Lexical Definition

‎צָפוֹן‎ tsâphôwn (tsaw-fone') north ^H:N-F
or צָפֹן tsâphôn (tsaw-fone'); from ‎צָפַן‎

north(-ern, side, -ward, wind).

• properly, hidden, i.e. dark
• used only of the north as aquarter (gloomy and unknown)

1) north (of direction), northward
1a) north
1b) northward

See Greek: βοῤῥᾶς · εὐώνυμος

Brown-Driver-Briggs

I. ‎צָפוֺן‎₁₅₃ noun feminine^{Isa 43:6} north (as the hidden, dark; compare Thes Lewy^{Fremdw. 188 f.}; perhaps Phoenician ‎צפל‎ north); — absolute ‎׳‎‎צ‎ Jer 26:26 +, ‎צָפֹ֫נָה‎ northward Gen 13:14 +, oftener ‎צָפ֫וֺנָה‎ Jer 3:12 +, also ‎צָפ֫וֺנָה‎ = ‎צָפוֺן‎ Jer 1:13 + (after prepositions and stative construct; compare Ges^{«GKC:90e»§ 90e}); construct ‎מִצְּפוֺן לְ‎ Josh 8:11 +, also ‎מִצְּפוֺן‎ Josh 19:14 Gi (compare Benn; van d. H. Baer ‎׳‎‎מִצָּ‎), ‎מִצְּפ֫וֺנָה לְ‎ Judg 21:19 (‎׳‎‎צ‎ occurs oftenest in Ezekiel [46 t.], Joshua [25 t.], Jeremiah [25 t.], Daniel [9 t.]); — north (opposite south, east, west) Gen 13:14; Gen 28:14 (both J), Exod 27:11 (P), +; ‎׳‎‎פְּאַת צ‎ north side Exod 26:20; Josh 15:5 + (see ‎פֵּאָה‎); so ‎׳‎‎צֶלַיע צ‎ Exod 26:35, ‎׳‎‎רוּחַ הַצּ‎ Ezek 42:17, compare ‎עַליֶֿרֶךְ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ צָפ֫וֺנָה‎ 2Kgs 16:14 ‎׳‎‎גְּבוּל צ‎ Num 34:7; Num 34:9 north boundary; ‎׳‎‎יַתְכְּתֵי צ‎ remote parts of north Isa 14:13 (as divine abode), Ezek 38:6; Ezek 38:15 + (see [ ‎יַרְכָה‎]); ‎׳‎‎שַׁעַר הַצּ‎ Ezek 40:35 +, ‎׳‎‎פֶּתַח צ‎ Ezek 42:2 ‎׳‎‎רוּחַ צ‎ Ezek 25:23 north wind, and so ‎׳‎‎צ‎ alone Song 4:16 toward the north is ‎צָפ֫וֺנָה‎ Josh 13:3 + (see also above), and ‎אֶלצָֿפוֺן‎ Eccl 1:6, ‎׳‎‎אֶלהַֿצּ‎ Ezek 42:1, ‎אֶלהַֿצָּפ֫וֺנָה‎ Ezek 8:14, ‎לַצָּפוֺן‎ Ezek 40:23, ‎דֶּרֶךְ הַצָּפוֺן‎ vEzek 40:20, ‎צָפ֫וֺנָה‎ ‎׳‎‎ד‎ Ezek 8:5 (twice in verse) +, etc.; especially (in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, etc.) of quarter whence invaders were to come, e. g. Assyrians Isa 14:31, compare Zeph 2:13, Babylonians Jer 6:1; Jer 6:22; Jer 15:12; Jer 46:20; Jer 46:24 (‎׳‎‎עַםצֿ‎), Jer 47:2, Ezek 26:7, Cyrus against Babylonian Isa 41:25, compare Jer 50:3; Jer 50:9; Jer 50:41; Jer 51:48 more vaguely, Jer 1:14; Jer 1:15 (‎׳‎‎מַמְלְכוֺת צ‎), Jer 4:6; Jer 10:22; Jer 13:20; Jer 25:9; Jer 25:26 (‎׳‎‎מַלְכֵי הַצּ‎); of Gog's host Ezek 38:6; Ezek 38:15; Ezek 39:2 ‎׳‎‎נְסִיכֵי צ‎ Ezek 32:30 (apparently of nearer [Aramaean?] princes); ‎׳‎‎אֶרֶץ צ‎ Jer 31:8 is region of Carchemish, but Zech 2:10*; Zech 6:6; Zech 6:8 (twice in verse) of Babylon; ‎׳‎‎מֵאֶרֶץ צ‎ (sometimes + other countries) the exiles and dispersed are to return Jer 3:18; Jer 16:15 = Jer 23:8; Jer 31:8, compare Isa 43:6; Isa 49:12 ‎׳‎‎מֶלֶךְ הַצּ‎ Dan 11:6; Dan 11:7; Dan 11:8; Dan 11:11; Dan 11:13; Dan 11:15; Dan 11:40 denotes successive Seleucidae.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References