(KJV) 1 Kings 221
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⥃Ahab and the False Prophets [ 2 Chronicles 18:1–11 ]
[1] And they continued three years without war between Syria and Israel.2 [2] And it came to pass in the third3 year, that Jehoshaphat4 the king of Judah came down to the king of Israel.5 [3] And the king of Israel said unto his servants, Know ye that Ramoth6 in Gilead [is] ours, and we [be] still7, [and] take it not out of the hand of the king of Syria? [4] And he said unto Jehoshaphat, Wilt thou go8 with me to battle to Ramoth–gilead? And Jehoshaphat said to the king of Israel, I [am] as thou9 [art], my people as thy people, my horses as thy horses. [5] And Jehoshaphat said unto the king of Israel, Enquire10, I pray thee, at the word of the Lord to day. [6] Then the king of Israel gathered the prophets together11, about four hundred men, and said unto them, Shall I go against Ramoth–gilead to battle, or shall I forbear? And they said, Go up12; for the Lord13 shall deliver [it] into the hand of the king. [7] And Jehoshaphat said, [Is there] not14 here a prophet of the Lord besides, that we might enquire of him? [8] And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, [There is] yet one man15, Micaiah the son of Imlah, by whom we may enquire of the Lord: but I hate him16; for he doth not prophesy good17 concerning me18, but evil. And Jehoshaphat said, Let not the19 king say so. [9] Then the king of Israel called an officer20, and said, Hasten21 [hither] Micaiah the son of Imlah. [10] And the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah sat each on his throne, having put22 on their robes, in a void place23 in the entrance of the gate of Samaria; and all the prophets24 prophesied before them. [11] And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron25: and he said, Thus saith26 the Lord, With these shalt thou push the Syrians, until thou have consumed them. [12] And all the prophets prophesied so, saying, Go up27 to Ramoth–gilead, and prosper: for the Lord shall deliver [it] into the king’s hand.
⥃Micaiah Prophesies against Ahab [ 2 Chronicles 18:12–27 ]
[13] And the messenger that was gone to call Micaiah spake unto him, saying, Behold now28, the words of the prophets [declare] good unto the king with one mouth: let thy word, I pray thee, be like the word of one of them, and speak [that which is] good. [14] And Micaiah said, [As] the Lord liveth, what the Lord29 saith unto me, that will I speak.
[15] So he came to the king. And the king said unto him, Micaiah, shall we go30 against Ramoth–gilead to battle, or shall we forbear? And he answered him, Go, and prosper31: for the Lord shall deliver [it] into the hand of the king. [16] And the king said unto him, How many times shall I adjure32 thee that thou tell33 me nothing but [that which is] true in the name of the Lord? [17] And he said, I saw34 all Israel scattered upon the hills, as sheep35 that have not a shepherd: and the Lord said, These have no master: let them return every man to his house in peace. [18] And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, Did I not tell36 thee that he would prophesy no good concerning me, but evil? [19] And he said, Hear thou37 therefore the word of the Lord: I saw the Lord38 sitting on his throne, and all the host39 of heaven standing by him on his right hand and on his left. [20] And the Lord said, Who shall persuade40 Ahab, that he may go up and fall at Ramoth–gilead? And one said on this manner, and another said on that manner. [21] And there came forth a spirit, and stood before the Lord, and said, I will persuade him.41 [22] And the Lord said unto him, Wherewith? And he said, I will go forth, and I will be a lying spirit42 in the mouth of all his prophets. And he said, Thou shalt43 persuade [him], and prevail also: go forth, and do so. [23] Now therefore, behold, the Lord44 hath put a lying spirit in the mouth of all these thy prophets, and the Lord45 hath spoken evil concerning thee. [24] But Zedekiah46 the son of Chenaanah went near, and smote Micaiah47 on the cheek, and said, Which way48 went the Spirit of the Lord from me to speak unto thee? [25] And Micaiah said, Behold49, thou shalt see in that day, when thou shalt go into an inner chamber50 to hide thyself. [26] And the king of Israel said, Take Micaiah, and carry him back51 unto Amon the governor of the city, and to Joash the king’s son; [27] And say, Thus saith the king, Put this [fellow52] in the prison, and feed him with bread of affliction53 and with water of affliction, until I come in peace54. [28] And Micaiah said, If thou return55 at all in peace, the Lord hath not spoken by me. And he said, Hearken56, O people, every one of you.
⥃Ahab’s Defeat and Death [ 2 Chronicles 18:28–34 ]
[29] So the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah went up to Ramoth–gilead.57 [30] And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, I will58 disguise myself, and enter into the battle59; but put thou on thy robes. And the king of Israel disguised himself60, and went into the battle. [31] But the king of Syria commanded his thirty and two61 captains that had rule over his chariots, saying, Fight62 neither with small nor great63, save only with the king of Israel. [32] And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, that they said, Surely it [is] the king of Israel. And they turned64 aside to fight against him: and Jehoshaphat65 cried out. [33] And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots perceived that it [was] not the king of Israel, that they turned66 back from pursuing him. [34] And a [certain] man drew a bow at a venture67, and smote68 the king of Israel between the joints of the harness69: wherefore he said unto the driver of his chariot, Turn thine hand, and carry me out of the host; for I am wounded70. [35] And the battle increased71 that day: and the king was stayed up in his chariot against the Syrians, and died at even72: and the blood ran out of the wound into the midst73 of the chariot. [36] And there went74 a proclamation throughout the host about the going down of the sun, saying, Every man75 to his city, and every man to his own country.
[37] [¶]So the king died, and was brought76 to Samaria; and they buried the king in Samaria. [38] And [one] washed the chariot in the pool of Samaria; and the dogs77 licked up his blood; and they washed his armour; according unto the word of the Lord which he spake. [39] Now the rest78 of the acts of Ahab, and all that he did, and the ivory house79 which he made, and all the cities that he built, [are] they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?80 [40] So Ahab slept81 with his fathers; and Ahaziah82 his son reigned in his stead.
⥃Jehoshaphat Reigns in Judah [ 2 Chronicles 20:31–34 ]
[41] And Jehoshaphat83 the son of Asa began to reign84 over Judah in the fourth year of Ahab king of Israel.85 [42] Jehoshaphat [was] thirty and five86 years old when he began to reign; and he reigned twenty and five years in Jerusalem. And his mother’s87 name [was] Azubah the daughter of Shilhi. [43] And he walked88 in all the ways of Asa his father; he turned89 not aside from it, doing90 [that which was] right in the eyes of the Lord: nevertheless the high91 places were not taken away; [for] the people offered and burnt incense yet in the high places. [44] And Jehoshaphat made peace92 with the king of Israel. [45] Now93 the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, and his might that he shewed, and how he warred, [are] they94 not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? [46] And the remnant95 of the sodomites, which remained in the days of his father Asa, he took out of the land. [47] [There was] then no king96 in Edom: a deputy [was] king. [48] Jehoshaphat97 made ships98 of Tharshish99 to go to Ophir100 for gold: but they went not101; for the ships were broken at Ezion–geber102. [49] Then said Ahaziah the son of Ahab unto Jehoshaphat, Let my servants go with thy servants in the ships. But Jehoshaphat would not.
[50] [¶]And Jehoshaphat slept with his fathers103, and was buried with his fathers in the city104 of David his father: and Jehoram105 his son reigned in his stead.106
⥃Ahaziah Reigns in Israel [ 2 Kings 1:1–16 ]
[51] [¶]Ahaziah the son of Ahab began107 to reign over Israel in Samaria the seventeenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and reigned two years108 over Israel.109 [52] And he did evil110 in the sight of the Lord, and walked in the way111 of his father, and in the way112 of his mother, and in the way of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin: [53] For he served Baal113, and worshipped him, and provoked114 to anger the Lord God of Israel, according to all115 that his father had done.
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1Kgs 22:1, Ahab, seduced by false prophets, according to the word of Micaiah, is slain at Ramoth–gilead; 1Kgs 22:37, The dogs lick up his blood, and Ahaziah succeeds him; 1Kgs 22:41, Jehoshaphat’s good reign; 1Kgs 22:45, His acts; 1Kgs 22:46, Jehoram succeeds him; 1Kgs 22:51, Ahaziah’s evil reign. ↩
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am 3104-3107, bc 900-897, 1Kgs 20:34 ↩
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1Kgs 22:41, 1Kgs 22:44, 1Kgs 15:24; 2Kgs 8:18; 2Chr 18:1, 2Chr 18:2-27 ↩
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am 3107, bc 897 ↩
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Heb. silent from taking it, Judg 16:2; 2Sam 19:10 *marg. ↩
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2Chr 19:2; Ps 139:21-22; Prov 13:20; 1Cor 15:33; 2Cor 6:16-17; Eph 5:11; 2John 1:11; Rev 2:26 ↩
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Num 27:21; Josh 9:14; Judg 1:1, Judg 20:18, Judg 20:23, Judg 20:29; 1Sam 14:18, 1Sam 23:2, 1Sam 23:4, 1Sam 23:9-12; 1Sam 30:8; 2Kgs 1:3, 2Kgs 3:11; 1Chr 10:13; 2Chr 18:4-5; Prov 3:5-6; Jer 21:2; Jer 42:2-6; Ezek 14:3, Ezek 20:1-3 ↩
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1Kgs 22:15, 1Kgs 22:22-23; 2Chr 18:14; Jer 5:31, Jer 8:10-11, Jer 14:13-14, Jer 23:14-17; Jer 28:1-9; Ezek 13:7-16, Ezek 13:22; Matt 7:15; 2Pet 2:1-3; Rev 19:20 ↩
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This prophecy is couched in the ambiguous terms in which the heathen oracles were delivered. It may mean, either "The Lord will deliver it (Ramoth Gilead) into the king's (Ahab's) hand;" or, "The Lord will deliver (Israel) into the king's (of Syria) hand." So in the famous reply of the Delphian oracle to Pyrrhus: Aio te Aacida, Romanos vincere posse: Ibis redibis nunquam in bello peribis; "I say to thee, Pyrrhus the Romans shall overcome. Thou shalt go, thou shalt return never in war shalt thou perish." ↩
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1Kgs 22:27, 1Kgs 20:43, 1Kgs 21:20; Gen 37:8; 2Chr 36:16; Ps 34:21; Prov 9:8, Prov 15:12; Isa 49:7; Jer 18:18, Jer 20:10, Jer 43:3-4; Amos 5:10; Zech 11:8; Matt 10:22; John 3:19-21, John 7:7, John 15:18-19, John 17:14; Gal 4:16; Rev 11:7-10 ↩
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1Kgs 22:30; Esth 5:1, Esth 6:8-9; Matt 6:20, Matt 11:8; Acts 12:21, Acts 25:23 ↩
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Heb. floor ↩
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Jer 27:2, Jer 28:10-14; Zech 1:18-21; Acts 19:13-16; 2Cor 11:13-15; 2Tim 3:8 ↩
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Jer 23:17, Jer 23:25, Jer 23:31, Jer 28:2-3, Jer 29:21; Ezek 13:6-9, Ezek 22:27-28; Mic 3:11 ↩
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Ps 10:11, Ps 11:1, Ps 14:1, Ps 50:21; Isa 30:10-11; Hos 7:3; Amos 7:13-17; Mic 2:6-7, Mic 2:11; 1Cor 2:14-16 ↩
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Num 22:38, Num 24:13; 2Chr 18:12-13; Jer 23:28, Jer 26:2-3, Jer 42:4; Ezek 2:4-8; Ezek 3:17-19; Acts 20:26-27; 2Cor 2:17, 2Cor 4:2; Gal 1:10 ↩
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This was strong irony; they were the precise words of the false prophets; but were spoken by Micaiah in such a tone and manner as at once shewed Ahab that he did not believe, but ridiculed these words of uncertainty. The reply of the Delphian oracle to Crosesus was as ambiguous as that returned to Pyrrhus, Croesus Halym penetrans magnam pervertet opum vim, "If Croesus crosses the Halys, he will overthrow a great empire." This he understood of the empire of Cyrus; the event proved it to be his own. He was deluded, yet the oracle maintained its credit. 1Kgs 18:27; Judg 10:14; 2Kgs 3:13; 2Chr 18:14; Eccl 11:9; Matt 26:45 ↩
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Josh 6:26; 1Sam 14:24; 2Chr 18:15; Matt 26:63; Mark 5:7; Acts 19:13 ↩
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1Kgs 22:34-36; Num 27:17; 2Chr 18:16-17; Jer 23:1-2, Jer 50:6, Jer 50:17; Ezek 34:4-6; Zech 10:2, Zech 13:7; Matt 9:36 ↩
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Isa 1:10, Isa 28:14; Jer 2:4, Jer 29:20, Jer 42:15; Ezek 13:2; Amos 7:16 ↩
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Micaiah evidently gives here an account of what appeared to him in a vision. Many of the circumstances must be considered as parabolical; for truth, rather than facts, is revealed in such representations. 2Chr 18:18-22; Isa 6:1-3; Ezek 1:26-28; Dan 7:9-10; Acts 7:55-56; Rev 4:2-3 ↩
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Job 1:6, Job 2:1; Ps 103:20-21; Isa 6:2-3; Zech 1:10; Matt 18:10, Matt 25:31; Heb 1:7, Heb 1:14, Heb 12:22; Rev 5:11 ↩
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Job 1:8-11, Job 2:4-6; John 8:44; Acts 5:3-4; 2Thess 2:9-10; 1Tim 4:1; 1John 4:6; Rev 12:9-10, Rev 13:14, Rev 16:13-14, Rev 20:3, Rev 20:7, Rev 20:10 ↩
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1Kgs 22:20; Judg 9:23; Job 12:16; Ps 109:17; 2Thess 2:10-12; Rev 17:17 ↩
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Exod 4:21, Exod 10:20; Deut 2:30; 2Chr 25:16; Isa 6:9-10, Isa 44:20; Ezek 14:3-5, Ezek 14:9; Matt 13:13-15, Matt 24:24-25 ↩
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1Kgs 22:8-11, 1Kgs 20:42, 1Kgs 21:19; Num 23:19-20, Num 24:13; Isa 3:11 ↩
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2Chr 18:23-24; Isa 50:5-6; Lam 3:30; Mic 5:1; Mark 14:65, Mark 15:19-20; John 15:18, John 15:20; Acts 23:2 ↩
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Num 31:8; Isa 9:14-16; Jer 23:15, Jer 28:16-17, Jer 29:21-22, Jer 29:32; Amos 7:17; 2Pet 2:1; Rev 19:20 ↩
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or, from chamber to chamber, Heb. a chamber in a chamber, 1Kgs 20:30 *marg. ↩
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2Chr 16:10, 2Chr 18:25-27; Jer 20:2, Jer 29:26, Jer 37:15, Jer 38:6; Lam 3:53-55; Mark 6:17-28; Luke 3:20; Acts 5:18, Acts 16:23-24, Acts 24:25-27, Acts 26:10; Eph 3:1; Rev 2:10 ↩
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Num 16:29; Deut 18:20-22; 2Kgs 1:10, 2Kgs 1:12; Isa 44:26; Jer 28:8-9; Acts 13:10-11 ↩
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1Kgs 18:21-24, 1Kgs 18:36-37; 2Chr 18:27; Amos 3:1; Mic 1:2; Mark 7:14-16, Mark 12:37 ↩
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etc. or, when he was to disguise himself ↩
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put thou on, 1Kgs 22:10; Ps 12:2 ↩
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1Kgs 14:2, 1Kgs 20:38; 1Sam 28:8; 2Sam 14:2; 2Chr 18:29, 2Chr 35:22; Prov 21:30; Jer 23:24 ↩
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Exod 14:10; 2Chr 18:31; Ps 50:15, Ps 91:15, Ps 116:1-2, Ps 130:1-4; Jonah 2:1-2 ↩
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Heb. in his simplicity, 2Sam 15:11 ↩
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Heb. made sick, 2Chr 18:30, 2Chr 35:23 *marg. Mic 6:13 ↩
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Heb. ascended ↩
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Heb. bosom ↩
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1Kgs 12:24; Judg 7:7-8, Judg 21:24; 1Sam 4:10; 2Sam 19:8; 2Kgs 14:12 ↩
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Heb. came, 1Kgs 22:37 ↩
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1Kgs 21:19; Josh 23:14-15; Isa 44:25-26, Isa 48:3-5; Jer 44:21-23; Zech 1:4-6; Matt 24:35 ↩
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1Kgs 14:19, 1Kgs 15:23, 1Kgs 15:31, 1Kgs 16:5, 1Kgs 16:20, 1Kgs 16:27 ↩
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That is, probably, decorated with ivory in such abundance as to merit the appellation of an ivory house. 1Kgs 10:18, 1Kgs 10:22; Ps 45:8; Ezek 27:6, Ezek 27:15; Amos 3:15, Amos 6:4 ↩
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am 3086-3107, bc 918-897 ↩
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"Began to reign alone. 1Kgs 22:51." ↩
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am 3090, bc 914 ↩
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1Kgs 15:11, 1Kgs 15:14; 2Chr 14:2-5, 2Chr 14:11, 2Chr 15:8, 2Chr 15:17, 2Chr 17:3 ↩
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1Kgs 15:5; Exod 32:8; 1Sam 12:20-21; 2Chr 16:7-12; Ps 40:4, Ps 101:3, Ps 125:5; Prov 4:27 ↩
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1Kgs 14:23, 1Kgs 15:14; 2Kgs 12:3, 2Kgs 14:3-4, 2Kgs 15:3-4, 2Kgs 18:22 ↩
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1Kgs 14:24, 1Kgs 15:12; Gen 19:5; Deut 23:17; Judg 19:22; Rom 1:26-27; 1Cor 6:9; 1Tim 1:10; Jude 1:7 ↩
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Gen 25:23, Gen 27:40, Gen 36:31-43; 2Sam 8:14; 2Kgs 3:9, 2Kgs 8:20; Ps 108:9-10 ↩
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2Chr 20:35, 36-21:1 ↩
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or, had ten ships, 1Kgs 10:22; 2Chr 9:21; Ps 48:7; Isa 2:16, Isa 60:9; Jonah 1:3 ↩
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Josephus and the Chaldee and Arabic paraphrasts explain this place of Tarsus in Cilicia; the LXX, Theodoret, and Jerome, understand it of Carthage; but the learned Bochart makes it Tartessus, an island in the straits of Gades. Ibn Haukal describes Tarsousa as belonging to Andalus, or Andalusia; and Festus Avienus expressly says, Hic Gadir urbs est dicta Tartessus prius, "the city Cadiz was formerly called Tartessus." ↩
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am 3115, bc 889 ↩
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"Now he begins to reign alone." 1Kgs 22:40. ↩
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am 3107-3108, bc 897-896 ↩
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1Kgs 21:25; 2Kgs 8:27, 2Kgs 9:22; 2Chr 22:3; Mark 6:24; Rev 3:20 ↩