Lexical Definition

‎ἁμαρτάνω‎ hamartánō (ham-ar-tan'-o) to sin ^G:V
perhaps from ‎Α‎ (as a negative particle) and the base of ‎μέρος‎

for your faults, offend, sin, trespass.

• properly, to miss the mark (and so not share in the prize), i.e. (figuratively) to err, especially (morally) to sin

Abbott-Smith

ἁμαρτάνω (pres. formed from aor. ἁμαρτεῖν), [in LXX for חטא, also for אשׁם, רשׁע, etc.;]
1. to miss the mark (Hom., Æsch., al.), hence metaph. (Hom., al.), to err, do wrong.
2. In LXX and NT, to violate God's law, to sin (for non-Christian exx., v. MM, VGT, s.v.): absol., Mt 18:25 27:4, Lk 17:3, Jo 5:14 8:11 9:2, 3, Ro 2:12 3:23 5:12, 14,16 6:15, I Co 7:28,36 15:34, Eph 4:26, I Ti 5:20, Tit 3:11, He 3:17 10:26, I Pe 2:20, II Pe 2:4 2:4 I Jo 1:10 2:1 3:6,89 5:18; c. cogn. acc., ἁ. ἁμαρτίαν (cf. Ex 32:30, חֲטָאָה חָטָא), I Jo 5:16; seq. εἰς, Mt 18:21, Lk 15:18, 21 17:4, Ac 25:8 (καίσαρα). I Co 6:18 8:12 (Field, Notes, 173); ἐνώπιον, Lk 15:18, 21; πρὸς θάνατον (cf. Nu 18:22, חֵטְא לָמוּת), I Jo 5:16 (Cremer, 98, 633).†

Abbott-Smith References

Liddell-Scott-Jones

ἁμαρτάνω [ᾰμ.. ᾰν]:

future ἁμαρτήσομαι[Refs 8th c.BC+] later -ήσω [NT+2nd c.AD+], (δι-) [Refs 5th c.BC+], (ἐξ-) [Refs]Acut. (Sp.)[Refs]aorist 2 ἥμαρτον[Refs 6th c.BC+], Attic dialect; Epic dialect ἤμβροτον, but only indicative; Aeolic dialect 3rd.pers.singular ἄμβροτε[Refs 7th c.BC+], infinitive ἀμβρότην[Refs]; optative ἁμάρτοιν (for ἁμάρτοιμι) [Refs 5th c.BC+]: aorist 1 ἡμάρτησα[Refs 5th c.BC+]: perfect ἡμάρτηκα[Refs 5th c.BC+], Attic dialect:—passive, aorist ἡμαρτήθην[Refs 5th c.BC+]: perfect ἡμάρτημαι[Refs 5th c.BC+]: pluperfect ἡμάρτητο[Refs 5th c.BC+]:—miss the mark, especially of spear thrown, absolutely, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἁ. τῆς ὁδοῦ miss road, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

__2 generally, fail of one's purpose, go wrong, absolutely, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; μύθων ἡμάρτανε failed of good speech, [Refs]; γνώμης, ἐλπίδων, βουλήσεως ἁ., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἁ. τοῦ χρησμοῦ mistake it, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__3 fail of having, be deprived of, mostly with genitive, χειρῶν ἐξ Ὀδυσῆος ἁμαρτήσεσθαι ὀπωπῆς that I should lose my sight by Ulysses' hands, [Refs 8th c.BC+] —once with _neuter_ adjective, οὐ γὰρ εἰκὸς.. ἐμὲ ὑμῶν ἁμαρτεῖν τοῦτό γ᾽ 'tis not seemly that I should ask this of you in vain, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δυοῖν κακοῖν οὐκ ἦν ἁμαρτεῖν (i.e. either one or the other) [Refs 5th c.BC+] —so μηδὲ δυοῖν φθάσαι ἁμάρτωσιν, ἢ.. ἢ.. fail to be before-hand in one of two things, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__4 rarely, fail to do, neglect, φίλων ἡμάρτανε δώρων[Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II absolutely, do wrong, err, sin, [Refs 8th c.BC+], etc.:—with participle, ἥμαρτε χρηστὰ μωμένη[Refs 5th c.BC+]adjective or pronoun, αὐτὸς ἐγὼ τόδε γ᾽ ἤμβροτον I erred in this, [Refs 8th c.BC+] or τι do wrong in a matter, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἁ. εἴς τινα sin against.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπὶ τὴν ἔλλειψιν, ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖον, [LXX+5th c.BC+]
__II.2 passive, ἡμαρτήθη ὁ ἐς Σικελίαν πλοῦς[Refs 5th c.BC+]perfect participle, τἀμὰ δ᾽ ἡμαρτημένα my plans are frustrate, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.3 ἁμαρτανόμενος, as adjective, wrong, mistaken, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; and of persons, ἡμαρτημένοι mistaken, [Refs]

_{LSJ Scripture Refs: Matt.18.21 ☩ LXX.Judg.10.10}