Lexical Definition

‎חֹדֶשׁ‎ chôdesh (kho'-desh) month ^H:N-M
from ‎חָדַשׁ‎

month(-ly), new moon.

• the new moon
• by implication, a month

1) the new moon, month, monthly
1a) the first day of the month
1b) the lunar month

See Greek: ἑορτή · ἡμέρα · μήν · νουμηνία

Extended Information

• : month

Brown-Driver-Briggs

I. ‎חֹ֫דֶשׁ‎₂₈₂ noun masculine^{Gen 7:11} (feminine ᵑ0 Gen 38:24 but masculine Sam Di) (newness), new moon, month (on formation compare Lg^{BN 144}; on usage, names, etc., Muss-Arn^{JBL 1892, 72 ff., 160 ff.}) — ‎׳‎‎ח‎ absolute Gen 7:11 +; construct (rare) Gen 29:14 +; suffix ‎חָדְשׁוֺ‎ Num 28:14 + 2 t.; ‎חָדְשָׁהּ‎ Hos 2:13*; Jer 2:24 plural ‎חֳדָשִׁים‎ Gen 38:24 +; construct ‎חָדְשֵׁי‎ Exod 12:2 + 2 t.; suffix ‎חֳדָשָׁיו‎ Job 14:5 + 2 t.; ‎חָדְשֵׁיכֶם‎ Isa 1:14; Num 28:11 ‎חָדְשֵׁכֶם‎ Num 10:10 —

1. new moon = day, time, of new moon, as religious festival 1Sam 20:5; 1Sam 20:18; 1Sam 20:24; 1Sam 20:27; 1Sam 20:34 (Dr); compare ‎׳‎‎יאֹכְלֵם ח‎ Hos 5:7 a new moon shall devour them, Hi St VB, but on text see We; usually || ‎שַׁבָּת‎ Amos 8:5; 2Kgs 4:23; Isa 1:13 (+ ‎קְרֹא‎ ‎מִקְרָא‎), ‎מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֺ‎ Isa 66:23, Ezek 46:1; Ezek 46:6 (both ‎׳‎‎יוֺם הַח‎), 1Chr 23:31; 2Chr 2:3*; 2Chr 8:13; 2Chr 31:3; Neh 10:34* (all + ‎מוֺעֵד‎), Hos 2:13*; Ezek 45:17 (both + ‎חג‎, ‎מועד‎); || ‎מוֺעֵד‎ alone Isa 1:14; Ezek 3:5 || ‎יוֺם חַגֵּנוּ‎ Ps 81:4* (compare ‎׳‎‎ראֹשׁ הַח‎ Num 10:10; Num 28:11 on religious observance of new moon compare Di^{Lv p. 578 f} Benz^{Archäol. § 69}); as time of augury in Babylon (astrological prognostication) Isa 47:13.

2. month (as beginning with new moon, lunar month; compare Benz^{Archäol. § 30}, but then, without reference to day of beginning);
a. as measure of time during which Gen 38:24 (J), Num 11:20; Num 11:21 (JE), Num 9:22 (P), Judg 11:37; Judg 11:38; Judg 11:39; Judg 20:47; 1Sam 6:1; 1Sam 27:7; 2Sam 2:11; 2Sam 5:5; 2Sam 6:11; 2Sam 24:8; 2Sam 24:13 = 1Chr 21:12; Amos 4:7; 1Kgs 4:7; 1Kgs 5:7*; 1Kgs 5:28* (3 t. in verse); 1Kgs 11:16; 2Kgs 15:8; 2Kgs 23:31; 2Kgs 24:8; Ezek 39:12; Ezek 39:14; 1Chr 3:4; 1Chr 13:14; 2Chr 36:2; 2Chr 36:9; Esth 2:12 (3 t. in verse). In 1Sam 10:27b read probably ‎כְּמֵחֹדֶשׁ‎ for ᵑ0 ‎כמחרישׁ‎, and join to 1Sam 11:1, so ᵐ5 We Dr (compare Gen 38:24); in combinations, ‎יָמִים‎ ‎׳‎‎ח‎ a month (of) time (compare ‎יֶרַח ימים‎ Deut 21:1; 2Kgs 15:13) Gen 29:14 (J), Num 11:20; Num 11:26 (JE), ‎׳‎‎ימים ארבעה ח‎ Judg 19:2 of age ‎׳‎‎מִסְפַּרחֿ‎ number of his months =length of his life Job 14:5; Job 21:21 compare especially ‎׳‎‎בֶּןחֿ‎ Lev 27:6; Num 3:15; Num 3:22; Num 3:28; Num 3:34; Num 3:39; Num 3:40; Num 3:43; Num 18:16; Num 26:22 (all P).
b. calendar months, (1) with names ‎הָאָבִיב‎ ‎׳‎‎ח‎ Exod 13:4; Exod 23:15; Exod 34:18 (twice in verse) (all J E; = 1st month Exod 12:2 P), Deut 16:11 ‎זִו‎ ‎׳‎‎ח‎ 1Kgs 6:1 ( = 2nd mo. ib.; = ‎יֶרַח זִו‎ v1Kgs 6:37); compare 1Kgs 8:2 (‎הַשְּׁבִיעִי‎ ‎׳‎‎הַח‎ = ‎יֶרַךְ הָאֵתָנִים‎), 1Kgs 6:38 (‎הַשְּׁמִינִי‎ ‎׳‎‎הַח‎ = ‎יֶרַח בּוּל‎); in the post-exilic books occur Babylonian names (see the several words): — ‎נִיסָן‎ ‎׳‎‎ח‎ Neh 2:1; Esth 3:7 ( = 1st mo. Esth 3:7); ‎סִיוָן‎ ‎׳‎‎ח‎ Esth 8:9 = 3rd mo.; ‎כִּסְלֵו‎ ‎׳‎‎ח‎ Zech 7:1; Neh 1:1 ( = 9th mo. Zech 7:1); ‎טֵבֵ֑ת‎ ‎׳‎‎ח‎ Esth 2:16 = 10th mo.; ‎שְׁבָט‎ ‎׳‎‎ח‎ Zech 1:7 = 11th mo.; ‎אֲדָר‎ ‎׳‎‎ח‎ Esth 3:7; Esth 3:13; Esth 8:12; Esth 9:1 in all = 12th mo., Esth 9:15; Esth 9:17; Esth 9:19; Esth 9:21 (compare also ‎אֱלוּל‎ Neh 6:15, without ‎׳‎‎ח‎ or ‎יֶרַךְ‎; this was 6th mo.; see further Schr^{COT Neh 1:1} Benz^l.c.). (2) merely numbered (chiefly P and late) e.g. ‎הַשֵּׁנִי‎ ‎׳‎‎בַּח‎ Gen 7:11, compare Gen 8:4; Gen 8:5; Gen 8:14; Lev 16:29; Num 1:1; Num 1:18 (all P) + often P; Deut 1:3 (P), 1Kgs 12:32; 1Kgs 12:33; 1Kgs 25:1; 1Kgs 25:3; 1Kgs 25:8; 1Kgs 25:25; 1Kgs 25:27; + 11 t. Jeremiah; Ezek 24:1; Ezek 32:1; Hag 1:1; Hag 1:15; Zech 1:1; Zech 7:1; Zech 7:13; 1Chr 12:15*, compare entire list 1Chr 27:2-15; 2Chr 3:2 + 12 t. 2 Chronicles; Ezra 3:1 + 10 t. Ezra; Neh 7:72*; Neh 8:2; Neh 8:14; Esth 3:12 note especially ‎הַזֶּה לָכֶם ראֹשׁ חָדָשִׁ֑ים רִאשׁוֺן הוּא לָכֶם‎ ‎׳‎‎הַח‎ Exod 12:2 (P), as implying that the 1st mo. was formerly not in the spring; observe also usage of omitting ‎׳‎‎ח‎, e.g. ‎בָּרִאשׁוֺן‎ = ‎׳‎‎הָר‎ ‎׳‎‎בַּח‎ Gen 8:13, compare vGen 8:5 so commonly in Ezek.: — Ezek 1:1; Ezek 8:1; Ezek 20:1; Ezek 29:1; Ezek 29:17; Ezek 30:20; Ezek 31:1; Ezek 33:21; Ezek 45:18; Ezek 45:21; Ezek 45:25 + Ezek 26:1; Ezek 32:17; Ezek 45:20 Co; (‎׳‎‎ח‎ sometimes expressed, see Ezek 24:1; Ezek 32:1 above; on like usage with ‎יום‎ see ‎יום‎). (3) special phrases and usages are: — ‎עֹלַת חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֺ לְחָדְשֵׁי שָׁנָה‎ Num 28:14 (P; compare ‎יום‎, and Isa 66:23 above

1.); ‎מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם וּמֵחֹדֶשׁ לְחֹדֶשׁ‎ Esth 3:7 from day to day and from month to month; ‎חָדְשָׁהּ‎ Jer 2:24 of wild she-ass's mating time.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References