Lexical Definition

‎עָשָׂר‎ ʻâsâr (aw-sawr') ten ^H:N
for ‎עֶשֶׂר‎

(eigh-, fif-, four-, nine-, seven-, six-, thir-) teen(-th), [phrase] eleven(-th), [phrase] sixscore thousand, [phrase] twelve(-th).

• ten (only in combination), i.e. -teen
• also (ordinal) -teenth

1) ten, -teen (in combination with other numbers)
1a) used only in combination to make the numbers 11-19

Brown-Driver-Briggs

‎עָשָׂר‎₂₀₃, ‎עֶשְׂרֵה‎₁₄₄ noun ten, only after units to make numbers 11-19, both cardinal and ordinal; ‎עֶשְׂרֵה‎ with noun feminine, ‎עָשָׂר‎ with noun masculine, thus:

1. eleven:
a. ‎אַחַד עָשָׂר‎ (with masculine noun) Gen 32:23* + 2 t.
b. ‎אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה‎ (with feminine noun) 2Kgs 23:36 + 7 t.; also = eleventh 1Kgs 6:38; 2Kgs 9:29.
c. ‎עַשְׁתֵּי עָשָׂר‎ (with masculine noun) Num 29:20 ordinal Deut 1:3 + 7 t.
d. ‎עַשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה‎ (with feminine noun) Exod 26:7 + 4 t.; ordinal Jer 1:3 + 4 t.

2. twelve:
a. ‎שְׁנֵי (ם) עָשָׂר‎ (with masculine noun) Gen 35:22 + 80 t. ordinal 1Kgs 19:19 + 12 t.
b. ‎שְׁתֵּי(ם) עֶשְׂרֵה‎ (with feminine noun) Exod 24:4 + 31 t.; ordinal 2Kgs 8:25 + 6 t.

3. thirteen:
a. ‎שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר‎ (with masculine noun) Num 29:14 + 2 t.; ordinal Esth 3:12 + 7 t.
b. ‎שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה‎ (with feminine noun) 1Kgs 7:1 + 9 t.; ordinal Gen 14:4 + 2 t.

4. fourteen:
a. ‎אַרְכָּעָה עָשָׂר‎ Gen 46:22 + 13 t.; ordinal Exod 12:6 + 17 t.
b. ‎אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה‎ Gen 31:41 + 5 t.; ordinal 2Kgs 18:13 + 3 t.

5. fifteen:
a. ‎חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר‎ Hos 3:2 + 3 t.; ordinal Exod 16:1 + 14 t.
b. ‎חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר‎ Judg 8:10; 2Sam 19:18*.
c. ‎חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה‎ 2Kgs 14:17 + 9 t.; ordinal 2Kgs 14:23; 2Chr 15:10. — See also ‎עֶשֶׂר‎

2 d. 6. sixteen:
a. ‎שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר‎ Exod 26:25 + 6 t.; ordinal 1Chr 24:14 + 2 t.
b. ‎שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה‎ Gen 46:18 + 13 t.

7. seventeen:
a. ‎שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר‎ 1Chr 7:11 + 2 t.; ordinal Gen 7:11 + 3 t.
b. ‎שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה‎ Gen 37:2 + 4 t.; ordinal 1Kgs 22:52*; 2Kgs 16:1. — See also ‎עֶשֶׂר‎

3 d. 8. eighteen:
a. ‎שְׁמֹנָה (שְׂמֹנַת) עָשָׂר‎ Gen 14:4 + 10 t.; ordinal 1Chr 24:15; 1Chr 25:25.
b. ‎שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה‎ Judg 3:14 + 6 t.; ordinal 1Kgs 15:1 + 8 t.

9. nineteen:
a. ‎תִּשְׁעָה עָשָׂר‎ 2Sam 2:30 ordinal 1Chr 24:16; 1Chr 25:26.
b. ‎תְּשַׁע‎ ‎עֶשְׂרֵה‎ Gen 11:25; Josh 19:38 ordinal 2Kgs 25:8 = Jer 52:12. These numbers usually take singular of the nouns most often used, ‎שָׁנָה‎, ‎יוֺם‎, ‎חֹדֶשׁ‎, compare (sometimes) ‎אִישׁ‎, ‎אַמָּךְ‎, etc.; otherwise plural; rarely (late usage) they follow noun, which is then usually plural, e.g. Num 29:30; Josh 15:51 (P), Ezra 8:35 (twice in verse); Esth 3:13; Esth 8:5, etc. (even ‎שָׁנִים שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה‎ Nah Esth 5:14), but ‎שָׁנָה‎ precedes ordinal 1Kgs 6:38, ‎שְׁנַת‎ 1Kgs 15:1 + 8 t., so ‎יוֺם‎ (c. ordinal) 2Chr 29:17 + 5 t. Esth 9 also ‎יוֺם‎ and ‎(שְׁנַת) שָׁנָה‎ both precede and following ordinal Num 7:72; Num 7:78; 2Kgs 8:25; 2Kgs 9:29; 2Kgs 14:23; 2Kgs 16:1; Jer 32:1; 2Kgs 25:8 = Jer 52:12. — See also Kö^{ii. 1. 211 ff.} Da^{Synt. § 37 a}, also R. 1, 2. Ges^{«GKC:92d»§§ 92d, e}, «GKC:134»134, and especially Herner^{Synt. d. Zahlw-rter im AT {1893}}; on form in ‎הֵ֯‎ (prob for ‎יַ֯‎), Ol^{§ 110} Kö^{ii. 1, 427} W^{SG 138}.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References