(KJV) Judges 112

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The Conquest of Canaan Proceeds[ Joshua 13:1–7 ]

[1] Now3 after the death of Joshua it came to pass, that the children of Israel asked4 the Lord, saying, Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first, to fight against them? [2] And the Lord said, Judah shall go up: behold, I have delivered the land into his hand.5 [3] And Judah said unto Simeon6 his brother, Come up with me into my lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise7 will go with thee into thy lot. So Simeon went with him. [4] And Judah went up; and the Lord8 delivered the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hand: and they slew of them in Bezek9 ten thousand men. [5] And they found Adoni–bezek in Bezek: and they fought against him, and they slew the Canaanites and the Perizzites. [6] But Adoni–bezek fled; and they pursued after him, and caught him, and cut off his thumbs and his great toes. [7] And Adoni–bezek said, Threescore and ten kings, having their thumbs10 and their great toes cut off, gathered11 [their meat] under my table: as I have12 done, so God hath requited me. And they brought him to Jerusalem, and there he died.

The Capture of Jerusalem and Hebron[ Joshua 15:13–19 ]

[8] Now the children of Judah had fought against Jerusalem, and had taken it, and smitten it with the edge of the sword, and set the city on fire.13

[9] And afterward14 the children of Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites, that dwelt in the mountain, and in the south, and in the valley15. [10] And Judah went against the Canaanites that dwelt in Hebron: (now the name of Hebron before [was] Kirjath–arba16:) and they slew Sheshai17, and Ahiman, and Talmai. [11] And from thence he went against the inhabitants of Debir18: and the name of Debir before [was] Kirjath–sepher: [12] And Caleb19 said, He that smiteth Kirjath–sepher, and taketh it, to him20 will I give Achsah my daughter to wife. [13] And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.21 [14] And it came22 to pass, when she came [to him], that she moved him to ask of her father a field: and she lighted23 from off [her] ass; and Caleb said unto her, What wilt thou? [15] And she said unto him, Give me a blessing24: for thou hast given me a south land25; give me also springs of water26. And Caleb gave her the upper springs and the nether springs.

[16] [¶]And the children of the Kenite27, Moses’28 father in law, went up out of the city of palm29 trees with the children of Judah into the wilderness of Judah, which30 [lieth] in the south of Arad; and they went31 and dwelt among the people. [17] And Judah32 went with Simeon his brother, and they slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath33, and utterly destroyed it. And the name of the city was called Hormah34. [18] Also Judah35 took Gaza36 with the coast thereof, and Askelon with the coast thereof, and Ekron with the coast thereof.373839 [19] And the Lord40 was with Judah; and he drave41 out [the inhabitants of] the mountain; but could42 not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots43 of iron. [20] And they gave44 Hebron unto Caleb, as Moses said: and he expelled thence the three sons45 of Anak. [21] And the children of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites that inhabited Jerusalem; but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Benjamin in Jerusalem unto this day.46

[22] [¶]And the house47 of Joseph, they also went up against Beth–el: and the Lord48 [was] with them. [23] And the house of Joseph sent49 to descry Beth–el. (Now the name of the city before [was] Luz50.) [24] And the spies saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said unto him, Shew us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city, and we will51 shew thee mercy. [25] And when he shewed them the entrance into the city, they smote52 the city with the edge of the sword; but they let go the man and all his family. [26] And the man went into the land53 of the Hittites, and built a city, and called the name thereof Luz: which [is] the name thereof unto this day.

The Failure to Complete the Conquest

[27] [¶]Neither did Manasseh54 drive out [the inhabitants of] Beth–shean and her towns, nor Taanach55 and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Dor and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Ibleam and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Megiddo and her towns: but the Canaanites56 would dwell in that land. [28] And it came to pass, when Israel was strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute, and did not utterly drive them out.

[29] [¶]Neither did Ephraim drive out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer; but the Canaanites dwelt in Gezer among them.57

[30] [¶]Neither did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron58, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol59; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributaries.

[31] [¶]Neither did Asher60 drive out the inhabitants of Accho61, nor the inhabitants of Zidon62, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib63, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob: [32] But the Asherites dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: for they did not drive them out.64

[33] [¶]Neither did Naphtali65 drive out the inhabitants of Beth–shemesh, nor the inhabitants of Beth–anath; but he dwelt66 among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: nevertheless the inhabitants of Beth–shemesh and of Beth–anath became67 tributaries unto them. [34] And the Amorites forced the children of Dan into the mountain: for they would not suffer them to come down to the valley:68 [35] But the Amorites would dwell in mount Heres in Aijalon69, and in Shaalbim70: yet the hand of the house of Joseph prevailed71, so that they became tributaries. [36] And the coast of the Amorites [was] from the going72 up to Akrabbim, from the rock, and upward.

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  1. The book of Judges forms an important link in the history of the Israelites. It furnishes us with a lively description of a fluctuating and unsettled nation; a striking picture of the disorders and dangers which prevailed in a republic without magistracy; when “the high-ways were unoccupied, and the travellers walked through by-ways” (Judg 5:6), when few prophets were appointed to control the people, and “every one did that which was right in his own eyes” (Judg 17:6). It exhibits the contest of true religion with superstition; and displays the beneficial effects that flow from the former, and the miseries and evil consequences of impiety. It is a most remarkable history of the long-suffering of God towards the Israelites, in which we see the most signal instances of his justice and mercy alternately displayed. The people sinned, and were punished; they repented, and found mercy. These things are written for our warning. None should presume, for God is just; none need despair, for God is merciful. Independently of the internal evidence of the authenticity of this sacred book, the transactions it records are not only cited or alluded to by other inspired writers, but are further confirmed by the traditions current among heathen nations. 

  2. Judg 1:1, The acts of Judah and Simeon; Judg 1:4, Adoni–bezek justly requited; Judg 1:8, Jerusalem taken; Judg 1:10, Hebron taken; Judg 1:11, Othniel has Achsah to wife for taking of Debir; Judg 1:16, The Kenites dwell in Judah; Judg 1:17, Hormah, Gaza, Askelon, and Ekron taken; Judg 1:21, The acts of Benjamin; Judg 1:22, Of the house of Joseph, who take Beth–el; Judg 1:30, Of Zebulun; Judg 1:31, Of Asher; Judg 1:33, Of Naphtali; Judg 1:34, Of Dan. 

  3. Josh 24:29-30 

  4. Judg 20:18, Judg 20:28; Exod 28:30; Num 27:21; 1Sam 22:9-10, 1Sam 23:9-10 

  5. Gen 49:8-10; Num 2:3, Num 7:12; Ps 78:68-70; Heb 7:14; Rev 5:5, Rev 19:11-16 

  6. Gen 29:33; Josh 19:1 

  7. Judg 1:17; 2Sam 10:11 

  8. Exod 23:28-29; Deut 7:2, Deut 9:3; Josh 10:8-10, Josh 11:6-8; 1Sam 14:6, 1Sam 14:10; 1Sam 17:46-47; 1Kgs 22:6, 1Kgs 22:15 

  9. Eusebius and Jerome mention two villages of this name, near each other, about seventeen miles from Shechem, towards Scythopolis. 1Sam 11:8 

  10. Heb. the thumbs of their hands and of their feet, This was not an unusual act of cruelty in ancient times towards enemies. - Alian informs us, that in after ages "the Athenians, at the instigation of Cleon, son of Cleoenetus, made a decree that all the inhabitants of the island of Agina should have the thumb cut off from the right hand, so that they might ever after be disabled from holding a spear, yet might handle an oar." It was a custom among those Romans who did not like a military life, to cut off their thumbs, that they might be incapable of serving in the army; and for the same reason, parents sometimes cut off the thumbs of their children. 

  11. or, gleaned 

  12. Exod 21:23-25; Lev 24:19-21; 1Sam 15:33; Isa 33:1; Matt 7:1-2; Luke 6:37-38; Rom 2:15; Jas 2:13; Rev 13:10, Rev 16:6 

  13. Judg 1:21; Josh 15:63 

  14. Josh 10:36, Josh 11:21, Josh 15:13-20 

  15. or, low country 

  16. Josh 14:15 

  17. Judg 1:20; Num 13:22, Num 13:33; Josh 15:13-14; Ps 33:16-17; Eccl 9:11; Jer 9:23 

  18. Josh 10:38-39, Josh 15:15 

  19. The whole of this account is found in Josh 15:13-19, and seems to be inserted here by way of recapitulation. Josh 15:16-17; 1Sam 17:25, 1Sam 18:23 

  20. In ancient times fathers assumed an absolute right over their children, especially in disposing of them in marriage; and it was customary for a king or great man to promise his daughter in marriage to him who should take a city, etc. 

  21. Judg 3:9 

  22. Josh 15:18-19 

  23. Watitznach, "she hastily or suddenly alighted," as if she had forgotten something, or was about to return. 

  24. Gen 33:11; 1Sam 25:18, 1Sam 25:27; 2Cor 9:5 *marg. Heb 6:7; 1Pet 3:9 

  25. Which was probably dry, or very ill watered. 

  26. Let me have some fields with brooks, or wells already digged. 

  27. Judg 4:11, Judg 4:17; Num 10:29-32, Num 24:21-22; 1Sam 15:6; 1Chr 2:15; Jer 35:2 

  28. Exod 3:1, Exod 4:18, Exod 18:1, Exod 18:7, Exod 18:12, Exod 18:14-17, Exod 18:27; Num 10:29 

  29. Judg 3:13; Deut 34:3; 2Chr 28:16 

  30. Num 21:1; Josh 12:14 

  31. Num 10:29-32; 1Sam 15:6 

  32. Judg 1:3 

  33. 2Chr 14:10, Zephathah 

  34. Num 14:45, Num 21:3; Josh 19:4 

  35. There is the following remarkable variation here in the Septuagint: 

  36. Judg 3:3, Judg 16:1-2, Judg 16:21; Exod 23:31 

  37. Josh 11:22, Josh 13:3, Josh 15:45-47; 1Sam 6:17 

  38. Και ουκ εκληρονομησεν Ιουδας την Γαζαν, ουδε τα ορια αυτης; ουδε την Ασκαλωνα, ουδε τα ορια αυτης; και την Ακκαρων, ουδε τα ορια αυτης; την Αζωτον, ουδε τα περισπορια αυτης. 

  39. "But Judah did not possess Gaza, nor the coasts thereof; nor Askelon, nor the coasts thereof; nor Ekron, nor the coasts thereof; nor Ashdod, nor the coasts thereof." Procopius and Augustine read the same; and Josephus (Ant. 1. v. c. 2 sec. 4) says that the Israelites only took Askelon and Ashdod, but not Gaza or Ekron; and from Judg 3:3, and the whole succeeding history, it appears that these cities were not in the possession of the Israelites, but of the Philistines. 

  40. Judg 1:2, Judg 6:12-13; Gen 39:2, Gen 39:21; Josh 1:5, Josh 1:9, Josh 14:12; 2Sam 5:10; 2Kgs 18:7; Ps 46:7, Ps 46:11, Ps 60:12; Eccl 9:11; Isa 7:14, Isa 8:10, Isa 41:10, Isa 41:14-15; Matt 1:23; Rom 8:31 

  41. etc. or he possessed the mountain 

  42. Not because the iron chariots were too strong for Omnipotence, or because he refused to help them; but because their courage and faith failed when they saw them. Judg 1:27-32; Josh 7:12; Matt 14:30-31, Matt 17:19-20; Phil 4:13 

  43. Exod 14:7-31; Josh 11:1-9, Josh 17:16-18; Ps 46:9 

  44. Num 14:24; Deut 1:36; Josh 14:9-14, Josh 15:13-14, Josh 21:11-12 

  45. Judg 1:10; Num 13:22 

  46. Judg 19:10-12; Josh 15:63, Josh 18:11-28; 2Sam 5:6-9 

  47. Num 1:10, Num 1:32; Josh 14:4, Josh 16:1-4; 1Chr 7:29; Rev 7:8 

  48. Judg 1:19; Gen 49:24; 2Kgs 18:7 

  49. Judg 18:2; Josh 2:1, Josh 7:2 

  50. Gen 28:19, Gen 35:6, Gen 48:3 

  51. Josh 2:12-14; 1Sam 30:15 

  52. Josh 6:22-25 

  53. 2Kgs 7:6; 2Chr 1:17 

  54. Josh 17:11-13 

  55. Judg 5:19; Josh 21:25 

  56. Exod 23:32; Deut 7:2; 1Sam 15:9; Ps 106:34-35; Jer 48:10 

  57. Josh 16:10; 1Kgs 9:16 

  58. The Talmudists say Kitron is "tzippor," that is, Sepphoris, or Diocesarea, a celebrated city of Galilee, now the village Safoury, situated in the plain of Esdraelon, twenty miles (north-west) from Tiberias, according to Benjamin of Tudela. 

  59. Josh 19:15 

  60. Josh 19:24-30 

  61. Accho, the Ptolemais of the Greeks and Romans, and called Saint John of Acre by the Crusaders, is situated on the Mediterranean, in a fine plain, at the north angle of a bay to which it gives name, and which extends in a semicircle of three leagues as far as Carmel, and nine leagues from Tyre. 

  62. Another celebrated city of Phoenicia, now Saide, situated in a fine country on the Mediterranean, 400 stadia from Berytus, and 200 (north) from Tyre, according to Strabo, one day's journey from Paneas, according to Josephus, and sixty-six miles from Damascus, according to Abulfeda. 

  63. Or, Ecdippa, now Zib, nine miles north, from Accho. 

  64. Ps 106:34-35 

  65. Josh 19:32-38 

  66. Judg 1:32 

  67. Judg 1:30, Judg 1:35; Ps 18:24 

  68. Judg 18:1; Josh 19:47 

  69. Judg 12:12; Josh 10:12 

  70. Josh 19:42; 1Kgs 4:9 

  71. Heb. was heavy 

  72. or, Maalehakrabbim, Num 34:4; Josh 15:2