Lexical Definition

‎שָׂנֵא‎ sânêʼ (saw-nay') to hate ^H:V
a primitive root

enemy, foe, (be) hate(-ful, -r), odious, [idiom] utterly.

• to hate (personally)

1) to hate, be hateful
1a) (Qal) to hate
1a1) of man
1a2) of God
1a3) hater, one hating, enemy (participle) (subst)
1b) (Niphal) to be hated
1c) (Piel) hater (participle)
1c1) of persons, nations, God, wisdom

See Greek: ἐχθρός · μισέω · ὑπεναντίος

Extended Information

• Aramaic equivalent: se.ne (‎ש‎ְׂ‎נ‎ָ‎א‎ "to hate" שְׂנֵא)

Brown-Driver-Briggs

‎שָׂנֵא‎₁₄₅ verb hate (Late Hebrew id.; MI⁴ ‎שנאי‎ my foes; Sabean ‎שנאם‎ foe SabDenkm^{No. 12, 1. 9} compare Ib.^{No. 7, 1. 9} CIS^{iv, No. 173, 1. 6}; Arabic , , hate; Aramaic ‎סְנָא‎, , id., ‎סָנְאָה‎, hater, etc.; Ethiopic hate is ); —

Qal₁₂₈ Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎׳‎‎שׂ‎ Deut 12:31 +, suffix ‎שְׂנֵאָהּ‎ 2Sam 13:15 +; 2 masculine singular ‎שָׂנֵאתָ‎ Ps 5:6* +, suffix ‎שְׂנֵאתַ֫נִי‎ Judg 14:16, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יִשְׂנָא‎ Prov 13:5; Prov 26:28, suffix ‎יִשְׂפּנָאֶ֑ךָּ‎ 9:s, etc.; Imperative masculine plural ‎שִׂנְאוּ‎ Amos 9:15; Ps 97:10 Infinitive absolute ‎שָׂנאֹ‎ Judg 15:2 construct ‎שְׂנאֹ‎ Gen 37:5 +, ‎שְׂנאֹת‎ Prov 8:13 Participle active ‎שׂנֵא‎ Deut 4:42 +, ‎שׂנַאֲךָ‎ Exod 23:5; Prov 25:21 plural construct ‎שׂנְאֵי‎ Exod 18:21 +, etc.; passive feminine singular ‎שְׂנוּאָה‎ Gen 29:31 +; masculine plural construct ‎שְׂנֻאֵי‎ 2Sam 5:8 Qr (> Kt ‎שָֽׂנְאוּ‎); — hate (often opposed to ‎אָהֵב‎):

1. human;
a. with accusative of person Gen 26:27 (J), Gen 37:5; Gen 37:8 (E), Judg 11:7; 2Sam 13:22; Amos 5:10 (|| ‎תֵּעֵב‎) + 17 t. (evil-doers Ps 26:5; Ps 31:7*; Ps 139:21), + (object wife) Judg 14:16; Judg 15:2 (twice in verse); + passive participle, of wife, Gen 29:31 (twice in verse) (J), Deut 21:15 (twice in verse); Deut 21:16; Deut 21:17, compare Prov 30:23 figurative of Zion Isa 60:15 (+ ‎עֲזוּבָה‎); specifically of sexual revulsion 2Sam 13:15 (twice in verse) (+ accusative of congnate meaning with verb), Deut 22:13; Deut 22:16; Deut 24:3 so, object man (of Jerusalem under figure of harlot) Ezek 16:37 passive ‎שְׂנֻאֵי נֶפֶשׁ דָּוִד‎ 2Sam 5:8 (but see obscure); reflexive (accusative ‎נַפְשׁוֺ‎) Prov 29:24, absolute Eccl 3:8.
b. with accusative of thing, Ezek 35:6 (but read ‎בְּדָם אָשַׁמְתָּ‎ ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Co Berthol Toy), Eccl 2:17; Eccl 2:18, especially evil Exod 18:21 (E), Mic 3:2; Ps 45:7* + 10 t., virtue, etc. Mic 3:2; Prov 1:22 + 4 t.

2. subject ‎׳‎‎י‎; object perverse Israel Amos 6:8 (its palaces), Hos 9:15; Jer 12:8 wickedness Ps 5:6*; Ps 11:5 idolatry and evil Amos 5:21; Isa 1:14; Isa 61:8; Jer 44:4; Mal 2:16 + 5 t.

3. Participle active₅₄ as adjective Isa 66:5 (as verb with 1 singular pronoun Isa 61:8, 2 above); usually substantive, Prov 13:24 one hating his son (opposed to ‎אֹהֵב‎); elsewhere = enemy foe (usually construct or with suffix), singular and plural (often || ‎אֹיֵב‎, sometimes opposed to ‎אֹהֵב‎): foe of man Exod 23:5 (E), Gen 24:60 (J), Lev 26:17 (H) +, nation Exod 1:10 (E), Esth 9:1; Esth 9:5; Esth 9:16 +, absolute Prov 26:24; Prov 27:6, (c. 31 t. in all); + ‎לֹא שׂנֵא‎ with ‎ל‎ person, a no-hater to one Deut 4:42; Deut 19:4; Deut 19:6; Josh 20:5, and (without ‎לֹא‎) Deut 19:11 foe of good Mic 3:2, compare Job 34:17 + 3 t., of evil Exod 18:21; Prov 28:1, compare Prov 15:27 of suretyship Prov 11:15 (i.e. not giving it); foes of ‎׳‎‎י‎ Exod 20:5 = Deut 5:9; Deut 7:10 (twice in verse); 2Chr 19:2. Niph`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יִשָּׂנֵא‎ Prov 14:17 is hated, so vProv 14:20 (+ ‎ל‎ person by, see ‎לְ‎ 5 d). Pi`el Participle suffix ‎מְשַׂנְאִי‎ Job 31:29; Ps 55:13* plural construct ‎מְשַׂנְאֵי‎ Ps 81:16* suffix ‎מְשַׂנְאַי‎ 2Sam 22:41 +, etc.; — enemy (Qal 3) || ‎אֹיֵב‎, ‎צָר‎, etc.:

1. personal and national, Job 31:29; Deut 33:11 (poem), 2Sam 22:41 = Ps 18:41*; Ps 44:8*; Ps 44:11*; Ps 55:13*; Ps 68:2*; Ps 89:24*.

2. of ‎׳‎‎י‎ Num 10:35 (J), Deut 32:41 (poem), Ps 81:16*; Ps 83:3*; Ps 139:21.

3. of wisdom Prov 8:36.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References