Lexical Definition

‎פָּתַח‎ pâthach (paw-thakh') to open ^H:V
a primitive root

appear, break forth, draw (out), let go free, (en-) grave(-n), loose (self), (be, be set) open(-ing), put off, ungird, unstop, have vent.

• to open wide (literally or figuratively)
• specifically, to loosen, begin, plough, carve

1) to open
1a) (Qal) to open
1b) (Niphal) to be opened, be let loose, be thrown open
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to free
1c2) to loosen
1c3) to open, open oneself
1d) (Hithpael) to loose oneself
2) to carve, engrave
2a) (Piel) to engrave
2b) (Pual) to be engraved

See Greek: ἀκούω · ἀνατέλλω · ἀνοίγω · ἀφαιρέω · ἀφίημι · διανοίγω · ἐκδύω · ἐκκαίω · ἐκλύω · λύω · ὀρύσσω · παραλύω · σπάω

Brown-Driver-Briggs

Aramaic form: פְּתַח
I. ‎פָּתַח‎ verb open (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician ‎פתח‎; Assyrian pitû, patû; Sabean ‎פתח‎ Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 197}; Arabic ; Ethiopic ; Aramaic ‎פְּתַח‎, ; Nabataean, Palmyrene ‎פתח‎); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎׳‎‎פ‎ 2Kgs 15:16 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יִפְתַּח‎ Exod 21:33 +; 3 masculine plural suffix ‎יִפְתָּחוּם‎ Neh 13:19, etc.; Imperative masculine singular ‎פְּתַחִ‎ 2Kgs 13:17 +; feminine singular ‎פִּתְחִיּ‎ Song 5:2 masculine plural ‎פִּתְחוּ‎ Josh 10:22 +; Infinitive absolute ‎פָּתֹחַ‎ Deut 15:8 +; construct ‎לִפְתֹח‎ Ezek 21:27* +; Participle active ‎פֹּתֵחַ‎ Judg 3:25 +; pass. ‎פָּתוּחַ‎ Jer 5:16 +, etc.; — open sack, ‎שַׂק‎, Gen 42:27 (E), ‎אַמְתַּחַת‎ Gen 43:21; Gen 44:11 (J), skin-bottle (‎נאוד‎). Judg 4:19, hamper (‎תֵּדָה‎) Exod 2:6 (E), pit (‎בּוֺר‎) Exod 21:33 (E; i. e. uncover it), mouth (‎פִּי‎) of cave Josh 10:22 (JE), grave Ezek 37:12; Ezek 37:13 (to bring forth dead), of. (in figurative) Jer 5:16; Ps 5:10* ‎כְּלִי פָתוּחַ‎ Num 19:15 (P) open vessel; door (‎דֶּלֶת‎; sometimes opposed to ‎סָגַר‎) Judg 3:25 + vJudg 3:25 (object omitted), Judg 19:27; 1Sam 3:15; 2Kgs 9:3; 2Kgs 9:10; 2Chr 29:3; Job 31:32 (c.‎ל‎ person); figurative of Leb. Zech 11:1 ‎דַּלתֵי שָׁמַיִם‎ Ps 78:23 (of ‎׳‎‎י‎, sending rain); ‎׳‎‎ד‎ = city-gates Neh 13:19; Isa 45:1(|| ‎שְׁעָרִים‎; ‎׳‎‎י‎ subject, with ‎לפְנֵי‎); ‎׳‎‎ד‎ omitted Song 5:2; Song 5:5; Song 5:6 gate (‎שַׁעַר‎), of land Nah 3:13 (Infinitive absolute + Imperfect Niph`al q. v.), compare Ezek 25:9, ‎שׁער‎ of temple (- court) Ezek 46:12 (with ‎ל‎, person), Ps 118:19 (id.), city Isa 26:2, object omitted Deut 20:11; 2Kgs 15:16 window, ‎חַלּוֺן‎, 2Kgs 13:17 (twice in verse),‎אֲרֻבּוֺת הַשָׁמַיִם‎ (by ‎׳‎‎י‎ sending rain) Gen 8:6(J), Mal 3:10 city Jer 13:19, ‎עִיר פְּתוּחָה‎ Josh 8:17 (JE); absolute ‎וְלאֹ סגר‎ ‎׳‎‎פ‎ Isa 22:22 (twice in verse); — Isa 14:17 is dubious, Gr Perles<sup>Anal. 28. 42</sup> Kit (in Di) read ‎׳‎‎לַאֲסִירָיו לאֹפֿ‎ ‎בֵּיתהַֿכֶּלֶא‎; > Bu Che Marti ‎אֲסִירָיו לאֹ פִּתַּח אִישׁ‎ ‎לְבֵיתוֺ‎; storehouse, armoury Gen 41:56; Jer 50:25 (of ‎׳‎‎י‎), Jer 50:26 (for destruction), figurative of sky, for rain Deut 28:12 (with ‎ל‎ person; of ‎׳‎‎י‎ ), compare open ‎בָּ֑ר‎, expose for sale, Amos 8:5 open womb, i.e. grant offspring Gen 29:31; Gen 30:22 (J); open mouth (‎פֶּה‎) to cry, speak Ezek 21:27*; Job 3:1; Dan 10:16, hence = speak Isa 53:7 (twice in verse); Job 33:2; Ps 39:10*; Ps 78:2 (‎בְּמָשָׁל‎), Ps 109:2 (with ‎עַל‎ person), Prov 24:7; Prov 31:8 (with ‎ל‎ person), vProv 31:9 vProv 31:26 (‎בְּחָכְמָה‎); Ps 49:5* either utter, declare, propound riddle, or open up, expound; have power of speech Ps 38:14* of ‎׳‎‎י‎ giving power of (prophetic) speech Ezek 3:27; Ezek 33:22, giving speech to ass Num 22:28 (J); open mouth, to eat Ezek 3:2, of earth, to swallow up, Num 16:32: Num 26:10, compare (‎פֶּה‎ omitted) Ps 106:17 open lips, to speak Job 11:5 (with ‎עִם‎ person), Job 32:20 (Gi vJob 32:21); of ‎׳‎‎י‎ opening man's lips Ps 51:17*, man's ear Isa 50:5 (Assyrian uznâ puttû); of eyes only passive participle, with ‎אֶל‎ 1Kgs 8:29 = 2Chr 6:20; 1Kgs 8:52; Neh 1:6, with ‎ל‎ 2Chr 6:40 (by zeugma), 2Chr 7:15 (all of ‎׳‎‎י‎'s favour); open hand, in giving Deut 15:8; Deut 15:11 (c, ‎ל‎ person, + infinitive absolute), of ‎׳‎‎י‎ Ps 104:28; Ps 145:16 book Neh 8:5 (twice in verse), letter Neh 6:5 open river (channel) Isa 41:18 (of ‎׳‎‎י‎), rock, letting out water, Ps 105:41 (id.); open sword, = draw it Ezek 21:33*; Ps 37:14 of root ‎שָׁרְשִׁי פָתוּחַ אֱלֵימָֿ֑יִם‎ Job 29:19, i.e. with no obstacle intervening. — ‎תִּפְתַּח אֶרֶץ‎ Isa 45:8 is dubious; verb not elsewhere intransitive; Du Che<sup>Hpt</sup> Marti proposes ‎רַחְמָהּ‎ as object; Gr Kit (in Di) read ‎תִּפָּתַח‎. Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎נִפְתַּח‎ Isa 5:27, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יִפָּתַח‎ Ezek 24:27, ‎יִפָּתֵ֑חַ‎ Ezek 44:2 +, etc.; Infinitive construct ‎הִפָּתֵחַ‎ Isa 51:14 Participle ‎נִפְתָּח‎ Zech 13:1 — be opend, of girdle Isa 5:27 (i.e. loosened), compare of captive Isa 51:14, and, of calamity, Jer 1:14 be let loose (with ‎עַל‎ person); gates Nah 2:7*; Nah 3:13 (of land, thrown open to (‎ל‎) enemy), Ezek 44:2; Ezek 46:1 (twice in verse); Neh 7:3 impersonal of man shut in by God Job 12:14 of windows of heaven Gen 7:11 (P), compare Isa 24:18 (of future destruction); the heavens themselves Ezek 1:1(for visions); fountain Zech 13:1 wine (-skin, with negative) Job 32:19 mouth, in speech Job 24:27; Job 33:22 ears Isa 35:5. Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎פִּתַּח‎ Job 30:11 +, ‎פִּתֵּ֑חַ‎ Job 12:18 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יְפַתַּח‎; Isa 28:24, 1 singular ‎אֲפַתֵּחַ‎ Isa 45:1, etc.; — Infinitive abs ‎פַּתֵּחַ‎ Isa 58:6 construct, id. Ps 102:21* Participle ‎מְפַתֵּ֑חַ‎ 1Kgs 20:11 — loose:

1. free, i.e. ungird, camels Gen 24:32 (J): loins of kings Isa 45:1 (i.e. disarm them); set free, with suffix person Ps 105:20; Jer 40:4 (with ‎מִן‎); with accusative ‎בְּנֵי תְמוּתָה‎ Ps 102:21*.

2. loosen (and remove) sack-cloth Isa 20:2 (c.‎מֵעַל‎ ), Ps 30:12* armour 1Kgs 20:11 (object omitted; opposed to ‎חָגַר‎); bonds Job 12:18; Ps 116:16, compare Isa 58:6; Job 39:5 cord Job 30:11; Job 38:11 loosen ground Isa 28:24 (in tillage; compare Vogelst^{Land wrirthschaft 38}, Assyrian puttû).

3. open gates Isa 60:11, doors Job 41:6* (figurative of crocodile's jaws); ear Isa 48:8 (read probably either ‎פִּתַּחְתִּי‎, ‎פָּתַחְתִּי‎ [ᵐ5](/btb/not_created.html) Du Marti], or ‎נִפְתְּחָה‎ [Gr Che Kit in Di]; buds Song 7:13* (of blossom; object omitted; or intransitive, as sometimes Arabic see Dozy). Hithpa`el Imperative masculine plural ‎התפתחו‎ Isa 52:2 Kt < Qr feminine singular ‎הִתְפַּתְּחִי‎ (so ᵐ5; of personified Jerusalem) loosen thee (Ges^{«GKC:54f»§ 54f}) the fetters of thy neck.

II. [‎פָּתַח‎] verb Pi`el engrave (Late Hebrew Pi`el id.,‎פִּתּוּחַ‎ = Biblical Hebrew, and so ᵑ7; Assyrian patâ—u, bore, penetrate; compare perhaps Arabic , ring (compare Frä²⁵²)); — Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎פִּתַּח‎ 2Chr 3:7, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎וַיְפַתַּח‎ 1Kgs 7:36 2 masculine singular ‎תְּפַתַּח‎ Exod 28:11 Infinitive construct ‎לְפַתֵּחַ‎ 2Chr 2:6*; 2Chr 2:13* Participle ‎מְפַתֵּחַ‎ Zech 3:9 — engrave, with accusative + ‎על‎, on metal 1Kgs 7:36; 2Chr 3:7; Exod 28:36 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb ‎פִּתּוּחֵי חוֺתָם‎), on stone vExod 28:9 with accusative ‎אֶבֶן‎ + accusative of congnate meaning with verb vExod 28:11(all P); with accusative of congnate meaning with verb only, Zech 3:9 (on stone), and, in general, 2Chr 2:6*; 2Chr 2:13*. Pu`al Participle feminine plural ‎מְפֻתָּחֹת פִתּוּחֵי חוֺתָם‎ Exod 39:9 (P) stones engraved with the engravings of signet.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References