(KJV) Esther 91
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⥃The Jews Destroy Their Enemies
[1] Now in the twelfth2 month, that [is], the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the same, when the king’s commandment and his decree drew near to be put in execution, in the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped3 to have power over them, (though it was turned4 to the contrary, that the Jews had rule over them that hated them;)5 [2] The Jews gathered6 themselves together in their cities throughout all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, to lay hand on such as sought7 their hurt: and no man could withstand them; for the fear8 of them fell upon all people. [3] And all the rulers9 of the provinces, and the lieutenants, and the deputies, and officers of the king10, helped the Jews; because the fear11 of Mordecai fell upon them. [4] For Mordecai [was] great12 in the king’s house, and his fame13 went out throughout all the provinces: for this man Mordecai waxed14 greater and greater. [5] Thus the Jews smote15 all their enemies with the stroke16 of the sword, and slaughter, and destruction, and did what they would17 unto those that hated them. [6] And in Shushan18 the palace the Jews slew and destroyed five hundred men. [7] And Parshandatha, and Dalphon, and Aspatha, [8] And Poratha, and Adalia, and Aridatha, [9] And Parmashta, and Arisai, and Aridai, and Vajezatha, [10] The ten sons19 of Haman the son of Hammedatha, the enemy20 of the Jews, slew they; but on the spoil21 laid they not their hand.
⥃Haman’s Sons Hanged
[11] On that day the number of those that were slain in Shushan the palace was brought22 before the king.
[12] [¶]And the king said unto Esther the queen, The Jews have slain and destroyed five hundred men in Shushan the palace, and the ten sons of Haman; what have they done in the rest of the king’s provinces? now what [is] thy petition23? and it shall be granted thee: or what [is] thy request further? and it shall be done. [13] Then said Esther, If it please the king24, let it be granted to the Jews which [are] in Shushan to do to morrow also according unto25 this day’s decree, and let Haman’s ten sons be hanged26 upon the gallows. [14] And the king commanded it so to be done: and the decree was given at Shushan; and they hanged Haman’s ten sons. [15] For the Jews that [were] in Shushan gathered themselves27 together on the fourteenth day also of the month Adar, and slew three hundred men at Shushan; but on the prey28 they laid not their hand. [16] But the other Jews that [were] in the king’s provinces gathered themselves29 together, and stood30 for their lives, and had rest from their enemies, and slew of their foes seventy and five thousand, but they laid not their hands on the prey, [17] On the thirteenth day of the month Adar; and on the fourteenth day of the same31 rested they, and made it a day of feasting and gladness.
⥃The Feast of Purim Instituted
[18] But the Jews that [were] at Shushan assembled together on the thirteenth32 [day] thereof, and on the fourteenth thereof; and on the fifteenth [day] of the same they rested, and made it a day of feasting and gladness. [19] Therefore the Jews of the villages, that dwelt in the unwalled towns, made the fourteenth day of the month Adar [a day of] gladness33 and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions34 one to another.
[20] And Mordecai35 wrote these36 things, and sent letters unto all the Jews that [were] in all the provinces37 of the king Ahasuerus, [both] nigh and far, [21] To stablish [this] among them, that they should keep the fourteenth day of the month Adar, and the fifteenth day of the same, yearly, [22] As the days38 wherein the Jews rested from their enemies, and the month which was turned unto them from sorrow39 to joy, and from mourning into a good day: that they should make them days of feasting and joy, and of sending portions40 one to another, and gifts to the poor. [23] And the Jews undertook to do as they had begun, and as Mordecai had written unto them; [24] Because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy41 of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur42, that [is], the lot, to consume43 them, and to destroy them; [25] But when [Esther] came44 before the king, he commanded by letters that his wicked device, which he devised against the Jews, should return45 upon his own head, and that he and his sons should be hanged on the gallows. [26] Wherefore they called46 these days Pur47im after the name of Pur. Therefore for all the words of this letter48, and [of that] which they had seen concerning this matter, and which had come unto them, [27] The Jews ordained, and took upon them, and upon their seed49, and upon all such50 as joined themselves unto them, so as it should not fail51, that they would keep these two days according to their writing, and according to their [appointed] time every year; [28] And [that] these days [should be] remembered52 and kept throughout every generation, every family, every province, and every city; and [that] these days of Purim should not fail53 from among the Jews, nor the memorial54 of them perish from their seed55. [29] Then Esther the queen, the daughter of Abihail56, and Mordecai the Jew, wrote with all authority57, to confirm58 this second letter of Purim. [30] And he sent the letters unto all the Jews, to the hundred59 twenty and seven provinces of the kingdom of Ahasuerus, [with] words of peace60 and truth, [31] To confirm these days of Purim in their times [appointed], according as Mordecai the Jew and Esther the queen had enjoined them, and as they had decreed for themselves61 and for their seed62, the matters of the fastings63 and their cry. [32] And the decree of Esther confirmed these matters of Purim; and it was written in the book.
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Esth 9:1, The Jews slay their enemies, with the ten sons of Haman; Esth 9:12, Ahasuerus, at the request of Esther, grants another day of slaughter, and Haman’s sons to be hanged; Esth 9:20, The two days of Purim are made festival. ↩
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Deut 32:36; 2Sam 22:41; Ps 30:11; Isa 14:1-2, Isa 60:14-16; Rev 11:18 ↩
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am 3552, bc 452 ↩
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Heb. those which did the business that belonged to the king ↩
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Ps 18:34-40, Ps 18:47-48, Ps 20:7-8, Ps 149:6-9; 2Thess 1:6 ↩
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Heb. according to their will, The Chaldee paraphrast says that none appeared against the Jews but Amalekites only, who were infatuated, and had their hearts hardened, as Pharaoh's against Israel, to take up arms to their own destruction. Some had such an inveterate, implacable malice against the Jews, that Haman's fall and Mordecai's advancement, instead of convincing, seemed only to exasperate them the more. How have the most dreadful scourges ravaged a country, and yet the inhabitants are unmindful of the Almighty Disposer of events, and that the cause of his righteous displeasure is their continual provocation! Forty years long was he grieved with one generation, who learned not his ways, although daily fed and clothed by a miracle. ↩
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Esth 5:11; Exod 20:5; Job 18:18-19, Job 27:13-15; Ps 21:10, Ps 109:12-13 ↩
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It does not appear that the Jews slew any person who did not rise up to destroy them. They stood for their lives; and gave full proof that they sought their own personal safety, and not the property of their enemies. Though the decree in their favour gave them authority to take the property of all their adversaries. Esth 9:15-16; Esth 8:11; Gen 14:23; Rom 12:17; Phil 4:8 ↩
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Esther had probably been informed by Mordecai, that there were still many enemies of the Jews who sought their destruction, who had escaped the preceding day; and therefore begged that the second day might be added to the former permission; and that the sons of Haman, who had already been slain, might be suspended on gibbets, as a terror to those who sought the destruction of the Jews. ↩
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Heb. let men hang Haman's ten sons, Deut 21:23; 2Sam 21:6, 2Sam 21:9; Gal 3:13 ↩
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Heb. in it, Esth 9:1, Esth 9:18, Esth 9:21, Esth 3:12, Esth 8:9 ↩
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Esth 9:22, Esth 8:17; Deut 16:11, Deut 16:14; Neh 8:10-12; Ps 118:11-16; Luke 11:41; Rev 11:10 ↩
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The eastern princes and people not only invite their friends to feasts, but it is their custom to send a portion of the banquet to those that cannot well attend, especially their relations, and those in a state of mourning. Thus, when the Grand Emir found that it incommoded M. D'Arvieux to eat with him, he desired him to take his own time for eating, and sent him from his kitchen what he liked best. ↩
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That is, as the words imply, the history contained in this book; and not merely the letters afterwards mentioned, as some understand it. ↩
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Exod 17:14; Deut 31:19-22; 1Chr 16:12; Ps 124:1-3, Ps 145:4-12; 2Cor 1:10-11 ↩
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Esth 9:19; Neh 8:10-12; Luke 11:41; Acts 2:44-46; Gal 2:10 ↩
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The word pur seems to be derived either from the Persian bahr and bar, a part, portion, lot, or pari, anything which happens fortuitously or fortunately; whence the annual festival in commemoration of the wonderful deliverance of the Jews from their enemies was called Purim, or in Arabic and Persian, Fuhr, or Lots; which has been observed by them, in all places of their dispersion, from that day to the present time, without any interruption. Esth 3:7 ↩
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Heb. crush ↩
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Heb. when she came, Esth 9:13-14, Esth 7:5-10, Esth 8:1-14 ↩
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that is, Lot ↩
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Deut 5:3, Deut 29:14-15; Josh 9:15; 1Sam 30:25; 2Sam 21:1-2 ↩
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Heb. pass ↩
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Heb. pass ↩
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Heb. be ended from their seed ↩
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Heb. strength ↩
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Heb. their souls ↩