Lexical Definition

‎שָׁכַם‎ shâkam (shaw-kam') to rise ^H:V
a primitive root; properly, to incline (the shoulder to a burden); but used only as denominative from ‎שְׁכֶם‎

(arise, be up, get (oneself) up, rise up) early (betimes), morning.

• literally, to load up (on the back of man or beast), i.e. to start early in the morning

1) to rise or start early
1a) (Hiphil)
1a1) to rise early, make an early start
1a2) early (as adverb)

See Greek: ἀνίστημι · ἐξανίστημι · ὀρθρίζω · ὀρθρινός

Brown-Driver-Briggs

[‎שָׁכַם‎] verb Hiph`il denominative start, rise, early (properly load backs of beasts for day's journey); — Perfect 3 masculine singular consecutive ‎וְהִשְׁכִּים‎ 2Sam 15:2; Job 1:5, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎וַיַּשְׁכֵּם‎ Gen 19:27 +, 2 masculine singular ‎תְּשְׁכִּים‎ Judg 9:33, etc.; Imperative ‎הַשְׁכֵּם‎ Exod 8:16* +; Infinitive absolute ‎הַשְׁכֵּם‎ Jer 7:25 +, ‎כֵּים‎- Jer 44:4; Prov 27:14, erroneous ‎אַשְׁכֵּים‎ Jer 25:3 (Ges^{«GKC:53»§ 53} K); Participle ‎מַשְׁכִּים‎ Hos 6:4 +, etc., — rise early, make an early start, of journey (Hexateuch only J E); ‎לְדַרְכְּכֶם‎ Judg 19:9 (+ ‎מָחָר‎), compare Song 7:13* + verb of going Gen 19:2 (J), standing 2Sam 15:2 (compare Dr), encamping Judg 7:1, etc.; + infinitive 1Sam 15:12 (compare Dr), 1Sam 29:11; 2Kgs 6:15 (‎לָקוּם‎), ‎מַשְׁכִּימֵי קוּם‎ Ps 127:3 (opposed to ‎מְאַחֲרֵי שֶׁבֶת‎); usually with ‎בַּבֹּקֶר‎ Gen 19:27 (J; ‎אֶלהַֿמָּקוֺם‎), 1Sam 29:10 (twice in verse) + 27 t., + (hyperbole) ‎שֵׁכָר‎ ‎׳‎‎מַשְׁכִּימֵי בַבּ‎ ‎יִרְדֹּ֑פוּ‎ Isa 5:11 (|| ‎מְאַחֲרֵי בֵנֶּשֶׁף‎); with ‎מִמָּחֳרָת‎ Exod 32:6 (E), Judg 6:28 + 3 t.; with ‎בַּעֲלוֺת הַשַּׁחַר‎ Josh 6:15 (J), 1Sam 19:26 ‎וַיְמַהֲרוּ וַיַּשְׁכִּימוּ וַיֵּצְאוּ‎ Josh 8:14 (J) they made a quick and early start; and went out; Infinitive absolute (Ges^{«GKC:113s»§ 113s}) as adverb ‎וְהַעֲרֵב‎ ‎׳‎‎הַשׁ‎ 1Sam 17:16 at early morning and at evening; especially of ‎׳‎‎י‎, in Jeremiah: ‎׳‎‎הַשׁ‎ ‎וְדַבֵּר‎ = speaking early and often Jer 7:13; Jer 35:14 and (of Jeremiah) Jer 25:3, compare Jer 11:7; Jer 32:33 often ‎וְשָׁלוֺחַ‎ ‎׳‎‎הַשׁ‎ = sending early and often Jer 7:25; Jer 24:4; Jer 26:5; Jer 29:19; Jer 35:14; Jer 44:4, also 2Chr 36:15 so verb finite ‎הִשְׁכִּימוּ הִשְׁחִיתוּ‎, Zeph 3:7 = with eagerness they corrupted (Ges^{«GKC:120g»§ 120g}); participle ‎הֹלֵךְ‎ ‎׳‎‎כַּטַּל מַשְׁ‎ Hos 6:4 like the dew departing early, Hos 13:3 (Ges^ib.). — 1Sam 9:26 read ‎וַיִּשְׁכַּב‎, see ‎שׁכב‎

Brown-Driver-Briggs References