+]; κλείειν τε τὰ βλέφαρα δεομένων ἐλπιζόντων τε κοιμηθήσεσθαι [Refs 2nd c.AD+], compare 495,501; this use is common at all times in οὔτε.. οὔτε, μήτε.. μήτε, εἴτε.. εἴτε (which see); τε may be used three or more times, ἔν τ᾽ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρί, ἔπος τ᾽ ἔφατ᾽ ἔκ τ᾽ ὀνόμαζεν [Refs 8th c.BC+] —ἑνδεκάτη τε δυωδεκάτη τε probably means the eleventh or twelfth, [Refs 8th c.BC+] —sometimes τε.. τε couples alternatives, ἀπόρως εἶχε δοῦναί τε μὴ δοῦναί τε [Refs 5th c.BC+]; hence we find τε.. ἢ.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; on ἢ (or ἦ).. τε in [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A.I.2 the first clause may be negative, the second affirmative, as ἐκκλησίαν τε οὐκ ἐποίει.., τήν τε πόλιν ἐφύλασσε [Refs 5th c.BC+]; but οὔτε.. τε is more frequently, as οὔτε ποσίν εἰμι ταχύς.., γιγνώσκω τε [τε 11.4)">Refs 5th c.BC+]; we also find οὐ.. τε.., as οὐχ ἡσύχαζον.., παρεκάλουν τε τοὺς ξυμμάχους [Refs 5th c.BC+]; and μὴ.. τε.., as ἵνα μή τι διαφύγῃ ἡμᾶς, εἴ τέ τι βούλει κτλ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.I.3 τε (both) sometimes corresponds to a following δέ (and), or τε (and) to a preceding μέν, e.g.
__A.I.3.a τε.. δὲ.., as κόμισαί τέ με, δὸς δέ μοι ἵππους [τερόν νιν ἔχεν, ἅ τε.. ἐπιχώριος.., ἀμφὶ δὲ παρδαλέᾳ στέγετο 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.80; διήκουέ τε.., ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ ἐπῄνεσε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.4.3 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; so with ἅμα δὲ καὶ.., ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ.., [τε.., ἀτὰρ οὖν καὶ.., [prev. author] “Hp.Ma.” 295e. ">Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.I.3.b μὲν.. τε.., ἄνδρα μὲν.., τρεῖς τε κασιγνήτους [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A.I.4 a single τε (and) joins a word, phrase, or (especially later) clause or sentence to what precedes, τελευτὴν κεφαλήν τε [τε [prev. work]c; Ζεῦ ἄλλοι τε θεοί 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.476; κύνεσσιν οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι 1.5; ῥίγησέν τ᾽ ἂρ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων variant for{δ᾽ ἂρ} in 11.254 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἕν τε οὐδὲν κατέστη ἴαμα.., σῶμά τε αὔταρκες ὂν οὐδὲν διεφάνη.., [τε ἱερὰ.. νεκρῶν πλέα ἦν.. [prev. work] 52; νόμοι τε πάντες ξυνεταράχθησαν [prev. passage]; δάκνει σ᾽ ἀδελφὸς ὅ τε θανὼν ἴσως πατήρ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 242, compare 253, 262, +others">Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἴς τε τὰς ἄλλας.. ἀθροίζεσθαι [τε ἀρχόντων.. [prev. work] 6, compare 10.8, +others">Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὅ τε γραφεὶς κύκλος.. [τε τούτοις φησὶν.. “PEnteux.” 63.18 (3rd c.BC)">Refs 3rd c.BC+]; χωρίς τε τούτων [τε ὑπ᾽ ἐμοῦ τὰ ἔρια οὐκ ἀποδίδωσί “PEnteux.” 2.6, compare 8.4, +others (3rd c.BC); γράψαι Ἀγαθοκλεῖ τῷ ἐπιστάτῃ διασαφῆσαί τε αὐτῷ [prev. work] 81.21 (3rd c.BC)">Refs 3rd c.BC+]; καθόλου τε.. [τε δύναμιν ἀκαθαιρέτους 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.21, compare 24, +others; ὄξει βαφικῷ στυπτηρίᾳ τε “PHolm.” 1.4, compare 1st c.BC: Geminus Astronomicus 16.6; χρὴ.. λαχάνων ἅπτεσθαι, κοιλίαν τε λύειν “Geoponica” 1.12.19, compare 2.2.2, +others">Refs 1st c.BC+]; this τε may be used any number of times, [NT+8th c.BC+]
__A.II τε.. καὶ.., or τε καὶ.., both.. and.., where τε points forward to καί, and usually need not be translated, e.g. Ἀτρείδης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν καὶ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς [τε δαμᾷ καὶ λοιμὸς Ἀχαιούς [prev. work] 61 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; δειλός τε καὶ οὐτιδανὸς καλεοίμην[τε καὶ ἀρτεμέα 7.308, compare 327, 338, +others">Refs]; τῆς τε γῆς ἐούσης ἐπιτηδέης καὶ τῶν ποταμῶν ἐόντων σφι συμμάχων [τε καὶ ἐπίσταται 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.35; ὁ φύς τε καὶ τραφείς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 396c; βάσιν τε γὰρ πάλιν τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχουσι τὴν ΖΒ καὶ.. 3rd c.BC: Euclides Geometra 1.47 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]; sometimes the elements joined by τε.. καὶ.. are joined in order to be compared or contrasted rather than simply joined, κάκιστος νῦν τε καὶ πάλαι δοκεῖ [τε ὕσταται ἐξαναχθεῖσαι καί κως κατεῖδον [prev. author] 7.194 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπαύσατό τε ὁ ἄνεμος καὶ τὸ κῦμα ἔστρωτο[τε καὶ τότε 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 24; χωρὶς τό τ᾽ εἰπεῖν πολλὰ καὶ τὰ καίρια 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 808; ὅσον τό τ᾽ ἄρχειν καὶ τὸ δουλεύειν δίχα 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 927 ">Refs 5th c.BC+]; sometimes (like τε.. τε) even used of alternatives, διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν, ἵππους τε στρέψαι καὶ ἐναντίβιον μαχέσασθαι [τε καὶ παρὰ δίκαν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.16; θεοῦ τε.. θέλοντος καὶ μὴ θέλοντος 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 427; πείσας τε.. καὶ μὴ τυχών 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.42:—on οἵ τε ἄλλοι καὶ.., e.g. τοῖς τε ἄλλοις ἅπασι καὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.249, and ἄλλως τε καὶ.., see.{ἄλλος} 11.6, ἄλλως 1.3. ">Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A.II.2 in this sense τ᾽ ἠδέ is only Epic dialect, σκῆπτρόν τ᾽ ἠδὲ θέμιστας [Refs 8th c.BC+]; also τε.., ἰδέ, χαλκόν τε ἰδὲ λόφον [Refs]
__A.II.3 καὶ.. τε, both.. and.. , is occasionally found, as καὶ μητέρα πατέρα τ᾽ [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.II.3.b καὶ.. τε perhaps means and.. also in καὶ ναυτικῷ τε ἅμα [τε τοὺς Ῥηγίνους [prev. author] 6.44; καὶ αὐτός τε [prev. author] 8.68; see below with 10. ">Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.II.4 τε.. τε or τε.. καὶ.. sometimes join elements which are not syntactically parallel, especially a participle and a finite verb, ἰοῖσίν τε τιτυσκόμενοι λάεσσί τ᾽ ἔβαλλον (for βάλλοντες) [τε ἐπιφραζόμενος καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐπεπόμφεε 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.85; ἀλλῳ τε τρόπῳ πειράζοντες καὶ μηχανὴν προσήγαγον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.100; τῆς τε ὥρας.. ταύτης οὔσης.., καὶ τὸ χωρίον.. χαλεπὸν ἦν [prev. author] 7.47, compare 4.85, 8.81, 95. ">Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A.II.5 the copulative τε[Refs] it is found about 150 times in [NT]
__B In Epic dialect (more rarely in other dactylic verse, see below [Refs] τε stands in general or frequentative statements or in statements of what is well known; such statements are frequently made as justifications of a preceding particular statement or of a preceding exhortation to a particular person or persons; the sense of τε thus approaches that of τοι (compare τοι and τε in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; although associated with numerous particles and other words of particular types (see. below) its meaning remains independent of these and applies to the whole sentence in which it stands: αἶψά τε φυλόπιδος πέλεται κόρος ἀνθρώποισιν [τε πάντα ἴσασιν 4.379, compare 5.79, 447, 10.306, 17.485, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.497, 16.688, 17.176, 21.264; ξυνὸς Ἐνυάλιος καί τε κτανέοντα κατέκτα 18.309, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.537, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.526; ἤ τ᾽ ἔβλητ᾽ ἤ τ᾽ ἔβαλ᾽ ἄλλον 11.410; οὐ μὲν γάρ τε κακὸν βασιλευέμεν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.392; οἳ φύλλοισιν ἐοικότες ἄλλοτε μέν τε ζαφλεγέες τελέθουσιν.. ἄλλοτε δὲ.. 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.464; ἄλλος γάρ τ᾽ ἄλλοισιν ἀνὴρ ἐπιτέρπεται ἔργοις 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.228, compare 8.169, 170, 15.400; τοῦ γάρ τε ξεῖνος μιμνήσκεται ἤματα πάντα, ἀνδρὸς ξεινοδόκου, ὅς κεν φιλότητα παράσχῃ [prev. work] 54, compare 17.322; ῥεχθὲν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.32; παθὼν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 218; αἰεὶ γάρ τε νεώτεροι ἀφραδέουσιν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.294 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; δύσζηλοι γάρ τ᾽ εἰμὲν ἐπὶ χθονὶ φῦλ᾽ ἀνθρώπων[τε πολλοὶ ἐπαυρίσκοντ᾽ ἄνθρωποι, καί τε πολέας ἐσάωσε 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.733 - 4; τοῦ μὲν γάρ τε κακοῦ τρέπεται χρὼς ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ, ἐν δέ τέ οἱ κραδίη στέρνοισι πατάσσει.., πάταγος δέ τε γίγνετ᾽ ὀδόντων [prev. work] 279 - 83; ὀλίγη δέ τ᾽ ἀνάπνευσις πολέμοιο 18.201; νέῳ δέ τε πάντ᾽ ἐπέοικεν.. κεῖσθαι 22.71; κατέλεξεν ἅπαντα κήδε᾽ ὅσ᾽ ἀνθρώποισι πέλει, τῶν ἄστυ ἁλώῃ· ἄνδρας μὲν κτείνουσι, πόλιν δέ τε πῦρ ἀμαθύνει, τέκνα δέ τ᾽ ἄλλοι ἄγουσι, βαθυζώνους τε γυναῖκας 9.592 - 4, compare 22.492, 495, 499 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; νεμεσσῶμαί γε μὲν οὐδέν· καὶ γάρ τίς τ᾽ ἀλλοῖον ὀδύρεται ἄνδρ᾽ ὀλέσασα.. ἢ Ὀδυσῆ᾽ [τε χερείονι πείθεθ᾽ ἑταίρῳ.., αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ θεός εἰμι 20.45, compare 23.118, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.292, 9.632; νῦν δὲ μνησώμεθα δόρπου· καὶ γάρ τ᾽ ἠΰκομος Νιόβη ἐμνήσατο σίτου κτλ. 24.602 (where a general inference is implied)">Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὃν Βριάρεων καλέουσι θεοί, ἄνδρες δέ τε πάντες Αἰγαίων᾽ [Refs]; sometimes of repeated action by particular persons, ἄλλοτε μέν τε γόῳ φρένα τέρπομαι [τε σύ, Κάλχαν, εὐχόμενος.. θεοπροπίας ἀναφαίνεις 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.86 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἡ δὲ.. μ᾽ αἰεὶ.. νεικεῖ, καί τέ μέ φησι μάχῃ Τρώεσσιν ἀρήγειν[Refs]
__B.2 in exhortations addressed to an individual, a subsidiary sentence or relative clause in which he is reminded of his special or characteristic sphere of activity is marked by τε, e.g. Ἑρμεία, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε φίλτατόν ἐστιν ἀνδρὶ ἑταιρίσσαι καί τ᾽ ἔκλυες ᾧ κ᾽ ἐθέλῃσθα, βάσκ᾽ ἴθι.. [τε μάλιστά γε λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν πείσονται μύθοισι.., νῦν δ᾽ ἀπὸ πυρκαϊῆς σκέδασον.. 23.156; δεῦρο δὴ ὄρσο, γρηῢ.., ἥ τε γυναικῶν δμῳάων σκοπός ἐσσι.., ἔρχεο 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.395, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.249. ">Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.3 similarly in general and frequentative statements consisting of two clauses (one of which may be a relative clause, frequently containing the subjunctive or optative), in which the fulfilment of the condition stated in the subsidiary or subordinate clause is declared to be generally or always followed by the result stated in the principal clause, either or both clauses may contain τε:
__B.3.a the principal clause alone contains τε, ὅς κε θεοῖς ἐπιπείθηται, μάλα τ᾽ ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ [τε κλέος εὐρὺ διὰ ξεῖνοι φορέουσι πάντας ἐπ᾽ ἀνθρώπους, πολλοί τέ μιν ἐσθλὸν ἔειπον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.333; εἴ περ γὰρ θυμῷ γε μενοινάᾳ πολεμίζειν, ἀλλά τε λάθρῃ γυῖα βαρύνεται.., βλάβεται δέ τε γούνατ᾽ ἰόντι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.165 - 6; ᾧ μέν κ᾽ ἀμμείξας δώῃ Ζεὺς τερπικέραυνος, ἄλλοτε μέν τε κακῷ ὅ γε κύρεται ἄλλοτε δ᾽ ἐσθλῷ 24.530. ">Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.3.b the subordinate clause alone contains τε, λάζετο δ᾽ ἔγχος.. τῷ δάμνησι στίχας ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων οἷσίν τε κοτέσσεται ὀβριμοπάτρη [τε Κρονίων ὄλβον ἐπικλώση 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.207; ἀντί νυ πολλῶν λαῶν ἐστιν ἀνὴρ ὅν τε Ζεὺς κῆρι φιλήσῃ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.117, compare 7.298, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.287, 7.74, 8.547, 18.276; with \_optative\_, ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρώτιστος.. ἕλεσκον ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων ὅ τέ μοι εἴξειε πόδεσσι 14.221 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]: it is probably that τε has been replaced by κε in the text of [Refs 8th c.BC+], and some other passages in which κε seems to be used, exceptionally, in general relative clauses.
__B.3.c both clauses contain τε, ὃς μέν τ᾽ αἰδέσεται κούρας Διὸς ἆσσον ἰούσας, τὸν δὲ μέγ᾽ ὤνησαν καί τ᾽ ἔκλυον εὐχομένοιο [τε χόλον γε καὶ αὐτῆμαρ καταπέψῃ, ἀλλά τε καὶ μετόπισθεν ἔχει κότον 1.82 - 3. ">Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.4 in the subordinate clause of a collective sentence, in which the principal clause states something to be true of all those (i.e. each individual) to whom the predicate of the subordinate clause applies, ὑπόσχωμαι.. κτήματα.. πάντα μάλ᾽ ὅσσα τ᾽ Ἀλέξανδρος.. ἠγάγετο Τροίηνδ᾽.. δωσέμεν [τε γαῖαν ἔπι πνείει τε καὶ ἕρπει 17.447, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.131, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.105; βάλλειν ἄγρια πάντα τά τε τρέφει οὔρεσιν ὕλη 5.52, compare 18.485. ">Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.5 in relative clauses (and in parenthetic principal clauses) which indicate what is customary, ἐπεὶ οὐχ ἱερήϊον οὐδὲ βοείην ἀρνύσθην, ἅ τε ποσσὶν ἀέθλια γίγνεται ἀνδρῶν which are the usual prizes.., [τε θεῶν τε, τά τε κλείουσιν ἀοιδοί 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.338, compare 3.435, 4.85, 13.410, 14.226, 17.423, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.332; κύματος ἐξαναδύς, τά τ᾽ ἐρεύγεται ἤπειρόνδε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.438; μολπή τ᾽ ὀρχηστύς τε, τὰ γάρ τ᾽ ἀναθήματα δαιτός 1.152 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]: similarly in clauses with οἷά τε (πολλά), κῆτος ἐπισσεύῃ μέγα δαίμων ἐξ ἁλός, οἷά τε πολλὰ τρέφει.. Ἀμφιτρίτη [τε πολλὰ μετ᾽ ἀνθρώποισι πέλονται 8.160, compare 11.364, 14.63, 15.324, 379. ">Refs]
__B.6 in relative clauses indicating what is true of all persons or things denoted by the same word, οὐ γάρ τις νήσων ἱππήλατος οὐδ᾽ εὐλείμων αἵ θ᾽ ἁλὶ κεκλίαται no one of the islands which lie in the sea (as all islands do, i.e. no island at all), [τε μάλιστα κήδιστοι τελέθουσι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.582; αἰετοῦ οἴματ᾽ ἔχων.. ὅς θ᾽ ἅμα κάρτιστός τε καὶ ὤκιστος πετεηνῶν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.252, compare 24.294; οὐδέ μιν εἰσοιχνεῦσι κυνηγέται, οἵ τε καθ᾽ ὕλην ἄλγεα πάσχουσιν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.120; δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας πρὸς Διὸς εἰρύαται 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.238, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.67, 101, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.279, 19.31, 24.415; οἶνός σε τρώει.., ὅς τε καὶ ἄλλους βλάπτει 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.293, compare 14.464; πάρφασις, ἥ τ᾽ ἔκλεψε νόον πύκα περ φρονεόντων 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.217; οἰκωφελίη, ἥ τε τρέφει ἀγλαὰ τέκνα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.223. ">Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.7 when the antecedent is a definite group of gods or men, the relative clause with τε indicates an essential characteristic of the antecedent, Ἐρινύες, αἵ θ᾽ ὑπὸ γαῖαν ἀνθρώπους τείνυνται [τε πάντας ἀνθρώπους θέλγουσιν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.39; Φαίηκές μ᾽ ἄγαγον ναυσίκλυτοι, οἵ τε καὶ ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους πέμπουσιν 16.227, compare 20.187; νυμφάων αἵ τ᾽ ἄλσεα καλὰ νέμονται καὶ πηγὰς ποταμῶν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.8; Λωτοφάγων, οἵ τ᾽ ἄνθινον εἶδαρ ἔδουσι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.84: similarly when the antecedent is an individual person (including god)">Refs 8th c.BC+] or thing, the relative clause with τε indicates one of his or its general or essential characteristics or aspects, οὐ μὰ Ζῆν᾽ ὅς τίς τε θεῶν ὕπατος καὶ ἄριστος [τε πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἔργοισι χάριν καὶ κῦδος ὀπάζει 15.319; Λάμπον καὶ Φαέθονθ᾽, οἵ τ᾽ Ἠῶ πῶλοι ἄγουσι 23.246; Τειρεσίαο μάντιος ἀλαοῦ, τοῦ τε φρένες ἔμπεδοί εἰσι 10.493; τεύχεα δύνεις ἀνδρὸς ἀριστῆος, τόν τε τρομέουσι καὶ ἄλλοι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.203, compare 7.112 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; κεῖται ἀνὴρ ὅν τ᾽ (variant{ὃν}) ἶσον ἐτίομεν Ἕκτορι δίῳ, Αἰνείας [Refs]; the relative clause sometimes indicates what is customary, οὐδέ σε λήθω τιμῆς ἧς τέ μ᾽ ἔοικε τετιμῆσθαι μετ᾽ Ἀχαιοῖς [τε μῆλα οἶος ποιμαίνεσκε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.187; τῶν πάντων οὐ τόσσον ὀδύρομαι.. ὡς ἑνός, ὅς τέ μοι ὕπνον ἀπεχθαίρει καὶ ἐδωδὴν μνωομένῳ 4.105; σῆς ἀλόχου.. ἥ τέ τοι αὔτως ἧσται ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν 13.336; καὶ κήρυκα Μέδοντα σαώσομεν, ὅς τέ μευ αἰεὶ.. κηδέσκετο 22.357, compare 346. ">Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.8 τε is used in descriptions of particular places or things when attention is called to their peculiar or characteristic features, or their position, e.g. Λιβύην, ἵνα τ᾽ ἄρνες ἄφαρ κεραοὶ τελέθουσι [τεροι εὐνάζοντο 5.65, compare 9.124, 13.99, 100, 107, 109, 244 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἓξ δέ τέ οἱ (i.e. Σκύλλῃ) δειραὶ περιμήκεες [Refs]; ἐν δέ τε Γοργείη κεφαλή (in Athena's αἰγίς) [Refs 8th c.BC+]; χαλεπὸν δέ τ᾽ ὀρύσσειν ἀνδράσι γε θνητοῖσι (i.e. μῶλυ) [τε πύλαι ἀμενηνῶν εἰσὶν ὀνείρων 19.562 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; sometimes τε draws attention to a well-known custom or permanent feature, ἀρξάμενοι τοῦ χώρου, ὅθεν τέ περ οἰνοχοεύει [τε Τρῶας σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν, ἔνθα τε νῆες εἰρύατ᾽ εὔπρυμνοι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.247, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.266; ἐν ποταμῷ, ὅθι τ᾽ ἀρδμὸς ἔην πάντεσσι βοτοῖσιν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.521, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.353. ">Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.9 a part of the anatomy is defined by a clause (containing τε) which indicates a feature which universally belongs to it, κατ᾽ ἰσχίον, ἔνθα τε μηρὸς ἰσχίῳ ἐνστρέφεται [Refs 8th c.BC+]; similarly a point of time is defined, ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ, ὅτε τ᾽ ἤματα μακρὰ πέλονται [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.10 τε is used in relative clauses which define a measurement of a particular thing or action by reference to the measurement (in general) of some thing or action well known in daily life, γεφύρωσεν δὲ κέλευθον μακρὴν ἠδ᾽ εὐρεῖαν, ὅσον τ᾽ ἐπὶ δουρὸς ἐρωὴ γίγνεται [τε τόσσον ἀπῆν ὅσσον τε γέγωνε βοήσας 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.473, compare 3.321, +others">Refs 8th c.BC+]; more rarely the definition is by reference to the measurement of a particular thing or action, ἤσθιε.. ἕως ὅ τ᾽ ἀοιδὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἄειδεν[Refs]
__B.11 the frequently use of τε B in similes is to be explained under one or other of the {ταώς} heads, e.g. when reference is made to generally known kinds of things or natural phenomena, to human experience in daily life, or to well-known phenomena of the animal world, [τε, ὅς ῥά τε, etc., 3.61, 151, 198, +others; or by ὥς τε, ἠΰτε, ὥς τίς τε, etc., e.g. 5.136, 17.133, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.535, ὡς εἴ τε 9.314, 14.254, etc. ">Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.II in post-[Refs 8th c.BC+] Gr. this use of τε is more restricted; outside of Epic dialect and other early dactylic verse [τε in Lyric poetry and Trag. is for the most part only ={ὅς}, e.g. (possibly generalizing) Μοῖρ᾽, ἅ τε πατρώϊον τῶνδ᾽ ἔχει τὸν εὔφρονα πότμον 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.35, compare 14.2, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 1024, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 445 (Lyric poetry), etc. (see. ὅστε)">Refs 8th c.BC+]; without generalizing force, [τε 1.74, ὅκως τε 2.108 codices, ὅσον τε">Refs 5th c.BC+] (without a verb, as in [τε 1.93 codices (adverbially 2.175, 5.11): in \_Attic dialect\_ Prose and Comedy texts even these uses disappear and we find only a few phrases, as ἅτε, ὥστε, ἐφ᾽ ᾧτε, οἷός τε">Refs 8th c.BC+]; in later Gr. we find exceptionally ἔνθεν τε [τε “UPZ” 62.8 (2nd c.BC)">Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀπ᾽ οὗ τε [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; οἵ τε [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; ἥ τ᾽ [τε ὀκτὼ στάδια 2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 6.26.1 ">Refs 2nd c.AD+]; καὶ ἔστιν ἔπη Μαντικὰ ὁπόσα τε (= which) ἐπελεξάμεθα καὶ ἡμεῖς [τε καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς κύων φωνῆς θεωροῦμεν 2nd c.AD: Sextus Empiricus Philosophus “adversus Mathematicos” 11.28. ">Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__C in [Refs 8th c.BC+] τε is also (but less frequently) used in conjunction with other particles in contexts (mainly particular statements) such as the following:
__C.1 in assurances, statements on oath, and threats, σχέτλιος, ἦ τ᾽ ἐκέλευον ἀπωσάμενον δήϊον πῦρ ἂψ ἐπὶ νῆας ἴμεν [τε is similarly used in 11.391, 17.171, 236, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.28, 311, +others">Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἦ τ᾽ ἄν in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; γάρ τε (assuming variant) in οὐ γάρ τ᾽ οἶδα [τε in 1.60, 347 ">Refs 8th c.BC+] (but τ᾽ more probably = τοι, see at {σύ}); δέ τε in ἀγορῇ δέ τ᾽ ἀμείνονές εἰσι καὶ ἄλλοι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; μέν τε in σφὼ μέν τε σαώσετε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν [Refs]; εἴ πέρ τε in οὔ τοι ἔτι δηρόν γε φίλης ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης ἔσσεται, οὐδ᾽ εἴ πέρ τε σιδήρεα δέσματ᾽ ἔχῃσιν [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__C.2 also in commands, warnings, and admonitions, σίγα, μή τίς τ᾽ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν τοῦτον ἀκούσῃ μῦθον [τε νοήσῃ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.337 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; τούσδε τ᾽ (variant δ᾽) ἐᾶν [Refs]
__C.3 also in passionate utterances, in clauses which indicate the cause of the speaker's passion or a circumstance which might have caused others to behave more considerately towards him, ὤ μοι ἐγὼ δειλή.. ἥ τ᾽.. τὸν μὲν.. θρέψασα.. ἐπιπροέηκα [τε, θεοί, ζηλήμονες ἔξοχον ἄλλων, οἵ τε θεαῖς ἀγάασθε.. ἤν τίς τε.. 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.119, 120, compare 21.87, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.468, 17.174 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἡμεῖς δ᾽ αὖ μαχόμεσθ᾽, οἵ πέρ τ᾽ ἐπίκουροι ἔνειμεν and we, who (mark you) are only allies (not γαμβροί and κασίγνητοι), are fighting, [Refs]; τρεῖς γάρ τ᾽ ἐκ Κρόνου εἰμὲν ἀδελφεοί for we, let me tell you, are three brothers, sons of Cronos (and Zeus has no prior title to power),[τε· νεμεσσῶμαι δέ τ᾽ ἀκούων 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.169; οὐ μήν οἱ τό γε κάλλιον οὐδέ τ᾽ ἄμεινον 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.52. ">Refs 8th c.BC+]
__C.4 in descriptions of particular events and things where there is no general reference, κνίση μὲν ἀνήνοθεν, ἐν δέ τε φόρμιγξ ἠπύει [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὥς (= so) τέ μοι ὑβρίζοντες ὑπερφιάλως δοκέουσιν δαίνυσθαι κατὰ δῶμα [Refs 8th c.BC+]; πόλιν πέρι δινηθήτην καρπαλίμοισι πόδεσσι, θεοὶ δέ τε πάντες ὁρῶντο uncertain [τε φάρμακον ἧκε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.317; νῶϊ δέ τ᾽ ἄψορροι κίομεν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.456; πολλὰς γὰρ δὴ νύκτας.. ἄεσα καί τ᾽ ἀνέμεινα.. Ἠῶ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.342; δέελον δ᾽ ἐπὶ σῆμά τ᾽ ἔθηκε 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.466; ἐν δέ τε οἶνον κρητῆρσιν κερόωντο 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.252 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; so with οὐδέ τ᾽ (nisi to be read οὐδ᾽ ἔτ᾽), τὸν καὶ ὑπέδδεισαν μάκαρες θεοὶ οὐδέ τ᾽ ἔδησαν [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__C.5 ὅτε τε (when) frequently introduces a temporal clause defining a point of time in the past by means of a well-known event which occurred then, ἦ οὐ μέμνῃ ὅτε τ᾽ ἐκρέμω ὑψόθε; [τε τε Κρόνον.. Ζεὺς γαίης νέρθε καθεῖσε 14.203; ἤματι τῷ ὅτε τ᾽ ἦλθον Ἀμαζόνες 3.189 (but ἤματι τῷ ὅτε τε is general in 13.335 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; so also ὅτε πέρ τε.. κέρωνται[τε τ᾽ ἤλυθε νόσφιν Ἀχαιῶν ἄγγελος ἐς Θήβας 5.803, compare 10.286, 22.102, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.323, 18.257. ">Refs 8th c.BC+]
__C.6 in ὅ τε (that or because) the τε has no observable meaning, χωόμενος ὅ τ᾽ ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲν ἔτισας [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__C.7 ἐπεί τε = {ἐπεί} (when) is rare in [τε. ">Refs 8th c.BC+]
__C.8 where τ᾽ ἄρ occurs in questions, e.g. πῇ τ᾽ ἂρ μέμονας καταδῦναι ὅμιλο; [Refs 8th c.BC+], ταρ (which see) should probably be read, since ἄρ (α) usually precedes a τε which is not copulative; so perhaps ταρα should be read for τ᾽ ἄρα in [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__C.9 in ἣ θέμις ἐστὶν.. ἤ τ᾽ ἀνδρῶν ἤ τε γυναικῶν [Refs 8th c.BC+], it is not clear whether τε is copulative (τε A) or generalizing (τε B) or neither (τε C); ἤ is probably ={ἦ} (accented as in ἤτοι (; ἤ τ᾽ ἀλκῆς ἤ τε φόβοιο is uncertain reading in [Refs]; ἤ τ᾽ = or is found in [Refs]than in [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__C.10 Rarer and later uses;
__C.10.a also, especially with ἄλλος, Ἑρμεία, σὺ γὰρ αὖτε τά τ᾽ ἄλλα περ ἄγγελός ἐσσι [τε ἄλλα πράττουσιν καλῶς, ἀναθεῖναι αὐτοὺς καὶ στήλην “IG” 22.1298.9, compare 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 100 (assuming variant); ἐκομισάμην τὸ παρὰ σοῦ ἐπιστόλιον, ἐν ᾧ ὑπέγραψάς μοι τήν τε παρὰ Ζήνωνος πρὸς Ἰεδδοῦν γεγραμμένην “PCair.Zen.” 18.1 (3rd c.BC)">Refs 8th c.BC+]; εἰ οὖν περὶ τούτων ἐπιστροφὴν μὴ ποιήσει, οἵ τε λοιποί μοι τὰς χεῖρας προσοίσουσιν (-σωσιν Papyrus) [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; τῶν δὲ παρὰ ταῦτα ποιησόντων τά τε κτήνη ὑπὸ στέρεσιν ἀχθήσεσθαι πρὸς τὰ ἐκφόρια [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; see above [Refs 4th c.BC+]
__C.10.b with ὅδε, adding a slight emphasis to the preceding word, εἰ δὴ τήνδε τε γαῖαν ἀνείρεαι [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__C.10.c τε γάρ rarely ={καὶ γάρ} or γάρ, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἐάν τε γάρ for even if, [NT]; τήν τε γὰρ ἐπιθυμίαν οὐκ ᾔδειν for I had not known even lust. [NT]
__D Position of τε:
__D.1 in signf. A, as an enclitic, it stands second word in the sentence, clause, or phrase, regardless of the meaning: ἐγγύθι τε Πριάμοιο καὶ Ἕκτορος near both Priam and Hector, [τεραί τ᾽ ἄλοχοι καὶ νήπια τέκνα 2.136, compare 4.505, 7.295; αἰεί τε δὴ νηλὴς οὺ καὶ θράσους πλέως 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 42 codices, compare 291 (\_anapaest meter\_); ἄνευ τε δόλου καὶ ἀπάτης 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.69; ὑπέρ τε σοῦ καὶ τῆς ἀδελφῆς “PEnteux.” 6.6 (3rd c.BC)">Refs 8th c.BC+]; τοῖς τε πόνοις καὶ μαθήμασι [Refs 5th c.BC+]: but article + noun, preposition + noun are frequently regarded as forming a unity indivisible by τε, τοῖς κτανοῦσί τε [τε [prev. author] “Pr.” 210 ">Refs 4th c.BC+]; also the order is frequently determined by the meaning, τε being placed immediately after the word (or first word of a phrase or clause) which it joins to what precedes or to what follows, πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε [τε καὶ πάτρας 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 665 ">Refs 8th c.BC+]; the copulative or preparatory τε precedes many other particles, e.g. τε γάρ, τ᾽ ἄρα, τέ τις.
__D.2 τε is enclitic in signfs. B, C also, and stands early in its sentence, clause, or phrase (see. above), but many particles which follow τε in signf. A precede it in signfs. B, C, e.g. in signfs. B, C we have δέ τε, μέν τε, γάρ τε, ἀλλά τε, δ᾽ ἄρα τε, ὅς ῥά τε, οὔτ᾽ ἄρ τε, καὶ γάρ τίς τε, ὅς τίς τε, καί τε.
__E Etymology: signf. A is found also in Sanskrit ca, Latin -que; for signfs. B and c cf. Sanskrit ca in yá[hudot] káś ca 'whosoever (with following verb)', Latin -que in quisque, ubique, plerique, usque, neque, nec (= non in necopinans, etc.), Gothic ni-h 'not' (also 'and not'), Latin namque (= nam).

_{LSJ Scripture Refs: Acts.2.43 ☩ 2Cor.10.8 ☩ Rom.7.7}