Lexical Definition

‎שָׁכַב‎ shâkab (shaw-kab') to lie down: lay down ^H:V
a primitive root

[idiom] at all, cast down, (lover-)lay (self) (down), (make to) lie (down, down to sleep, still with), lodge, ravish, take rest, sleep, stay.

• to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)

1) to lie down
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to lie, lie down, lie on
1a2) to lodge
1a3) to lie (of sexual relations)
1a4) to lie down (in death)
1a5) to rest, relax (fig)
1b) (Niphal) to be lain with (sexually)
1c) (Pual) to be lain with (sexually)
1d) (Hiphil) to make to lie down
1e) (Hophal) to be laid

See Greek: ἀναπαύω · ἀποθνήσκω · καθεύδω · κάθημαι · κατάκειμαι · καταλύω · κατοικέω · κλίνω · κοιμάω · κοίτη · κυβερνήτης · μολύνω

Brown-Driver-Briggs

Hebrew form: שָׁכַם
‎שָׁכַב‎ (Lag^{BN 63}) verb lie down (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; ‎שכב‎ Eccl 47:23 (in death), ‎משכב‎ bed Eccl 40:5, = death bed Eccl 46:19 Phoenician ‎שכב‎, ‎משכב‎ (see ‎׳‎‎מ‎

1. below), Lzb³⁷⁵; Ethiopic lie, Aramaic ‎שְׁכַב‎, ; Nabataean ‎משכבא‎ couch; Arabic only pour out (water, tears), be poured out (compare Hiph`il below, and Lag^{BN 63})); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Gen 26:10 +, etc.; Imperfect ‎יִשְׁכַּב‎ Gen 30:15 +, 3 masculine plural ‎יִשְׁכְּבֻן‎ 1Sam 2:22, ‎יִשְׁכָּב֑וּן‎ Josh 2:8; Job 30:17, etc.; Imperative masculine singular ‎שְׁכַב‎ 2Sam 13:5; Ezek 4:4, ‎שִׁכְבָה‎ Gen 39:7; Gen 39:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute ‎שָׁכֹב‎ Lev 15:24 construct ‎שְׁכַב‎ 1Kgs 1:21 +, suffix ‎שָׁכְבוֺ‎ Ruth 3:4, ‎שִׁכְבָהּ‎ Gen 19:33; Gen 19:35, ‎שָׁכְבְּךָ‎ Deut 6:7 + 2 t.; Participle ‎שֹׁכֵב‎ Gen 28:13 +, feminine ‎שֹׁכֶ֫בֶת‎ Mic 7:5; Ruth 3:8, etc.; —

1. lie down (sometimes opposed to ‎קוּם‎, ‎הֵקִיץ‎):
a. Judg 5:27 (prostrated by blow, + ‎כָּרַע‎, ‎נָפַל‎).
b. to sleep, Gen 19:4 (J), Gen 28:11 (E), 1Sam 3:5; Deut 7:7; Prov 6:22 + often; read ‎וַיִּשְׁכַּב‎ also (for ‎וַיַּשְׁכֵּם‎) 1Sam 9:26 ᵐ5 Th We Dr and modern; ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ + ‎יָשֵׁן‎ sleep 1Kgs 19:5; Ps 3:6*; Ps 4:9*, compare Prov 3:24 (twice in verse), + ‎נִרְדָּם‎ Jonah 1:5 = be lying 1Sam 3:2; 1Sam 3:3; 1Sam 26:5 (all ‎בְּ‎ local), v1Sam 26:7; 1Sam 4:5 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb noon-repose), 2Sam 13:8, compare ‎שֹׁכֵב בְּלֶביָֿם‎ Prov 23:34, of two lying (together, for warmth) Eccl 4:11 + be sleeping 1Sam 26:7 = keep lying, with ‎עַד‎ Judg 16:3; 1Sam 3:15; Ruth 3:13; Prov 6:9 emphasis on resting, Lev 26:6 (H), Job 11:18 token of mourning, ‎וְשָׁכַב אָ֑רְצָה‎ (‎וְלָן‎) 2Sam 12:16, compare 2Sam 13:21, ‎בַּשָּׂק‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ 1Kgs 21:27, ‎בֵּין שְׁפַתָּ֑יִם‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Ps 68:14* (of indolence?); figurative of prostration by disease Ps 41:9* among foes Ps 57:5* of humiliation Jer 3:25 with ‎עַל‎ of thing: land Gen 28:13 (J), usually bed 2Sam 13:5; 1Kgs 21:4; Lev 15:4; Lev 15:24; Lev 15:26, compare vLev 15:20, for midday repose 2Sam 4:7.
c. lie on (‎עַל‎) one's side Ezek 4:4 (twice in verse); Ezek 4:6; Ezek 4:9 (symbolic).
d. lie, ‎עַל‎ person 1Kgs 3:19 (fatally), 2Kgs 4:34 (to revive).
e. lie ‎בְּחֵיק‎, of lamb (i.e. be cherished) 2Sam 12:3, of woman Mic 7:5 (intimacy), 1Kgs 1:2 (vital warmth); lie down for copulation Gen 19:33; Gen 19:35 (of woman, see

3. below; both opposed to ‎קוּם‎).

2. = lodge (for night), ‎(שָׁ֫מָּהׅ‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Josh 2:1 (E), 2Kgs 4:11, compare 2Kgs 9:16 (yet perhaps = lie ill), Lev 14:47 (‎בְּ‎ local).

3. of sexual relations, lie with: subject man, with ‎עִם‎ Gen 30:15; Gen 30:16; Gen 39:7; Gen 39:12; Gen 39:14 (J), Exod 22:13* (E), Deut 22:22 + 8 t. Deuteronomy; 2Sam 11:4; 2Sam 11:11; 2Sam 12:11; 2Sam 12:24; Lev 15:33 with ‎אֶת‎ feminine with (ᵑ0 ‎אֹתָהּ‎, etc., originally ‎אִתָּהּ‎, etc., see Dr^{2Sam 13:14 and II.} ‎אֵת‎, p. 85:a above), Gen 26:10; Gen 34:2; Gen 34:7; Gen 35:22 (all J), 1Sam 2:22 (omitted by ᵐ5 and modern), 2Sam 13:14; Ezek 23:8 (figurative), Lev 15:24 (‎שָׁכֹב יִשְׁכַּב‎), Num 5:19, also (with accusative of congnate meaning with verb ‎שִׁכְבַתזֶֿרַע‎) vNum 5:13; Lev 15:18; Lev 19:20 with accusative (suffix) feminine Deut 28:30 Kt (see [ ‎שָׁגֵל‎]); with ‎אֵצֶל‎ feminine Gen 39:10 (J); with ‎אֵת‎ of a man (sodomy), Lev 18:22; Lev 20:13 (both H; with accusative of congnate meaning with verb ‎מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁה‎); with ‎עִםבְּֿהֵמָה‎ Deut 27:21; Lev 22:18 (H); subject woman, with ‎עִם‎ of a man Gen 19:32; Gen 19:34; Gen 19:35 (J) 2Sam 13:11 ‎אֵת‎ of a man Gen 19:33; Gen 19:34 (compare 1 e above).

4. a. lie down in death, Isa 14:8; Isa 43:17 (opposed to ‎קוּם‎), Ezek 31:18; Ezek 32:27; Ezek 32:28; Ezek 32:29; Ezek 32:30; Job 14:12 (opposed to ‎קוּם‎, ‎הֵקִיץ‎), ‎וְאֶשְׁקוֺט‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Job 3:12 be lying (dead) Isa 51:20; Lam 2:21.
b. especially in phrase ‎עִם אֲבוֺתָיו‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ lie down with his fathers, of kings 1Kgs 1:21; 1Kgs 2:10 + 35 t. Kings Chronicles, compare Gen 47:30 (J) Deut 31:16, and (with ‎אֵת‎) 2Sam 7:12
c. in grave, ‎בְּבֵיתוֺ‎ Isa 14:18 (opposed to ‎מִקִּבְרְךָ‎), ‎שֹׁכְבֵי קֶבֶר‎ Ps 88:6* ‎לֶעָפָר‎ Job 7:21, ‎׳‎‎עַלעֿ‎ Job 20:11; Job 21:26 in sh®°ôl Ezek 32:21 in Gehenna (?) Isa 50:11.

5. figurative = relax: Job 30:17 my gnawing pains do not sleep; = have rest, ‎לִבּוֺ‎ ‎׳‎‎לֹא שׁ‎ Eccl 2:23. Niph`al Pu`al = be lain with (sexually; subject woman), only as Qr for Kt [‎שָׁגֵל‎] Niph`al Pu`al q. v. Hiph`il lay, Perfect 3 feminine singular ‎הִשְׁכִּיבָה‎ with accusative puer. + ‎בְּחֵיק‎ 1Kgs 3:20, so Imperfect 3 feminine singular suffix ‎וַתַּשְׁכִּיבֵהוּ‎ v1Kgs 3:20, compare (‎עַלמִֿטָּה‎) 1Kgs 17:19; 2Kgs 4:21 Infinitive absolute ‎הַשְׁכֵּב אוֺתָם אַ֫רְצָה‎ 2Sam 8:2 making them lie down on ground; Imperfect also lay ‎בַּמִּשְׁכָּב‎ 2Chr 16:14 (of burial); ‎נִבְלֵי שָׁמַיִם מִי יַשְׁכִּיב‎ Job 38:37 i.e. tip them so that contents may flow out (compare Arabic above). Hoph`al Participle ‎מֻשְׁכָּב‎ 2Kgs 4:32 laid ‎עַלמִֿטָּה‎; Perfect consecutive ‎וְהֻשְׁכַּב‎ Ezek 32:32 shall be laid (in death), with ‎בְּתוֺךְ‎ and ‎אֵת‎ person (with); so Imperative masculine singular ‎הָשְׁכְּבָה‎ vEzek 32:19 (with ‎אֵת‎ person only).

‎שׁכב‎ (√ of following; Biblical Hebrew ‎שָׁכַב‎, ‎מִשְׁכָּב‎).

Brown-Driver-Briggs References