Lexical Definition

‎שֶׁמֶשׁ‎ shemesh (sheh'-mesh) sun ^H:N
from an unused root meaning to be brilliant

[phrase] east side(-ward), sun (rising), [phrase] west(-ward), window. See also ‎בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ‎.

• the sun
• by implication, the east
• figuratively, a ray, i.e. (architectural) a notched battlement

1) sun
1a) sun
1b) sunrise, sun-rising, east, sun-setting, west (of direction)
1c) sun (as object of illicit worship)
1d) openly, publicly (in other phrases)
1e) pinnacles, battlements, shields (as glittering or shining)

See Greek: ἥλιος

Brown-Driver-Briggs

‎שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ‎₁₃₃ noun feminine^{Judg 19:14} and masculine^{Gen 19:23} (Albr^{ZAW xv (1895), 324}) sun; — absolute ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Josh 10:12 +, ‎שָׁ֑מֶשׁ‎ Judg 20:43 +; suffix ‎שִׁמְשֵׁךְ‎ Isa 60:20, ‎שִׁמְשָׁךְ‎ Jer 15:9 plural suffix ‎שִׁמְשֹׁתַ֫יִךְ‎ Isa 54:12 —

1. sun, Gen 37:9 (E; + moon, stars); marking time: as rising (verb ‎זָרַת‎ q. v.) Exod 22:2* (E) + 8 t. + Mal 3:20* (figurative ‎צְדָקָה‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎, of reward of the faithful, with wings, i.e. rays ? Now GASm; or winged sun-disc [compare We] ?); verb ‎יְצָא‎ Gen 19:23 (J), Isa 13:10; Judg 5:31 (simile of splendour; see ‎יְצָא‎ 1 f); setting (verb ‎בּוֺא‎) Gen 15:17 (J), Amos 8:9 + 19 t., + ‎לָבוֺא‎ ‎׳‎‎וַיְהִי הַשּׁ‎ Gen 15:12 (JE), ‎יְדַע מְבוֺאוֺ‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Ps 104:19 (see ‎בּוֺא‎ 1 i, ‎מָבוֺא‎ 2); as giving daylight Isa 60:9 hot 1Sam 11:9; Neh 7:3; Exod 16:21 (P), compare Isa 49:10; Jonah 4:8; Ps 121:6 as ripening crops Deut 33:14 (poem), compare (figurative) Job 8:16, tanning the face Song 1:6 standing still at Joshua's word Josh 10:12.13 a (poem in J; || ‎יָרֵחַ‎), vJosh 10:13 b (J), compare Hab 3:11 (+ ‎יָרֵךְַ‎); casting shadow (on dial), ‎׳‎‎יָָֽרְדָה בְמַעֲלוֺת אָחָז בַּשּׁ‎ Isa 38:8, ‎׳‎‎וַתָּשָׁב הַשּׁ‎ vIsa 38:8 set in sky by ‎׳‎‎י‎ Jer 31:25; Ps 19:5*; Ps 74:16; Ps 136:8, enduring Ps 72:5; Ps 72:17 (compare ‎עִם‎ 1 g; [‎פָּנֶה‎]

11. 4 a
(e), p. 817), also Ps 89:37* personified, called to praise ‎׳‎‎י‎ Ps 148:3 (+ ‎יָרֵךְַ‎); to be darkened by ‎׳‎‎י‎'s judgment, Ezek 32:7; Joel 2:10; Joel 3:4*; Joel 4:15* (compare Amos 8:9 above, Mic 3:6).

2. of direction: ‎׳‎‎מִמִּוְרַח הַשּׁ‎ Num 21:11 (E) toward sun-rise, = East, compare Deut 4:41; Deut 4:47 + 16 t. (see ‎מִוְרָךְ‎ p. 280); ‎׳‎‎מְבוֺא הַשּׁ‎ Deut 11:30 + 3 t. (see ‎מָבוֺא‎ 2, p. 99).

3. object of worship (usually + moon, stars, etc.) 2Kgs 23:5; Jer 8:2; Ezek 8:16; Deut 4:19 horses given to ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ 2Kgs 23:11, ‎׳‎‎מַרְכְּבוֺת השּׁ‎ v2Kgs 23:11. — See also ‎׳‎‎בֵּית שׁ‎ p. 112:b.

4. other phrase:
a. ‎׳‎‎נֶגֶד חַשּׁ‎, i.e. openly, publicly, 2Sam 12:12; Num 25:4 (P), so ‎׳‎‎לְעֵינֵי חַשּׁ‎ 2Sam 12:11.
b. figurative of living, ‎׳‎‎חָזָה שׁ‎ Ps 58:9*, ‎׳‎‎רָאָה שׁ‎ Exod 6:5; Exod 7:11; Exod 11:7, opposed to ‎׳‎‎תֶּחְשַׁךְ הַשׁ‎ Exod 12:2.
c. ‎׳‎‎תַּחַת הַשּׁ‎, i. e. on the earth, Eccl 1:3 + 28 t. Ecclesiastes (compare Greek ὐφ’ ἠλίῳ, Kue^{Ond. iii. 196}; Ein1. iii. 192).

5. pinnacle, as glittering, shining, plural Isa 54:12 thy pinnacles, battlements (of Zion), so perhaps singular ‎אֱםהִים‎ ‎׳‎‎וּמָנֵן י‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Ps 84:12* battlement and shield is ‎׳‎‎א‎ ‎׳‎‎י‎ (Gr Bae Du Buhl; most sun, and so Thes De Che SS; Hup-Now hesitates).

I. ‎שׁמשׁ‎ (√ of following; Biblical Hebrew ‎שׁמשׁ‎, ‎שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ‎).

Brown-Driver-Briggs References