(KJV) 2 Kings 31
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⥃Moab’s Rebellion
[1] Now Jehoram2 the son of Ahab began to reign over Israel in Samaria the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and reigned twelve years. [2] And he wrought3 evil in the sight of the Lord; but not4 like his father, and like5 his mother: for he put away the image6 of Baal7 that his father had made.8 [3] Nevertheless he cleaved9 unto the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, which made10 Israel to sin; he departed11 not therefrom.12
[4] [¶]And Mesha king of Moab was a sheepmaster13, and rendered14 unto the king of Israel an hundred thousand lambs15, and an hundred thousand rams, with the wool. [5] But it came to pass, when Ahab was dead, that the king of Moab rebelled against the king of Israel.16
[6] And king Jehoram went out of Samaria the same time, and numbered17 all Israel.18 [7] And he went and sent to Jehoshaphat the king of Judah, saying, The king of Moab hath rebelled against me: wilt thou go19 with me against Moab to battle? And he said, I will go up: I [am] as thou [art], my people as thy people, [and] my horses as thy horses. [8] And he said, Which way shall we go up? And he answered, The way through the wilderness of Edom20. [9] So the king of Israel went, and the king of Judah, and the king of Edom21: and they fetched a compass of seven days’ journey: and there was no water22 for the host, and for the cattle that followed them23. [10] And the king of Israel said, Alas! that the Lord24 hath called these three kings together, to deliver them into the hand of Moab! [11] But Jehoshaphat said, [Is there] not here25 a prophet of the Lord, that we may26 enquire of the Lord by him? And one of the king of Israel’s servants answered and said, Here [is] Elisha the son of Shaphat, which poured water27 on the hands of Elijah. [12] And Jehoshaphat said, The word28 of the Lord is with him. So the king of Israel29 and Jehoshaphat and the king of Edom went down to him. [13] And Elisha said unto the king of Israel, What30 have I to do with thee? get31 thee to the prophets32 of thy father, and to the prophets of thy mother. And the king of Israel said unto him, Nay33: for the Lord hath called these three kings together, to deliver them into the hand of Moab. [14] And Elisha said, [As] the Lord34 of hosts liveth, before whom I stand, surely, were it not that I regard35 the presence of Jehoshaphat the king of Judah, I would not look36 toward thee, nor see thee. [15] But now bring me37 a minstrel. And it came to pass, when the minstrel played, that the hand38 of the Lord came upon him. [16] And he said, Thus saith the Lord, Make this valley39 full of ditches. [17] For thus saith the Lord, Ye shall not40 see wind, neither shall ye see rain; yet that valley shall be filled with water, that ye may41 drink, both ye, and your cattle, and your beasts. [18] And this42 is [but] a light43 thing in the sight of the Lord: he will44 deliver the Moabites also into your hand. [19] And ye45 shall smite every fenced city, and every choice city, and shall fell46 every good tree, and stop all wells of water, and mar47 every good piece of land with stones. [20] And it came to pass in the morning, when the meat48 offering was offered, that, behold, there came water49 by the way of Edom, and the country was filled50 with water.
[21] [¶]And when all the Moabites heard that the kings were come up to fight against them, they gathered51 all that were able to put on armour52, and upward, and stood in the border. [22] And they rose up early in the morning, and the sun shone upon the water, and the Moabites saw the water on the other side [as] red as blood: [23] And they said, This [is] blood53: the kings are surely slain54, and they have smitten one another: now therefore55, Moab, to the spoil. [24] And when they came to the camp of Israel, the Israelites rose up and smote the56 Moabites, so that they fled before them: but they went forward57 smiting the Moabites, even in [their] country. [25] And they beat down58 the cities, and on every good piece of land cast every man his stone, and filled it; and they stopped59 all the wells of water, and felled60 all the good trees: only in61 Kir–haraseth62 left they the stones thereof; howbeit the slingers went about [it], and smote it.
[26] [¶]And when the king of Moab saw that the battle was too sore for him, he took with him seven hundred men that drew swords, to break through [even] unto the king of Edom63: but they could not. [27] Then he took his eldest son that should have reigned in his stead, and offered him64 [for] a burnt offering upon the wall. And there was great indignation against Israel: and they departed65 from him, and returned to [their own] land.
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2Kgs 3:1, Jehoram’s reign; 2Kgs 3:4, Mesha rebels; 2Kgs 3:6, Jehoram, with Jehoshaphat, and the king of Edom, being distressed for want of water, by Elisha obtains water, and promise of victory; 2Kgs 3:21, The Moabites, deceived by the colour of the water, coming to spoil, are overcome; 2Kgs 3:26, The king of Moab, failing in his attempt to break through to the king of Edom, sacrifices his son, and raises the siege. ↩
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2Kgs 1:17, 2Kgs 8:16, Joram, 1Kgs 22:51 ↩
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Heb. statue ↩
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2Kgs 13:2, 2Kgs 13:6, 2Kgs 13:11, 2Kgs 14:24, 2Kgs 15:9, 2Kgs 15:18, 2Kgs 17:22; 1Kgs 12:26-28, 1Kgs 13:33; 1Cor 1:19-20 ↩
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am 3109, bc 895 ↩
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1Kgs 22:4, 1Kgs 22:32-33; 2Chr 18:3, 2Chr 18:29-32, 2Chr 19:2, 2Chr 21:4-7, 2Chr 22:3-4, 2Chr 22:10-12 ↩
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The wilderness of Edom was probably the same as that of Zin or Kadesh, through which the children of Israel passed; extending southward from the Dead Sea, to the eastern branch of the Red Sea. See note on Num 13:21. Num 21:4; Mal 1:2-3 ↩
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Exod 15:22, Exod 17:1; Num 20:2, Num 20:4, Num 21:5, Num 33:14 ↩
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2Kgs 6:33; Gen 4:13; Ps 78:34-36; Prov 19:3; Isa 8:21, Isa 51:20 ↩
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2Kgs 3:1, 2Kgs 3:3; Josh 9:14; Judg 20:8-11, Judg 20:18, Judg 20:23, Judg 20:26-28; 1Chr 10:13, 1Chr 14:10, 1Chr 14:14, 1Chr 15:13 ↩
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That is, was his constant and confidential servant. Mr. Hanway, speaking of a Persian supper, says, "Supper being now brought in, a servant presented a basin of water, and a napkin hung over his shoulders; he went to every one in the company, and poured water on their hands to wash." Gen 18:4; Josh 1:1; 1Kgs 19:21; Luke 22:26-27; John 13:4-5, John 13:13-14; 1Tim 5:10; Phil 2:22 ↩
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2Kgs 2:25, 2Kgs 5:8-9, 2Kgs 5:15; Isa 49:23, Isa 60:14; Rev 3:9 ↩
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1Sam 15:26-31; 1Kgs 14:5-18, 1Kgs 21:20; Jer 1:18; Dan 5:17-23; Matt 22:16 ↩
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This was evidently intended to soothe and tranquillize the prophet's mind, which had been agitated and discomposed with holy indignation by the presence of the idolatrous king, and the recollection of his abomination. The soothing influence of music is generally acknowledged in every civilized nation. 1Sam 10:5, 1Sam 16:23, 1Sam 18:10; 1Chr 25:2-3; Eph 5:18-19 ↩
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1Kgs 18:46; Ezek 1:3, Ezek 3:14, Ezek 3:22, Ezek 8:1; Acts 11:21 ↩
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1Kgs 18:36-39; Ps 84:6, Ps 107:35; Isa 41:17-18, Isa 43:19-20, Isa 48:21 ↩
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This supply was altogether miraculous; for there was neither wind nor rain, nor any other natural means to furnish it. ↩
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Heb. were cried together ↩
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Heb. gird himself with a girdle. 1Kgs 20:11; Eph 6:14 ↩
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Heb. destroyed ↩
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or, smote in it even ↩
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etc. Heb. until he left the stones thereof in Kir–haraseth ↩
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Supposed to be the same as Ar, or Areopolis, the capital of Moab. Deut 2:9; Isa 16:7, Isa 16:11; Jer 48:31, Jer 48:36, Kir–heres ↩
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In cases of great extremity, it was customary in various heathen nations, to offer human sacrifices, and even their own children. This was frequent among the Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Scythians, Gauls, Africans, and others; and was the natural fruit of a religious system, which had for the objects of its worship cruel and merciless divinities. The king of Moab, in this case, sacrificed his son to obtain the favour of Chemosh his god, who, being a devil, delighted in blood and murder, and the destruction of mankind. The dearer anything was to them, the more acceptable those idolaters thought the sacrifice, and therefore burnt their children in the fire to their honour. Gen 22:2, Gen 22:13; Deut 12:31; Judg 11:31, Judg 11:39; Ps 106:37-38; Ezek 16:20; Mic 6:7 ↩