Lexical Definition

‎שָׁחַת‎ shâchath (shaw-khath') to ruin ^H:V
a primitive root

batter, cast off, corrupt(-er, thing), destroy(-er, -uction), lose, mar, perish, spill, spoiler, [idiom] utterly, waste(-r).

• to decay, i.e. (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)

1) to destroy, corrupt, go to ruin, decay
1a) (Niphal) to be marred, be spoiled, be corrupted, be corrupt, be injured, be ruined, be rotted
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to spoil, ruin
1b2) to pervert, corrupt, deal corruptly (morally)
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to spoil, ruin, destroy
1c2) to pervert, corrupt (morally)
1c3) destroyer (participle)
1d) (Hophal) spoiled, ruined (participle)

See Greek: ἀγρεύω · αἴρω · ἁμαρτάνω · ἀνομία · ἄνομος · ἀπόλλυμι · ἀπώλεια · ἀσεβής · ἀφανίζω · ἀφανισμός · διασπορά · διαφθείρω · διαφθορά · ἐκχέω · ἐμβάλλω · ἐξαίρω · ἐξαλείφω · ἐξολοθρεύω · ἐπιτίθημι · θύω · καταβάλλω · κατασκάπτω · καταστρώννυμι · καταφθείρω · λυμαίνομαι · νοιέω · ὀλοθρεύω · πίπτω · ταπεινόω · φθείρω

Extended Information

• Aramaic equivalent: she.chat (‎ש‎ְׁ‎ח‎ַ‎ת‎ "to corrupt" שְׁחַת)

Brown-Driver-Briggs

Also see: עָמֹק | שׁוּחַ | שַׁחַת | דֶּרֶךְ

[‎שָׁחַת‎]₁₅₁ verb go to ruin (?), only derived species (Late Hebrew Hiph`il = Biblical Hebrew, Ecclus. ‎שחיתה‎ Eccl 30:11 corrupt act; Arabic extirpate; Ethiopic injure, violate; Tel Amarna ša—âtu is fall (especially of city), be prostrate (? of land), perhaps Canaanism (see Wkl^{TelAm. Vocab}.), Assyrian possibly šêtu, flee, escape (compare ‎אבד‎); Old Aramaic (Zinjirli) ‎שחת‎ destroy Lzb³⁷⁴, Aramaic ‎שְׁחַת‎, (assimilation of ), multilate; — very improbable Gerber^{179 denominative} from ‎שַׁחַת‎); —

Niph`al be marred, spoiled, Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎נִשְׁחַת‎, of waistcloth Jer 13:7, vessel Jer 18:4 be injured, or even (hyperb.) ruined, Imperfect 3 feminine singular ‎תִּשָּׁחֵת‎ Exod 8:20* (J) of land (‎מִפְנֵי הֶעָרֹב‎); be corrupted, corrupt, in mnorals and rel., of earth, Perfect 3 feminine singular ‎נִשְׁחָ֑תָה‎ Gen 6:12 (P), Imperfect 3 feminine singular ‎׳‎‎לִפְנֵי הָא‎ ‎׳‎‎וַתִּשּׁ‎ vGen 6:11 (P); so Participle feminine plural as adjective ‎נִשְׁחָתוֺת‎ Ezek 20:44. Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎שִׁחֵת‎ Exod 32:7 +, suffix ‎שִׁחֶתְךָ‎ Hos 13:9 2 masculine singular ‎שִׁחַתָּ‎ Isa 14:20 +, etc.; Imperative masculine plural ‎שַׁחֵ֑תוּ‎ Jer 5:10 Infinitive construct ‎שַׁחֵת‎ Gen 13:10 +, etc.; —

1. spoil, ruin, accusative of eye Exod 21:26 (E), vineyard Jer 12:10 (figurative), branches Nah 2:3* (figurative), also = destroy, accusative of person 2Sam 1:14; 2Sam 14:11 (accusative omitted), Ezek 5:16; Ezek 20:17, ‎כָּלבָֿשָׂר‎ Gen 6:17; Gen 9:15 (P), city, fortress, etc., Gen 13:10; Gen 19:13; Gen 19:29 (all J), 2Sam 24:16; Jer 5:10 (accusative omitted), Jer 48:18; Ezek 26:4; Ezek 43:3; Lam 2:5, ruin temple vLam 2:6, nation Hos 11:9; Hos 13:9 (read perhaps ‎שִׁחַתִּךָ‎ Oort Now), land 2Kgs 19:12 (Hiph`il in || Isa 37:12), Judg 6:5; Josh 22:33 (P), Ezek 22:30; Ezek 30:11, earth Gen 9:11 (P); with ‎ל‎ object (‎ל‎ 3b), city 1Sam 23:10, person Num 32:15 (P); with accusative ‎רַחֲמָיו‎ Amos 1:11, destroyed (stifled) his compassion (or, RS^{K 28} and others, the bonds of kinship, see ‎רַחֲמִים‎), ‎בְּרִית‎ Mal 2:8, i.e. violate it, see especially ‎אַרְצָה‎ ‎׳‎‎וְשׁ‎ (that is, semen) Gen 38:9 (J) he spoiled (it) upon the ground, made it ineffective, = waste words Prov 23:8.

2. pervert, corrupt, accusative wisdom Ezek 28:17, absolute = deal corruptly, ‎הֶעֱמִיקוּ שִׁחֵתוּ‎ Hos 9:9 (compare [‎עָמֹק‎], p.770:b; but We Now read ‎שַׁחְתּוֺ‎, √ ‎שׁוח‎), Exod 32:7 (JE), Deut 9:12, so ‎לוֺ‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Deut 32:5. Hiph`il₁₀₃ Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎הִשְׁחִית‎ Gen 6:12 +; 1 singular ‎וְהִשְׁחַתִּ֫י‎ Jer 51:20, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יַשְׁחִית‎ Dan 8:24 +, ‎יַשְׁחִת‎ Mal 3:11 +, ‎וַיַּשְׁחֵת‎ 1Chr 20:1 2 feminine singular ‎וַתַּשְׁחִתִי‎ Ezek 16:47, 2 masculine plural ‎תַּשְׁחִתוּן‎ Deut 4:16; Deut 31:29 Imperative masculine singular suffix ‎הַשְׁחִיתָהּ‎ 2Kgs 18:25 = Isa 36:10 Infinitive absolute ‎הַשְׁחֵת‎ Deut 31:29 construct ‎הַשְׁחִית‎ 1Sam 26:15 +, etc.; Participle ‎מַשְׁחִית‎ Gen 19:14 +, etc.; —

1. spoil, ruin, accusative crop Judg 6:4; Mal 3:11, trees Deut 20:19; Deut 20:20; Jer 11:19 (figurative), vessels 2Chr 36:19, houses 2Chr 34:11, palaces Jer 6:5 compare Isa 65:8; Lev 19:27 (H), Ruth 4:6 ‎דַּיָּם‎ ‎׳‎‎הִשׁ‎ Jer 49:9 thieves damage as much as they want; accusative of person = ruin, destroy, 1Sam 26:9; 1Sam 26:15; Judg 20:21; Judg 20:25 (+ ‎אַ֫רְצָה‎), vJudg 20:35 vJudg 20:42; 2Kgs 13:23; 2Chr 24:23 (+ ‎מִן‎ separ.), + 12 t., + (accusative of person omitted) Isa 51:13 + 4 t., accusative ‎בֵּית דָּוִד‎ 2Chr 21:7, absolute Isa 11:9 = Isa 65:25 also ruin one (by words) Prov 11:9 accusative ‎עַם‎ 2Sam 24:16; Deut 9:26 land 1Sam 6:5; Jer 36:29; Dan 11:17 (see Dr); city wall 2Sam 20:15 (Ew Th here denominative from ‎שַׁחַת‎ they were making a pit; < ᵐ5 We (?) Klo Dr Bu HPS Now ‎מְחַשְּׁבִים‎ were devising), Lam 2:8, cities and nations Gen 18:28 (twice in verse) (J, accusative omitted), Gen 19:13; Gen 19:14 (J), Isa 37:12 (Pi`el in || 2Kgs 19:12), 2Kgs 36:10 (twice in verse) = 2Kgs 18:25 (twice in verse) + 11 t. + (Israel personified) Deut 4:31; Deut 10:10; 2Kgs 8:19, pride of Judah Jer 13:9, earth Jer 51:1 absolute with adverb accusative Dan 8:24 (see Dr; Bev conjecture ‎יְשׂחֵחַ‎ or ‎יָשִׂיחַ‎ utter monstrous things), compare 1Chr 21:12 Participle as adjective, of lion Jer 2:30, angel 1Chr 21:15 = destroyer Exod 12:23 (J), Jer 22:7; Isa 54:16, ‎גּוֺיִם‎ ‎׳‎‎מ‎ Jer 4:7, ‎׳‎‎רוּחַ מ‎ Jer 51:1 singular collective (‎׳‎‎הַמּ‎ Ges^{«GKC:126l»§ 126l}; the destroying band, compare Dr Bu Now) 1Sam 13:17; 1Sam 14:15 (spoilers, ravagers); figurative for snare, trap, Jer 5:26.

2. pervert, corrupt, morally, accusative ‎דֶּרֶךְ‎ Gen 6:12 (P; see ‎דֶּרֶךְ‎ 6), ‎נַפְשׁוֺ‎ Prov 6:32, compare Zeph 3:7; Ezek 23:11 (‎מִן‎ compare); ‎׳‎‎הִשׁ‎ ‎הִתְעִיבוּ עֲלִילָה‎ Ps 14:1 = Ps 53:2* ‎׳‎‎הַשְׁחֵת תַּשְׁח‎ (+ verb of particular act) Deut 4:16; Deut 31:29 declar. = act corruptly, Isa 1:4; Deut 4:28 (+ verb of act), 2Chr 27:2, + ‎מִן‎ compare Judg 2:19; Ezek 16:47 Participle as substantive Jer 6:28, ‎׳‎‎אִישׁ מַשׁ‎ Prov 28:24 (Prov 18:9 see infra). — ‎אַלתַּֿשְׁחֵת‎ destroy not (catchword of old song or melody ?) in Psalm-titles: Prov 57:1; Prov 58:1; Prov 59:1; Prov 75:1. Hoph`al Participle ‎מָשְׁחָת‎ spoiled, ruined, of a spring, ‎מָקוֺר‎ Prov 25:26 (|| ‎מַעְיָן נִרְפָּשׂ‎); as substantive Mal 1:14 sacrificing a spoiled thing.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References