Lexical Definition

‎שָׁבַע‎ shâbaʻ (shaw-bah') to swear ^H:V
a primitive root; properly to be complete, but used only as a denominative from ‎שֶׁבַע‎

adjure, charge (by an oath, with an oath), feed to the full (by mistake for ‎שָׂבַע‎), take an oath, [idiom] straitly, (cause to, make to) swear.

• to seven oneself, i.e. swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)

1) to swear, adjure
1a) (Qal) sworn (participle)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to swear, take an oath
1b2) to swear (of Jehovah by Himself)
1b3) to curse
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to take an oath
1c2) to adjure

See Greek: αἰχμαλωτίζω · ἀποκρίνομαι · βοάω · ἐξομολογέω · ἐξορκίζω · ἐπίορκος · κράζω · ὀμνύω · ὁμολογέω · ὁρκίζω · ὁρκίζω · στενάζω

Brown-Driver-Briggs

[‎שָׁבַע‎]₁₈₆ verb swear (probably, so to say, seven oneself, or bind oneself by seven things, compare Thes (as alternative), Gerb^108ff; Late Hebrew Niph`al= Biblical Hebrew; ᵑ7 ‎שְׁבַע‎ Ithpe`el, Aph`el; see also Dr^{Gen 21:28} Kö^{Hast. DB NUMBER, 565} RS^{Semitic i. 166, 2nd ed., 182} We^Reste Arabic Heid. 2, 186); —

Qal (according to Thes Rob Ges) Passive participle ‎שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֺת‎ Ezek 21:28* those sworn with (= who have sworn) oaths; both from ‎שְׁבוּעָה‎, according to Krae, oaths of oaths (the most sacred); ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co omitted; both from ‎שָׁבוּעַ‎, Ew Sm ‎׳‎‎שָׁ‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ weeks on weeks (plenty of time). Niph`al Perfect, 3 masculine singular‎נִשְׁבַּע‎ Gen 24:7, + etc.;Imperfect 3 masculine singular‎יִשָּׁבַע‎ Lev 5:24* +, ‎וַיִּשָּׁ֫בַע‎ Gen 24:9 +; 2 masculine singular ‎תִּשֶּׁבֵ֑עַ‎ Deut 6:13; Deut 10:20 1 singular ‎אִשָּׁב֑עַ‎ Gen 21:24, ‎וָאֶשָּׁ֫בַע‎ 1Kgs 2:8; Ezek 16:8, etc.; Imperative masculine singular ‎הַשָּֽׁבְעָה‎ Gen 21:23 +, etc.; Infinitive abs ‎הִשָּׁבֵע‎ Num 30:3*, ‎הִשָּׁבֵעַ‎ Jer 7:9 construct ‎הִשָּׁבֵעַ‎ Jer 12:16 (twice in verse) + 1Sam 20:17 see infra; Participle ‎נִשְׁבָּע‎ Zech 5:3 +, etc.; — swear, take an oath:

1. subj man : a. in asseveration, absolute Gen 21:24; Gen 21:31 (E), Judg 21:1; Judg 21:18; 2Sam 21:2 +; also followed by‎וַיּאֹמֶר‎ 1Sam 20:3; 1Kgs 1:29, followed by ‎לֵאמֹר‎ 2Sam 3:35; Josh 14:9 (D); with accusative of congnate meaning with verb Num 30:3* (P; || ‎נָדַר‎); + ‎לַשֶּׁקֶר‎ Jer 5:2; Jer 7:9; Lev 5:24* (P; + ‎עַל‎ of thing), Mal 3:5 + ‎׳‎‎עלשֿׁ ‎ Lev 5:22* (P); + ‎לְמִרְמָה‎ Ps 24:4 followed by infinitive Lev 5:4 (P), Ps 15:4; Ps 119:106 + ‎ל‎ person take an oath to, Josh 6:22 (JE), Josh 9:20 (P; accusative of congnate meaning with verb) Gen 24:9 (+ ‎עַלהַֿדָּבָר הַזֶּה‎ +, so also 1Sam 20:17 (read ‎לְהִשָּׁבֵעַ‎ ‎אֶלֿ‎ for ‎לְהַשְׁבְּיעַ אֶתֿ‎, ᵐ5 ᵑ9 Th We Dr and others); oath allegiance (‎׳‎‎לי ‎) Isa 19:18; Isa 45:23; Zeph 1:5; 2Chr 5:14, compare(absolute) v2Chr 5:15 (Josh 23:7 see Hiph`il); also sq ‎וַיּאֹמֶר‎ 2Kgs 25:24, followed by ‎לֵאמֹר‎ 2Sam 21:17; 1Kgs 1:13; Jer 40:9 followed by‎פֶּן‎ = that not Judg 15:12, followed by ‎אִם‎ = id. 1Kgs 1:51 + ‎אֶל‎ person followed by ‎לֵאמֹר‎ Jer 38:16 + ‎׳‎‎בי‎ by ‎׳‎‎י‎, followed by infinitive Judg 21:7 + ‎׳‎‎בְּשֵׁם י‎ 1Sam 20:42; Isa 48:1, compare Gen 31:53 (E), Deut 6:13; Deut 10:20; Jer 12:16 (+ ‎׳‎‎חַייֿ‎), Isa 65:16; Zech 5:4 (‎לַשָּׁ֑קֶר‎), Lev 19:12 (id.), Ps 63:12*; Dan 12:7 ‎׳‎‎בי‎ followed by ‎אִם‎ 2Sam 19:8* + ‎ל‎ person with ‎׳‎‎בי ‎ Josh 9:18; Josh 9:19 (P; pledge faith), followed by‎לֵאמֹר‎ 1Sam 28:10; 1Kgs 11:30; 1Kgs 2:8; 1Kgs 2:23, followed by ‎כִּי‎ of object clause Josh 2:12 (JE), 1Kgs 1:17 + ‎ל‎ person with ‎׳‎‎בא‎, followed by ‎אִם‎ Gen 21:23 (E), 1Sam 30:15 as verb of quotation + object ‎׳‎‎חַייֿ‎ Hos 4:15; Jer 4:2; 1Sam 19:6 (+ ‎אִם‎), + ‎אִם‎ in oratio recta [direct speech] Ps 132:2 (|| ‎נָדַר‎); also ‎כְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים‎ Jer 5:7, ‎בַּבָּ֑עַל‎ Jer 12:16, ‎בְּמַלְכָּם‎ Zeph 1:3, compare Amos 8:14 (+ ‎וְאָמַר‎).
b. imprecate, curse, ‎בִּי‎ by me Psalms; Ps 102:9* (compare ‎שְׁבוּעָה‎

1.b ‎קְלָלָה‎).

2. subject ‎׳‎‎י‎: swear, with ‎בִּי‎ by myself Gen 22:16 (JE), Jer 22:5 (clause ‎כִּי‎), Jer 49:13 (id.), Isa 45:23 (id.), with ‎בְּקָדְשׁוֺ‎ Amos 4:2 (id.), compare Ps 89:36* (|| ‎אִם אֲכַזֵּב‎), compare also Amos 6:8; Amos 8:17; Jer 44:26; Jer 51:14; Isa 62:8 swear, followed by infinitive Deut 1:35; Deut 4:21; Josh 21:41 (van d. H. Baer; vJosh 21:43 Gi), followed by ‎מִן‎ infinitive= not to Isa 54:9 (twice in verse) followed by ‎אִם‎ Ps 90:10, followed by ‎לֵאמֹר‎ Deut 1:34; Isa 14:24; Num 32:10(P); followed by oratio recta [direct speech] Ps 110:4 with ‎ל‎ person take an oath to, Gen 24:7(J), Exod 13:11 (J), Deut 2:14 + 7 t. Deuteronomy (accusative of congnate meaning with verbDeut 7:8; Deut 9:5), Ezek 16:8 (|| ‎בּוֺא‎ ‎בִבְרִית‎, Ps 89:4* (|| ‎כָּרַת בְּרִית‎), vPs 89:50* (‎בֶּאֱמוּנָתֶ֑ךָ‎), +; ‎ל‎ person + infinitive (usually to give land Exod 13:5 (J), Deut 1:8 + 9 t. Deuteronomy; Josh 1:6; Josh 5:6 (twice in verse) (all R^D), Jer 11:5 (+ accusative of congnate meaning with verb), Jer 32:22 ‎ל‎ person + accusative of thing (usually land) = promise by oath to Gen 50:24; Exod 33:1; Num 11:12 (all J), Num 14:16; Num 14:23 (JE), Num 32:11 (P), Judg 2:1; Mic 7:20; Deut 6:18+ 8 t. Deuteronomy (object covenant Deut 4:31; Deut 8:18); ‎ל‎ person omitted Deut 31:21. Hiph`il Perf. 3 masculine singular ‎הִשְׁבִּיעַ‎ Exod 13:19 +, 1 singular ‎הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי‎ Song 2:7 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎וַיַּשְׁבַּע‎ Gen 50:25 +, suffix ‎וַיַּשְׁבִּעֵנִי‎ Gen 24:37, etc.; Infinitive absolute ‎הַשְׁבֵּעַ‎ Exod 13:19; 1Sam 14:28 construct ‎הַשְׁבִּיעַ‎ 1Sam 14:27 (1Sam 20:17 see Niph`al); Participle suffix ‎מַשְׁבִּיעֶ֑ךָ‎ 1Kgs 22:16; 2Chr 18:15 —

1. cause to take an oath, subject always man: with accusative of person Gen 50:6 (J), + 1Sam 14:27; 1Kgs 18:10; 2Kgs 11:4, + accusative of cognate meaning Josh 2:17; Josh 2:20 (J), ‎לֵאמֹר‎ Gen 24:37; Gen 50:5 (both J), vGen 50:25 (E), Josh 6:26 (J; accusative of person omitted), so (Infinitive absolute + Perfect) Exod 13:19 (JE), 1Sam 14:28, + ‎וְאָמַר‎ Num 5:19 and (with accusative of congnate meaning with verb) vNum 5:21 (both P), + infinitive clause Neh 5:12; Ezra 10:5 + ‎׳‎‎בי‎ by ‎׳‎‎י‎ Gen 24:3 (J; clause ‎אֲשֶׁר‎), 1Kgs 2:42 (|| ‎וָאָעִד‎ ‎בְּךָ‎, + ‎לֵאמֹר‎, compare Josh 23:7 (R^D; but read perhaps Niph`al ‎תִּשָּֽׁבְעוּ‎ Gr and others; ᵐ5 strike out), Neh 13:25 (clause ‎אִם‎, oratio recta), 2Chr 36:13.

2. adjure, with accusative of person 1Kgs 22:16; 2Chr 18:15 (both + clause ‎אֲשֶׁר‎); elsewhere only Canticles: Song 5:9, with clause ‎מַהֿ‎ interrogative vSong 5:8, with clause ‎אִם‎ that not Song 2:7; Song 3:5 (both + ‎ב‎ of oath), = clause ‎מַהֿ‎ Song 8:4 (see ‎מָה‎ 2 a (b)). — 1Sam 20:17 see Niph`al

Brown-Driver-Briggs References