Lexical Definition

‎σύν‎ sýn (soon) with ^G:PREP
a primary preposition denoting union

beside, with.

• with or together (but much closer than ‎μετά‎ or ‎παρά‎), i.e. by association, companionship, process, resemblance, possession, instrumentality, addition, etc.

Abbott-Smith

σύν (old Att. ξύν), prep. c. dat.,
expressing association, fellowship and inclusion. It gradually gave way to μετά, c. gen. (cf. LS, s.v.; Bl., § 41, 3), and is therefore comparatively infrequent in NT, being rare in Mt4, Mk6, Jo3, and elsewhere (exx. Ja 1:11, II Pe 1:18) only in Lk (Gosp. and Ac) and Paul. With, together with: of companionship and association, Lk 2:13, Jo 21:3, Ac 10:23, al.; εἶναι σύν τινι, Lk 7:12, Ac 4:13, Phl 1:23, al.; of partisanship, Ac 4:13; οἱ σύν τινι (ὄντες), of attendants, companions or colleagues, Mk 2:26, Lk 5:9, Ac 5:17, al.; of assistance, ἡ χάρις τ. θεοῦ σὺν ἐμοί, I Co 15:10; of two or more things together, almost = καί, Lk 23:11, Ac 3:4 10:2 14:5 23:15, Eph 3:18; σὺν Χριστῷ ζῆν, II Co 13:4; besides (FlJ, LXX), σὺν πᾶσι τούτοις, Lk 24:21.
In composition: with (συνχαίρω), together (συνωδίνω), altogether (συντελέω).

Abbott-Smith References

Liddell-Scott-Jones

σύν [ῠ],

old Attic dialect ξύν; Boeotian dialect σούν [Refs 3rd c.BC+];

__A σ. ἡρώων [Refs 2nd c.AD+]:—with. The form ξύν rarely occurs in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; in Ionic dialect verse we find ξύν [σύν [prev. author] 50), 6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus 19.3 (perhaps old Attic), but σύν 7th c.BC: Archilochus Lyricus 4, compare ξυνωνίη, συνίημι">Refs 7th c.BC+]; in early Ionic dialect Prose (including Inscrr.,[Refs 6th c.BC+] is only found in ξυνίημι [σύν, and in codices 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus ξύν has weaker authority than σύν (i p.cxxv Kuehlewein)">Refs 5th c.BC+]; in the late Ionic of [σύν">Refs 2nd c.AD+]; in Aeolic dialect and Doric dialect it is rare, ξυνοίκην [Refs 7th c.BC+]; elsewhere Doric dialect σύν, [σύν appears in 5th c.BC">Refs 6th c.BC+] and becomes usual towards the end; after [Refs 5th c.BC+]; otherwise, of Attic dialect Prose writers [Refs 5th c.BC+] a few times in compounds; codices [Refs 5th c.BC+]; in [Refs 5th c.BC+] is very frequently; in Trag. both forms occur. The preposition σύν gradually gave way to μετά with genitive, so that whereas [σύν to 8 of μετά">Refs 4th c.BC+] with genitive, the proportions in [σύν, in 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 346 of μετά to 15 of σύν, and in 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus 300 of μετά to 8 of σύν">Refs 5th c.BC+]: for these and other statistics see C. [Refs 1st c.AD+] T. Mommsen, Beiträge zur Lehre von den griechischen Präpositionen (Frankfurt 1886-95): in Attic dialect Prose and Comedy texts σύν is restricted for the most part to signification 8, 9 and a few phrases, such as σὺν θεῷ, σὺν (τοῖς) ὅπλοι; Xenophon uses it freely, having 556 examples to 275 of μετ; in Papyrus, [Refs]
__A.1 in company with, together with, δεῦρό ποτ᾽ ἤλυθε.. σ. Μενελάῳ [NT+8th c.BC+]
__A.2 with collateral notion of help or aid, σ. θεῷ with God's help or blessing, as God wills, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; σ. θεῷ εἰρημένον spoken as by inspiration, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; so σ. δαίμονι, σ. Ἀθήνῃ καὶ Διί, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; also θεοῦ σ. παλάμᾳ, σ. θεοῦ τύχᾳ, [Refs 5th c.BC+] let him consult with you, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ξ. τῇ βουλῇ in consultation with the Council, [Refs]; σ. τινὶ μάχεσθαι fight at his side, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; σ. τινὶ εἶναι or γίγνεσθαι to be with another, i.e.on his side, of his party, [Refs]; οἱ σ. αὐτῷ his friends, followers, [NT]
__A.3 furnished with, endued with, σ. μεγάλῃ ἀρετῇ ἐκτήσω ἄκοιτιν [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A.4 of things that belong, or are attached, to a person, σ. νηΐ or σ. νηυσί, i.e. on board ship, [Refs 8th c.BC+] (so in Prose, σ. ναυσὶ προσπλεῖν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; especially of arms, μιν κατέκηε σ. ἔντεσι [Refs]; ς. (or ξ.) ὅπλοις [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ς. (or ξ.) τοῖς ὅπλοις [Refs 5th c.BC+]; in some such cases ς. is little more than expletive, as σ. τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες lines[Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A.5 of things accompanying, or of concurrent circumstances, ἄνεμος σ. λαίλαπι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; of coincidence in time, ἄκρᾳ σ. ἑσπέρᾳ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; καιρῷ σ. ἀτρεκεῖ[Refs 5th c.BC+]; in the course of, κείνῳ σ. ἄματι [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.6 of necessary connexion or consequence, σὺν μεγάλῳ ἀποτεῖσαι to pay with a great loss, i.e. suffer greatly, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; δημοσίῳ σ. κακῷ with loss to the public, [Refs 6th c.BC+]; σ. τῷ σῷ ἀγαθῷ to your advantage, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὤλοντο.. σὺν μιάς ματι with pollution, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; to denote agreement, in accordance with, σ. τῷ δικαίῳ καὶ καλῷ [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.7 of the instrument or means, with the help of, by means of, σ. ἐλαίῳ φαρμακώσαισα [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.8 including, κεφάλαιον σ. ἐπωνίοις [Refs 5th c.BC+]; δισχίλιαι γάρ εἰσι (i.e. δραχμαὶ) σ. ταῖς Νικίου [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.9 excluding, apart from, plus, ἓξ ἐμοὶ σ. ἑβδόμῳ six with (but not including) me the seventh, [Refs 4th c.BC+]together with.., [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; οἱ γραμματεῖς σ. τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις [NT]
__B POSITION:—σύν sometimes follows its case, [Refs 8th c.BC+]. It frequently stands between adjective and substantive, as [Refs 8th c.BC+]; more rarely between substantive and adjective, [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.2 frequently in tmesis in [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.3 in late Gr. σὺν καὶ with dative, στεφανηφορήσας σ. καὶ Αὐρ. Ἰάσονι [Refs 1st c.AD+]
__C σύν AS adverb., together, at once, κενεὰς σ. Χεῖρας ἔχοντες [Refs 8th c.BC+]; mostly followed by δέ or τε, σ. δὲ πτερὰ πυκνὰ λίασθεν [σύνδυο); ξ. τε διπλοῖ βασιλῆς 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 960 (Lyric poetry)">Refs 8th c.BC+]. It is sometimes hard to distinguish this from tmesis, e.g. in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; so ξὺν κακῶς ποιεῖν is ={Ξυγκακοποιεῖν} in [Refs 5th c.BC+]. In Old Testament Gr. it is sometimes used to translate the Hebrew 'ēth (particle prefixed to the definite accusative) through confusion with the preposition 'ēth 'with', ἐμίσησα σὺν τὴν ζωήν [LXX]; οὐκ ἐμνήσθη σ. τοῦ ἀνδρός[LXX+2nd c.AD+]
__C.2 besides, also, σ. δὲ πλουτίζειν ἐμέ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; in later Poetry σ. καί [Refs 3rd c.BC+] (also in late Prose, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__D IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words),
__D.I with, along with, together, at the same time, hence of any kind of union, connexion, or participation in a thing, and metaphorically of agreement or unity. In Compos. with a transitive Verb σύν may refer to the Object as well as the Subject, as συγκατακτείνειν may mean kill one person as well as another, or, join with another in killing.
__D.I.2 of the completion of an action, altogether, completely, as in συνάγνυμι, συνασκέω 2, συνθρύπτω, συγκόπτω, συμπατέω, συμπληρόω, συντελέω, συντέμν; sometimes, therefore, it seems only to strengthen the force of the simple word.
__D.I.3 joined with numerals, σύνδυο two together, which sense often becomes distributive, by twos, two and two; so σύντρεις, σύμπεντε, etc., like Latin bini, terni, etc.
__D.II σύν in Compos., before β μ π φ ψ, becomes συμ-; before γ κ ξ Χ, συγ-; before λ συλ-; before σ usually συσ-; but becomes συ- before σ followed by a consonant (e.g. συστῆναι), before ζ, and perhaps sometimes before ξ. In a poetry passage, cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+]

_{LSJ Scripture Refs: Mark.15.27 ☩ Acts.14.4 ☩ Luke.20.1 ☩ Gal.5.24 ☩ LXX.Eccl.2.17 ☩ LXX.Gen.1.1}