Lexical Definition

‎גִּלְעָד‎ Gilʻâd (ghil-awd') Gilead ^N:N--L
probably from ‎גַּלְעֵד‎

Gilead, Gileadite.

• § n pr loc Gilead = "rocky region"
• Gilad, a region East of the Jordan
• also the name of three Israelites

1) a mountainous region bounded on the west by the Jordan, on the north by Bashan, on the east by the Arabian plateau, and on the south by Moab and Ammon; sometimes called 'Mount Gilead' or the 'land of Gilead' or just 'Gilead'. Divided into north and south Gilead
2) a city (with prefix 'Jabesh')
3) the people of the region
n pr m
4) son of Machir and grandson of Manasseh
5) father of Jephthah
6) a Gadite

Brown-Driver-Briggs

‎גִּלְעָד‎ proper name, of a location of mountain-range or hill-country, land & city, east of Jordan (compare Arabic durus, fortis Frey, so Thes; Hi^{Geschichte. Israel 26} compare same √ used of camel ( camelus robustus ac firmus, compare Hom^{NS 144}), whence camel hump, originally name of mountain) — ‎׳‎‎ג‎ Gen 37:25 + 79 t. (mostly as proper name, masculine and in combination with other proper name, of a location compare below); ‎׳‎‎הַגּ‎ Gen 31:21 + 50 t. (so usually as name of mountain and land); ‎גִּלְעָ֫דָה‎ Num 32:39; 1Chr 27:21 ‎הִגְּלְעָ֫דָה‎ 2Sam 24:6 — Gilead, used of territory between the Arnon and the Jabbok, modern Bel‡a; also of that between the Jabbok and the Jarmuk, modern Jebel Ajlûn; also of the entire east Jordan land occupied by Israel, including both the parts just named (compare Di Gen 31:54 Stu Judg 10:4 Bd^{Pal 178}; also L. Oliphant^{Land of Gilead, 1880}); —

1. territory south of Jabbok,
a. ‎׳‎‎אֶרֶץ הַגּ‎ Num 32:29 (P), ‎׳‎‎אֶרֶץ ג‎ vNum 32:1 (JE), both connected with Reuben and Gad; so ‎׳‎‎חֲצִי הַר הַגּ‎ Deut 3:12 ‎׳‎‎אֶרֶץ ג‎ also 1Chr 5:9 (of Reuben); 1Kgs 4:19 (of Sihon and Og); compare ‎׳‎‎אֶרֶץ גַּד וְג‎ 1Sam 13:7 further,
b. ‎׳‎‎הַגּ‎ alone, Judg 10:17 (or possibly here name of city ?), Judg 11:29 (probably); also 1Chr 5:10 (of Reuben) v1Chr 5:16 (of Gad); compare ‎חֲצִי‎ ‎וְעַד יַבֹּק‎ ‎׳‎‎הַגּ‎ Josh 12:2 (of Sihon), so vJosh 12:5 (both D);
c. similarly ‎׳‎‎ג‎ alone (without article) in poetry Ps 60:9* (|| Manasseh) = Ps 108:9* but also in prose in phrases ‎׳‎‎שָׂרֵי ג‎ Judg 10:18, ‎׳‎‎ישְׁבֵי ג‎ vJudg 10:18; Judg 11:8, ‎׳‎‎זִקְנֵי ג‎ Judg 11:5; Judg 11:7; Judg 11:8; Judg 11:9; Judg 11:10; Judg 11:11, ‎׳‎‎אַנְשֵׁי ג‎ Judg 12:4 (twice in verse); Judg 12:5 compare also
d. ‎עָרֵי‎ ‎׳‎‎הַגּ‎ Num 32:26 (J E; of Reuben and Gad); so of Jephthah's burial-place Judg 12:7 even ‎כָּלעָֿרֵי‎ ‎׳‎‎הַגּ‎ Josh 13:25 (P; of Gad); besides these, or particular cities, especially ‎׳‎‎רָאמֹת בַּגּ‎ Deut 4:43 (of Gad); compare ‎׳‎‎רָאמוֺת בַּגּ‎ Josh 20:8 (P), 1Chr 6:65* (of Gad), and ‎׳‎‎רָמֹת בַּגּ‎ Josh 21:38 (P); usually ‎׳‎‎רָמֹת ג‎ 1Kgs 4:13; 1Kgs 22:3; 1Kgs 22:4; 1Kgs 22:6; 1Kgs 22:12; 1Kgs 22:15; 1Kgs 22:20; 1Kgs 22:29 = 2Chr 18:2; 2Chr 18:3; 2Chr 18:5; 2Chr 18:11; 2Chr 18:14; 2Chr 18:19; 2Chr 18:28; 2Kgs 8:28; 2Kgs 9:1; 2Kgs 9:4; 2Kgs 9:14; 2Chr 22:5 also ‎׳‎‎מִצְפֵּה ג‎ Judg 11:29 (twice in verse); further ‎׳‎‎יַעְזֵיר ג‎ 1Chr 26:31.

2. Northern Gilead,
a. ‎׳‎‎אֶרֶץ הַגּ‎ Josh 17:5; Josh 17:6 (J E; of Manasseh) compare Judg 10:4; 1Chr 2:22 (both of Jair); ‎׳‎‎הַר הַגּ‎ Gen 31:21; Gen 31:23; Gen 31:25 (E); probably also ‎׳‎‎הַר ג‎ (no article) Song 4:1 (compare Song 6:5 below).
b. ‎׳‎‎הַגּ‎ alone Num 32:40 (J E; of Machir) Josh 17:1 (J E; id.) compare Josh 13:11 (D) Deut 2:36; 1Kgs 4:13 (of Jair); Deut 3:15; Deut 3:16 (boundary of Reuben and Gad); probably also Song 6:5 (compare Song 4:1 above); compare ‎׳‎‎יֶתֶר הַגּ‎ Deut 3:13 & ‎׳‎‎חֲצִי הַגּ‎ Josh 13:31 (P; of Machir); ‎הַגִּלְעָ֫דָה‎ 2Sam 24:6 (probably); compare also
c. ‎׳‎‎ג‎ (no article) probably Jer 8:22; Jer 46:11 (in both reference to ‎צֳרִי‎ balm, probably from the wooded Northern Gilead); similarly Jer 22:6 and ‎גִּלְעָ֫דָה‎ 1Chr 27:21 also Num 32:39 (J E; of Machir).
d. in combination ‎׳‎‎יָבֵשׁ ג‎ (city) Judg 21:8; Judg 21:9; Judg 21:10; Judg 21:12; Judg 21:14; 1Sam 11:1; 1Sam 11:9 (|| ‎יָבֵשׁ‎ alone) 1Sam 31:11 (|| id.) = 1Chr 10:11; 2Sam 2:4; 2Sam 2:5; 2Sam 21:12 perhaps also ‎׳‎‎(מִ)תִּשְׁבֵּה ג‎ 1Kgs 17:1 (emendation, after ᵐ5, Ew Th and others see VB); — compare further below

6. proper name, masculine below — Judg 7:3 ‎׳‎‎וְיִצְפֹּר מֵהַר הַגּ‎ and let him depart from Mt. Gilead, apparently belongs here, but ‎מֵהַר הַגִּלְבֹּעַ‎ is read by Cler Hi Gr Ke Be; against this compare Stu Bu^{RS 112.}

3. more generally, of all Gilead,
a. ‎׳‎‎אֶרֶץ הַגּ‎ Josh 22:9; Josh 22:13; Josh 22:15; Josh 22:32 (P; of Reuben, Gad and Manasseh; opposed to land of Canaan); compare 2Sam 17:26 so ‎׳‎‎כָּלאֶֿרֶץ הַגּ‎ 2Kgs 10:38.
b. ‎׳‎‎אֶרֶץ ג‎ (no article) Zech 10:10 compare ‎׳‎‎הַר אֶפְרַיִם וְג‎ Jer 50:19 (|| Carmel and Bashan); ‎׳‎‎ג‎ alone, also Gen 37:25 likewise Mic 7:14 (|| Carmel & Bashan, reference to fertility).
c. ‎׳‎‎הַגּ‎ alone, of Israel territory in general east of Jordan, Judg 10:8 compare 2Sam 2:9; 2Kgs 10:33 (of Reuben, Gad and Manasseh); ‎׳‎‎כָּלהַֿגּ‎ Deut 3:10 ‎אֶתכָּֿלהָֿאָרֶץ‎ ‎׳‎‎אֶתהַֿגּ‎ Deut 34:1 ‎׳‎‎הַגּ‎ also in general sense Ezek 47:18; 2Kgs 15:29 (?) Obad 1:19.

4. ‎׳‎‎ג‎, name of a city Hos 6:8 (& Judg 10:17 ? compare

1. a. above); — on the ruined cities Jil±âd, Jil±aud on the Jebel Jil±âd, north of Es-Sal‰, and south of Jabbo‡ see Di Gen 31:54 & references

5. ‎׳‎‎אֶרֶץ הַגּ‎ of Israelites living east of Jordan (as a whole) Judg 20:1 ‎׳‎‎הַגּ‎ of people of Gilead Amos 1:3; Amos 1:13 so ‎׳‎‎ג‎ Judg 5:17 (= ‎גַּד‎), Judg 12:4; Judg 12:5 (|| ‎׳‎‎אַנְשֵׁי ג‎ vJudg 12:4 vJudg 12:4 vJudg 12:5) Hos 12:12*. compare also ‎גִּלְעָדִי‎ below

6. treated as proper name, masculine a. ‎׳‎‎ג‎, son of Machir & grandson of Manasseh Num 26:29 (twice in verse); Num 26:30; Num 27:1; Num 36:1; Josh 17:3 (all P) 1Chr 2:21; 1Chr 2:23; 1Chr 7:14; 1Chr 7:17 once ‎׳‎‎הַגּ‎ Josh 17:1 (JE) compare Di; — reference in all these to Northern Gilead.
b. father of Jephthah Judg 11:1; Judg 11:2 — reference to Gad (compare above especially below 5).
c. 1Chr 5:14 (a Gadite).

Brown-Driver-Briggs References