(KJV) 2 Chronicles 351

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Josiah Restores the Passover[ 2 Kings 23:21–27 ]

[1] Moreover Josiah2 kept a passover unto the Lord in Jerusalem: and they killed the passover on the fourteenth3 [day] of the first month. [2] And he set the priests in their charges4, and encouraged5 them to the service of the house of the Lord, [3] And said unto the Levites6 that taught all Israel, which were holy unto the Lord, Put7 the holy ark in the house8 which Solomon the son of David king of Israel did build; [it shall] not [be9] a burden upon [your] shoulders: serve now10 the Lord your God, and his people Israel, [4] And prepare [yourselves] by the houses11 of your fathers, after your courses12, according to the writing of David king of Israel, and according13 to the writing of Solomon his son. [5] And stand14 in the holy [place] according to the divisions of the families of the fathers15 of your brethren the people16, and [after] the division of the families of the Levites. [6] So kill17 the passover, and sanctify18 yourselves, and prepare your brethren, that [they] may do according to the word of the Lord by the hand of Moses. [7] And Josiah19 gave20 to the people, of the flock, lambs and kids, all for the passover offerings, for all that were present, to the number of thirty thousand21, and three thousand bullocks: these [were] of the king’s substance22. [8] And his princes23 gave24 willingly25 unto the people, to the priests, and to the Levites: Hilkiah26 and Zechariah and Jehiel, rulers27 of the house of God, gave unto the priests for the passover offerings two thousand and six hundred [small cattle], and three hundred oxen. [9] Conaniah also, and Shemaiah and Nethaneel, his brethren, and Hashabiah and Jeiel and Jozabad, chief of the Levites, gave28 unto the Levites for passover offerings five thousand [small cattle], and five hundred oxen. [10] So the service was prepared, and the priests29 stood in their place, and the Levites in their courses, according to the king’s commandment. [11] And they killed the passover, and the priests30 sprinkled [the blood] from their hands, and the Levites flayed [them31]. [12] And they removed the burnt offerings, that they might give according to the divisions of the families of the people, to offer unto the Lord, as [it is] written32 in the book of Moses. And so [did they] with the oxen. [13] And they roasted33 the passover with fire according to the ordinance: but the [other] holy [offerings] sod34 they in pots, and in caldrons, and in pans, and divided [them] speedily35 among all the people. [14] And afterward they made ready for themselves, and for the priests: because the priests36 the sons of Aaron [were busied] in offering of burnt offerings and the fat until night; therefore the Levites prepared for themselves, and for the priests the sons of Aaron. [15] And the singers the sons of Asaph [were] in their place37, according38 to the commandment of David, and Asaph, and Heman, and Jeduthun the king’s seer; and the porters39 [waited] at every gate; they might not depart from their service; for their brethren the Levites prepared for them. [16] So all the service of the Lord was prepared the same day, to keep the passover, and to offer burnt offerings upon the altar of the Lord, according to the commandment of king Josiah. [17] And the children of Israel that were present40 kept the passover at that time, and the feast41 of unleavened bread seven days. [18] And there was no passover42 like to that kept in Israel from the days of Samuel the prophet; neither did43 all the kings of Israel keep such a passover as Josiah kept, and the priests, and the Levites, and all Judah and Israel that were present, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem. [19] In the eighteenth year of the reign of Josiah was this passover kept.

The Death of Josiah[ 2 Kings 23:28–30 ]

[20] After all this, when Josiah had prepared the temple44, Necho45 king of Egypt came up to fight against Carchemish46 by Euphrates: and Josiah went out against him.47 [21] But he sent ambassadors to him, saying, What48 have I to do with thee, thou king of Judah? [I come] not against thee this day, but against the house wherewith I have war49: for God50 commanded me to make haste: forbear thee51 from [meddling with] God, who [is] with me, that he destroy thee not. [22] Nevertheless52 Josiah would not turn his face from him, but disguised53 himself, that he might fight with him, and hearkened not unto the words of Necho from the mouth54 of God, and came to fight in the valley of Megiddo55. [23] And the archers56 shot at king Josiah; and the king said to his servants, Have me away; for I am sore wounded57. [24] His servants therefore took him out of that chariot, and put him in the second58 chariot that he had; and they59 brought him to Jerusalem, and he died60, and was buried in [one of] the61 sepulchres of his fathers. And all Judah62 and Jerusalem mourned for Josiah.

Laments over Josiah

[25] [¶]And Jeremiah63 lamented for Josiah: and all the singing64 men and the singing women spake of Josiah in their lamentations to this day, and made them65 an ordinance in Israel: and, behold, they [are] written in the lamentations. [26] Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and his goodness66, according to [that which was] written in the law of the Lord, [27] And his deeds67, first and last, behold, they [are] written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah.

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  1. 2Chr 35:1, Josiah keeps a most solemn passover; 2Chr 35:20, He provoking Pharaoh–necho, is slain at Megiddo; 2Chr 35:25, Lamentations for Josiah. 

  2. The whole solemnity was performed with great exactness according to the law, and upon that account there was none like it since Samuel's time; for even in Hezekiah's passover there were several irregularities. Bp. Patrick observes, that in this also it exceeded the other passovers which preceding things had kept, that though Josiah was by no means so rich as David, or Solomon, or Jehoshaphat, yet he furnished the congregation with beasts for sacrifice, both paschal and eucharistical, at his own proper cost and charge, which was more than any king ever did before. 2Chr 30:1-27; 2Kgs 23:21-23 

  3. Exod 12:6; Num 9:3; Deut 16:1-8; Ezra 6:19; Ezek 45:21; Josiah's solemnization of the passover, which is merely alluded to at 2Kgs 23:21, is very particularly related her, while the destruction of idolatry is largely related in the Kings, and here only touched upon. The feasts of the Lord God, appointed by the ceremonial law, were very numerous; but the passover was the chief. It was the first which was solemnized in the night wherein Israel came out of Egypt, and ushered in those which were afterwards instituted, and it was the last great feast which was held in the night wherein Christ was betrayed, before the vail of the temple was rent in twain. Be means of this feast, both Josiah and Hezekiah revived religion in their day. 

  4. 2Chr 23:8, 2Chr 23:18, 2Chr 31:2; Num 18:5-7; 1Chr 24:1-31; Ezra 6:18 

  5. 2Chr 29:5-11, 2Chr 31:2; 1Chr 22:19 

  6. 2Chr 17:8-9, 2Chr 30:22; Deut 33:10; Neh 8:7-8; Mal 2:7 

  7. 2Chr 8:11, 2Chr 34:14 

  8. 2Chr 5:7 

  9. Num 4:15-49; 1Chr 23:26 

  10. Num 8:19, Num 16:9-10; 2Cor 4:5 

  11. 1Chr 9:10-34; Neh 11:10-20 

  12. The regulations formed by David, and established by Solomon, concerning the courses of the priests and Levites, were committed to writing, and preserved, for them to refer to continually. Josiah, as well as Hezekiah, required the priests and Levites to attend to their several duties, and encouraged them therein, but he neither added, altered, not retrenched anything. He merely enforced what had been established in the law, and in the regulations made by David and the contemporary prophets: "the commandment of the king....was by the word of the Lord." 1Chr. 23:1-26:32 

  13. 2Chr 8:14 

  14. Ps 134:1, Ps 135:2 

  15. Heb. house of the fathers 

  16. Heb. sons of the people. 

  17. 2Chr 30:15-17; Exod 12:6, Exod 12:21-22; Ezra 6:20-21 

  18. 2Chr 29:5, 2Chr 29:15, 2Chr 29:34, 2Chr 30:3, 2Chr 30:15-19; Gen 35:2; Exod 19:10, Exod 19:15; Num 19:11-20; Job 1:5; Ps 51:7; Joel 2:16; Heb 9:13-14 

  19. 2Chr 7:8-10, 2Chr 30:24; Isa 32:8; Ezek 45:17 

  20. Heb. offered, 1Kgs 8:63 

  21. According to the calculation, that not fewer than ten, nor more than twenty persons, were to join for one kid or lamb, the numbers given on this occasion would suffice for above 400,000 persons. 

  22. 1Kgs 8:63; 1Chr 29:3 

  23. 2Chr 29:31-33; 1Chr 29:6-9, 1Chr 29:17; Ezra 1:6, Ezra 2:68-69, Ezra 7:16, Ezra 8:25-35; Neh 7:70-72; Ps 45:12; Acts 2:44-45, Acts 4:34-35 

  24. Heb. offered 

  25. 2Cor 8:12, 2Cor 9:7 

  26. 2Chr 34:14-20 

  27. 1Chr 9:20, 1Chr 24:4-5; Jer 29:25-26; Acts 4:1, Acts 5:26 

  28. Heb. offered, Isa 1:10-15; Jer 3:10, Jer 7:21-28; Mic 6:6-8 

  29. 2Chr 35:4-5, 2Chr 30:16; Ezra 6:18 

  30. 2Chr 29:22-24, 2Chr 30:16; Lev 1:5-6; Num 18:3, Num 18:7; Heb 9:21-22 

  31. 2Chr 29:34 

  32. Lev 3:3, Lev 3:5, Lev 3:9-11, Lev 3:14-16 

  33. Exod 12:8-9; Deut 16:7; Ps 22:14; Lam 1:12-13 

  34. Lev 6:28; Num 6:19; 1Sam 2:13-15 

  35. Heb. made them run, Rom 12:11 

  36. Acts 6:2-4 

  37. Heb. station 

  38. 2Chr 29:25-26; 1Chr 16:41-42, 1Chr 23:5, 1Chr 25:1-7; Ps 77:1, Ps 78:1, Ps 79:1 *titles 

  39. 1Chr 9:17-19, 1Chr 26:14-19 

  40. Heb. found 

  41. 2Chr 30:21-23; Exod 12:15-20, Exod 13:6-7, Exod 23:15, Exod 34:18; Lev 23:5-8; Num 28:16-25; Deut 16:3-4, Deut 16:8; 1Cor 5:7-8 

  42. Not one on purer principles, more heartily joined in by the people present, more literally or exactly consecrated, according to the law, or more religiously observed. The words do not refer to the number present, but to the manner and spirit. 2Chr 30:5; 2Kgs 23:21-23 

  43. 2Chr 30:26-27 

  44. Heb. house 

  45. Pharaoh, the lame, says the Targumist. 2Kgs 23:29-30, Pharaoh–necho, Jer 46:2-12 

  46. Isa 10:9 

  47. am 3394, bc 610 

  48. 2Sam 16:10; Matt 8:29; John 2:4 

  49. Heb. house of my war 

  50. 2Kgs 18:25; Isa 36:10 

  51. 2Chr 25:19 

  52. Josiah's conduct in this affair has been treated with great severity; and he has been charged with engaging rashly in an unjust war, and disregarding the express command of God. But Scripture no where condemns him; and Pharaoh, in marching through Josiah's territories, against his will, certainly committed an act of hostility. It is evident that Josiah was in possession of the whole land of Israel (2Chr 26:6); and probably he held the northern parts of it as a grant from the king of Babylon; and was not only in alliance with him, but bound to guard his frontiers against hostile invaders. He may, therefore, be fairly justified from the charge of unjustly meddling in a war that did not belong him. It is true the ambassadors assured Josiah, that "God had commanded Pharaoh to make haste;" and he is therefore said not to have "hearkened to the words of Necho, from the mouth of God." But Necho produced no proof that he was a prophet of Jehovah; and the word he employed, elohim, may denote gods or idols; and critics have noticed that the expression, "from the mouth of God," is not used when the true God is meant. 

  53. 2Chr 18:29; 1Kgs 14:2, 1Kgs 22:30, 1Kgs 22:34 

  54. 2Chr 35:21, 2Chr 18:4-6; Josh 9:14 

  55. Judg 5:19; 2Kgs 9:27, 2Kgs 23:30; Zech 12:11, Megiddon, Rev 16:16, Armageddon 

  56. 2Chr 18:33; Gen 49:23; 2Kgs 9:24; Lam 3:13 

  57. Heb. made sick, 1Kgs 22:34; 2Kgs 8:29 

  58. Gen 41:43 

  59. 2Kgs 23:30 

  60. Ps 36:6; Eccl 8:14, Eccl 9:1-2 

  61. or, among the, 2Chr 34:28 

  62. Zech 12:11 

  63. Jer 22:10; Lam 4:20 

  64. Job 3:8; Eccl 12:5; Jer 9:17-21; Matt 9:23 

  65. Jer 22:20 

  66. Heb. kindness, 2Chr 31:20, 2Chr 32:32 

  67. 2Chr 20:34, 2Chr 24:27, 2Chr 25:26, 2Chr 26:22, 2Chr 32:32, 2Chr 33:19; 2Kgs 10:34, 2Kgs 16:19, 2Kgs 20:20; 2Kgs 21:25