Lexical Definition

‎שֶׁמֶן‎ shemen (sheh'-men) oil ^H:N-M
from ‎שָׁמַן‎

anointing, [idiom] fat (things), [idiom] fruitful, oil(-ed), ointment, olive, [phrase] pine.

• grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)
• figuratively, richness

1) fat, oil
1a) fat, fatness
1b) oil, olive oil
1b1) as staple, medicament or unguent
1b2) for anointing
1c) fat (of fruitful land, valleys) (metaph)

See Greek: ἔλαιον · εὐφροσύνη · μύρον · Γεθσημανῆ

Brown-Driver-Briggs

‎שֶׁ֫מֶן‎₁₉₂ noun masculine 2Kgs 20:13 (on apparently feminine Song 1:3 compare Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 99, 106}) fat, oil; — ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ absolute Gen 28:28 +, construct Lev 8:2 +; ‎׳‎‎שָׁ֑‎ 2Kgs 4:6 +; suffix ‎שַׁמְנִי‎ Hos 2:7* +, etc.; plural ‎שְׁמָנִים‎ Amos 6:6 +; suffix ‎שְׁמָנֶיךָ‎ Song 1:3, ‎נַיִח‎- Song 4:10 —

1. fat, fatness: ‎׳‎‎קֶרֶן בֶּןשֿׁ‎ Isa 5:1 (of fertile slope); plural ‎גֵּיאשְֿׁמָנִים‎ Isa 28:1; Isa 28:4 of food (in figurative) Isa 25:6 (twice in verse); literal ‎כְּשָׂרִי כָּחַשׁ מִשָּׁ֑מֶן‎ Ps 109:24 (compare ‎צוֺם‎ v^a), compare ‎׳‎‎מִפְּנֵי שׁ‎ Isa 10:27 (in figurative, si vera lectio, meaning obscure; most now emend by conjecture; RS^{JPH xili (1885), 62} ‎עָלָה מִצָּפוֺן שֹׁרֵד‎ [see also II. ‎חבל‎], joining to vIsa 10:28 Du Marti has gone up from Pene-Rimmon [??], compare Di-Kit).

2. a. oil, specifically olive-oil, as rich product Deut 8:8 + (see ‎זַיִת‎); hence ‎׳‎‎עֵץ שׁ‎ Isa 41:19 oil-tree, usually explained as wild olive, oleaster, so Neh 8:15 (|| ‎וַיִת‎), ‎׳‎‎עֲצֵי שׁ‎ oleaster-wood 1Kgs 6:23; 1Kgs 6:31; 1Kgs 6:32; 1Kgs 6:33 once ‎הַמֹּר‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Esth 2:2 (see ‎מֹר‎ p. 600:b; ‎׳‎‎מ‎ also in holy anointing oil Exod 30:23).
b. ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ as staple (codiment) Num 11:8 (J; see ‎לשׁד‎), of value 1Kgs 17:12; 1Kgs 17:14; 1Kgs 17:16; 2Kgs 2:4; 2Kgs 2:6; 2Kgs 2:7 + 4 t.; symbol of plenty Deut 32:13; Deut 33:24; Job 29:6 ascribed (fassely) to gift of Baals Hos 2:7* as royal treasure 2Kgs 20:13 = Isa 39:2, compare 1Kgs 5:25* (‎כָּ תִית‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎, see ‎׳‎‎כ‎) = 2Chr 2:9*; 2Chr 2:14* + 3 t.; tribute Hos 12:2*, article of trade Ezek 27:17 odoriferous Prov 27:9; Song 1:3; Song 4:10, ‎רוֺקֵחַ‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Eccl 10:1, so (figurative) Song 1:3; Eccl 7:1; Prov 27:16 is corrupt, see Toy; sign of luxury Ezek 16:13; Prov 21:17, of prosperity Ezek 16:20.
c. ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ as medicament Isa 1:6 as unguent, for shield 2Sam 1:21, person Amos 6:6; Mic 6:15; Deut 28:40; Ezek 16:9 Esther; Ps 92:11*; Ps 104:15, not for mourner 2Sam 14:2 on head token of happiness Eccl 9:8, of hospitality, ‎ראֹשִׁי‎ ‎׳‎‎דִּפַּנְתָּ בַּפֹּ‎ Ps 23:5 (figurative), in simile Ps 133:2; Ps 141:5.
d. for anointing king, ‎׳‎‎פַּח הַשּׂ‎ 1Sam 10:1; 2Kgs 9:1; 2Kgs 9:3, compare v2Kgs 9:6, with ‎קֶרֶן‎ 1Sam 16:1; 1Sam 16:13; 1Kgs 1:39 compare ‎קָדְשִׁי מְשַׁחְתִּיו‎ ‎׳‎‎בְּשׁ‎ Ps 89:21*.
e. in various figs., of joy ‎שָׂשׂוֺן‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Isa 61:3; Ps 45:8* soft words Ps 55:22*; Prov 5:3 as penetrating Prov 109:18 as clear, transparent Ezek 32:14. feminine used in primitive worship, poured on stone Gen 28:18 (E), Gen 35:14 (J).
g. in later ritual: for anointing priests, tabernacle, altar utensils, etc. (P), made of various ingred., ‎וַיִת‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ among them, Exod 30:24, ‎הַמִּשְׁתָה‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Exod 25:6; Lev 8:2; Lev 8:10; Lev 8:12 + 11 t.; ‎מִשְׁחַתקֹֿדֶשׁ‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Exod 30:25 (twice in verse) + 2 t.; ‎׳‎‎י‎ ‎׳‎‎מ‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Lev 10:7, ‎אֱםהָיו‎ ‎׳‎‎מ‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Lev 21:12 ‎׳‎‎הקּ‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Num 35:25 ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ alone Lev 14:10 + 12 t. Lev 14 for lighting Exod 25:6 + 6 t. + ‎זַיִת זָח כָּ חִית‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Exod 27:20; Lev 24:2 (see ‎כָּ תִית‎); poured upon ‎מִנְחָה‎ Lev 2:1 + 5 t., compare Lev 5:11; Num 5:15 smeared (see ‎מָשַׁח‎) upon wafers Exod 29:2; Lev 2:4 +, and cakes (or mixed in the making? compare ‎בָּלַל‎) Exod 29:2; Lev 2:4; Lev 2:5 +, so ‎׳‎‎סֹלֶת בַּשׁ‎ Lev 2:7 etc. (c. 45 t. in all), ‎׳‎‎חַלַּת לֶחֶם שׁ‎ Exod 29:23; Lev 8:26.
h. for use in temple 1Chr 9:29.
i. for ‎תְּרוּמָה‎ in Ezekiel's temple Ezek 45:14 (twice in verse) + 7 t. 45, 46.
j. efficacy denied Mic 6:7
k. offered to idols Isa 57:9; Ezek 16:18; Ezek 16:19; Ezek 23:41. — See Macalister^{Hast. DB OIL} ARSK^{Ency. Bib. OIL}.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References