Lexical Definition

‎אַף‎ ʼaph (af) also ^H:Part
a primitive particle

also, [phrase] although, and (furthermore, yet), but, even, [phrase] how much less (more, rather than), moreover, with, yea.

• meaning accession (used as an adverb or conjunction)
• also or yea
• adversatively though

conj (denoting addition, esp of something greater)
1) also, yea, though, so much the more
adv
2) furthermore, indeed

Extended Information

• conj (denoting addition, esp of something greater)
• adv
• Aramaic equivalent: aph (‎א‎ַ‎ף‎ "also" אַף)

Brown-Driver-Briggs

Aramaic form: אַף
II. ‎אַף‎ conjunction denoting addition, especially of something greater, also, yea (so Phoenician, Aramaic , ‎אַף‎, ‎אוֺף‎; compare ).

1. very rare in plain prose (in which ‎גַּם‎ is more usual): Gen 40:16* (*with pronoun, as rather often) I also in my dream, Num 16:14; Deut 2:11*; Deut 2:20* 2Sam 20:14 (see Dr) 2Kgs 2:14 * Esth 5:12 more frequently in poetry, especially as introducing emphatically a new thought Deut 33:3; Deut 33:20; Deut 33:28; 1Sam 2:7; Ps 16:6; Ps 16:7; Ps 16:9; Ps 18:49*; Ps 65:14* they shout for joy, yea, they sing! Ps 68:9*; Ps 68:17*; Ps 74:16; Ps 89:28*; Ps 1; Prov 22:19* Prov 23:28* +; or in more elevated prose style, Lev 26:16*; Lev 26:24*; Lev 26:28*; Lev 26:41*; and 25 t. in the impassioned rhetoric of Isa² (Isa 40:24-48:15), e.g. Isa 40:24; Isa 41:10; Isa 41:26; Isa 42:13; Isa 43:7; Isa 43:19; Isa 46:11 yea, I have spoken, I will also bring it to pass; I have purposed, I will also do it! Isa 48:12; Isa 48:15. Implying something surprising or unexpected, even, indeed Job 14:3; Job 15:4*. ‎וְאַף‎ and also Lev 26:39; Lev 26:40; Lev 26:42; Lev 26:44; Deut 15:17; Hab 2:15; Ps 68:19*; 1Chr 8:32* = 1Chr 9:38* 2Chr 12:5* Neh 2:18; Neh 13:15 and even Job 19:4 ‎וְאַףאָֿמְנָם שָׁגִיתִי‎ and even indeed (if) I have erred . . . With ‎הֲ‎, ‎הַאַף‎ indeed . . .? really . . .? Gen 18:13; Gen 18:23 wilt thou indeed sweep away the righteous with the wicked? vGen 18:24; Amos 2:11; Job 34:17; Job 40:8. In contrast to a preceding thought (expressed or implied) but, nay (imo) Ps 44:10*; Ps 58:3* compare Judg 5:29*.

2. (Equally in prose and poetry) with reference to a preceding sentence, yea, à fortiori, the more so (= how much more! after an affirm. clause; = how much less! after a negative one): 2Sam 4:10f. when one told me, Saul is dead . . . I took hold of him and slew him . . . ‎׳‎‎אַף כִּיאֲֿנָשִׁים רְשָׁעִים הָרְגוּ וג‎ à fortiori, how much more (should I do so when wicked men have slain a righteous person, etc.! Ezek 14:21 (Ew Hi) Ezek 15:5; Prov 21:27 (in all these passages ‎כִּי‎ = when) Job 4:19. So ‎וְאַף‎ 1Sam 23:3; 2Kgs 5:13 . . . ‎וְאַף כִּיאָֿמַר אֵלֶיךָ‎ and the more (= and how much rather), when he hath said to thee, etc. More commonly in this sense strengthened by ‎כִּי‎ (q. v.), see below

Brown-Driver-Briggs References