Lexical Definition

‎עֶשֶׂר‎ ʻeser (eh'ser) ten ^H:N
masculine of term עֲשָׂרָה ʻăsârâh (as-awraw'); from ‎עָשַׂר‎

ten, (fif-, seven-) teen.

• ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)

1) ten
1a) ten
1b) with other numbers

Brown-Driver-Briggs

Also see: עֶשְׂרִים

‎עֶשֶׂר‎, ‎עֲשָׂרָה‎₁₇₆ noun masculine and feminine ten (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; perhaps MI³³ ‎עשרֿ‎; Phoenician ‎עשר‎, ‎עסר‎, ‎עשרת‎, etc.; Arabic , ; Sabean ‎עשר‎ SabDenkm^{No. 11 b, l. 5, 6,} ‎עשרת‎ and compounds Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic , ; Assyrian ešertu; ᵑ7 ‎עֲסַר‎, ‎עַסְרָא‎; ‎עֲשַׂר‎, ‎עַשְׂרָא‎; Syriac , ; Nabataean ‎עשר‎, all = ten; Palmyrene ‎עשרתא‎ the Ten (rulers)); —

masculine (with noun feminine) ‎עֶ֫שֶׂר‎ 2Sam 15:16 + 53 t. (absolute and construct usually indistinguishable); ‎עָ֑שֶׁר‎ 1Kgs 7:43; 1Chr 6:46* feminine (c. noun masculine): absolute ‎עֲשָׂרָה‎ Gen 24:10 + 69 t.; construct (probably) ‎עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת‎ 1Sam 17:18 + 46 t.; feminine plural ‎עֲשָׂרֹת‎ Exod 18:21 + 2 t.; — on plural ‎עֶשְׂרִים‎, 20, see below; —

1. a ten, only feminine plural tens in phrase ‎׳‎‎שָׂרֵי ע‎ captains of tens Exod 18:21; Exod 18:25 (E), Deut 1:15.

2. ten, enumerating person or things, usually without other numbers:
a. ‎עֶ֫שֶׂר‎ before feminine plural noun, Gen 45:23 + 43 t. after noun 1Kgs 7:27; 1Kgs 7:43 + late passages Josh 15:57; Josh 21:5; Josh 21:26 (all P), 1Chr 6:46*; 2Chr 4:7 before ‎בָּאַמָּה‎ = ten cubits 1Kgs 6:3; 1Kgs 6:25; 1Kgs 6:26; 1Kgs 7:23; 1Kgs 7:24.
b. ‎עֲשָׂרָה‎ before masculine plural noun, Gen 45:23 + 25 t. (including ‎אֲלָפִים‎ ‎׳‎‎ע‎ = 10,000 2Sam 18:3; 2Kgs 24:14 Kt, ‎עֲשֶׂרֶת‎ Qr); before n.collective ‎בָּקָר‎ 1Kgs 5:3*, ‎רֶכֶב‎ 2Kgs 13:7 also ‎לֶחֶם הַוֶּה‎ ‎׳‎‎ע‎ 1Sam 17:17 these ten loaves, compare 1Kgs 14:3 ‎אֶלֶף‎ ‎׳‎‎ע‎ Ezek 45:1 read ‎׳‎‎עֶשְׂרִיס א‎ ᵐ5 Hi Co Berthol Toy; after masculine plural noun Gen 32:16* (twice in verse); Gen 43:3 (all E), Josh 17:5 (JE), Num 29:23 (P), 1Kgs 7:43; 2Chr 4:6; 2Chr 4:8; Dan 1:12; Dan 1:14; Dan 1:15 ; after n.collective ‎צאֹן‎ 2Chr 30:24 noun omitted, that is men, Gen 18:32 (J) Amos 5:3; Ezra 8:4 that is shekels (weight) Gen 24:22 (J) Num 7:14 + 13 t. Num 7 (‎זָהָב‎ ‎׳‎‎ע‎); ‎כֶסֶף‎ ‎׳‎‎ע‎ (that is shekels, value) 2Sam 18:11 that is measures (of grain) Hag 2:16 with article the ten Gen 18:23 (J; that is men), Neh 11:1 (id. = every ten); as predicate Exod 27:12 (twice in verse) = Exod 38:12 (twice in verse) (all P) .
c. ‎עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת‎ before masculine plural noun Exod 34:28 + 18 t., + ‎כַּעֲשֶׂרֶת הַיָּמִים‎ 1Sam 25:38 (on article compare Weir in Dr, but dubious; probably omitted, so ᵐ5 We Bu), + ‎אֲלָפִים‎ ‎׳‎‎ע‎ = 10,000 Judg 1:4 + 26 t.; noun omitted ‎כֶּסֶף‎ ‎׳‎‎ע‎ (that is shekels) Judg 17:10.

3. rarely + other number:
a. ‎עֶשֶׂר‎ after larger number, ‎מֵאָה‎ ‎שָׁנִים‎ ‎׳‎‎וָע‎ Gen 50:22; Gen 50:26; Josh 24:29 (all E), Judg 2:8.
b. ‎׳‎‎ע‎ before larger number ‎עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים וּתְשַׁע מֵאוֺת שָׁנָה‎ Gen 5:14 (P).
c. ‎עֲשָׂרָה‎ after larger number, ‎מֵאָה‎ ‎וַעֲשָׂרָה הַזְּכָרִים‎ Ezra 8:12, compare (noun preceding) Ezra 1:10.
d. ‎עֲשָׂרָה‎ after smaller number, ‎שִׁבְעָה שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה‎ ‎הַכָּ֑סֶף‎ Jer 32:9 = seventeen shekels; before smaller number + singular noun ‎עֲשָׂרָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁקֶל‎ Ezek 45:12, but read ‎חֲמִשִּׁים‎ joining ‎עֲשָׂרָה‎ to preceding, ᵐ5^A Hi Co and others

Brown-Driver-Briggs References