(KJV) 1 Kings 121
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⥃Rebellion against Rehoboam [ 2 Chronicles 10:1–15 ]
[1] And Rehoboam2 went to Shechem3: for all Israel were come to Shechem to make him king. [2] And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat4, who was yet in Egypt, heard [of it], (for he was fled from the presence of king Solomon, and Jeroboam dwelt in Egypt;) [3] That they sent and called him. And Jeroboam and all the congregation of Israel came, and spake unto Rehoboam, saying, [4] Thy father made our yoke5 grievous: now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee. [5] And he said unto them, Depart yet [for] three days, then come again to me. And the people departed.
[6] [¶]And king Rehoboam consulted6 with the old men, that stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, and said, How do ye advise that I may answer this people? [7] And they spake unto him, saying, If thou wilt7 be a servant unto this people this day, and wilt serve them, and answer them, and speak good8 words to them, then they will be thy servants for ever. [8] But he forsook the counsel of the old men, which they had given him, and consulted with the young men that were grown up with him, [and] which stood before him:9 [9] And he said unto them, What counsel give ye that we may answer this people, who have spoken to me, saying, Make the yoke which thy father did put upon us lighter?10 [10] And the young men that were grown up with him spake unto him, saying, Thus shalt thou11 speak unto this people that spake unto thee, saying, Thy father made our yoke heavy, but make thou [it] lighter unto us; thus shalt thou say unto them, My little [finger12] shall be thicker than my father’s loins. [11] And now whereas my father did lade you with a heavy yoke, I will add13 to your yoke: my father hath chastised you with whips, but I will chastise14 you with scorpions15.
[12] [¶]So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam the third day, as the king had appointed, saying, Come to me again16 the third day. [13] And the king answered17 the people roughly18, and forsook19 the old men’s counsel that they gave him; [14] And spake to them after the counsel20 of the young men, saying, My father made21 your yoke heavy, and I will add to your yoke: my father [also] chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions. [15] Wherefore the king hearkened not unto the people; for the cause22 was from the Lord, that he might23 perform his saying, which the Lord spake by Ahijah the Shilonite unto Jeroboam the son of Nebat.
⥃The Kingdom Divided [ 2 Chronicles 10:16–19 ]
[16] So when all Israel saw that the king hearkened not unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion24 have we in David? neither [have we] inheritance in the son of Jesse: to your tents25, O Israel: now see26 to thine own house, David. So Israel27 departed unto their tents. [17] But [as for] the children28 of Israel which dwelt in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them. [18] Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram29, who [was] over the tribute; and all Israel30 stoned him with stones, that he died. Therefore king Rehoboam made speed31 to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem32. [19] So Israel33 rebelled34 against the house of David unto this day35.
⥃Shemaiah’s Prophecy [ 2 Chronicles 11:1–4 ]
[20] And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was come again, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him36 king over all Israel: there was none that followed37 the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only.
[21] [¶]And when Rehoboam38 was come to Jerusalem, he assembled all the house of Judah, with the tribe of Benjamin, an hundred39 and fourscore thousand chosen men, which were warriors, to fight against the house of Israel, to bring the kingdom again to Rehoboam the son of Solomon. [22] But the word of God came unto Shemaiah40 the man41 of God, saying,42 [23] Speak unto Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and unto all the house of Judah and Benjamin, and to the remnant of the people, saying,43 [24] Thus saith the Lord, Ye shall not go up44, nor fight against your brethren the children of Israel: return every man to his house; for this thing45 is from me. They hearkened46 therefore to the word of the Lord, and returned to depart, according to the word of the Lord.
⥃Jeroboam’s Idolatry
[25] Then Jeroboam built47 Shechem48 in mount Ephraim, and dwelt therein; and went out from thence, and built Penuel49. [26] And Jeroboam said in his heart50, Now shall51 the kingdom return to the house of David: [27] If this people go up52 to do sacrifice in the house of the Lord at Jerusalem, then shall the heart of this people turn again unto their lord, [even] unto Rehoboam king of Judah, and they shall53 kill me, and go again to Rehoboam king of Judah. [28] Whereupon the king took counsel54, and made two calves [of] gold55, and said unto them, It is too much56 for you to go up to Jerusalem: behold57 thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. [29] And he set the one in Beth–el58, and the other put he in Dan59. [30] And this thing became a sin60: for the people went [to worship] before the one, [even] unto Dan. [31] And he made an house61 of high places, and made priests62 of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi. [32] And Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto63 the feast that [is] in Judah, and he offered upon the altar64. So did he in Beth–el, sacrificing unto the calves that he had made: and he placed in Beth–el the priests of the high places which he had made. [33] So he offered upon the altar65 which he had made in Beth–el the fifteenth day of the eighth month, [even] in the month66 which he had devised of his own heart; and ordained a feast unto the children of Israel: and he offered67 upon the altar, and burnt incense68.
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1Kgs 12:1, The Israelites, assembled at Shechem to crown Rehoboam, by Jeroboam make a suit of relaxation unto him; 1Kgs 12:6, Rehoboam, refusing the old men’s counsel, answers them roughly; 1Kgs 12:16, Ten tribes revolting, kill Adoram, and make Rehoboam flee; 1Kgs 12:21, Rehoboam, raising an army, is forbidden by Shemaiah; 1Kgs 12:25, Jeroboam strengthens himself by cities; 1Kgs 12:26, and by the idolatry of the two calves. ↩
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Gen 12:6, Sichem, Gen 33:18-19; Josh 20:7, Josh 24:1, Josh 24:32; Judg 9:1; Ps 60:6; Acts 7:16, Sychem ↩
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1Kgs 4:7, 1Kgs 4:20, 1Kgs 4:22-23, 1Kgs 4:25, 1Kgs 9:15, 1Kgs 9:22-23; 1Sam 8:11-18; 2Chr 10:4-5; Matt 11:29-30; Matt 23:4; 1John 5:3 ↩
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2Sam 16:20, 2Sam 17:5; Job 12:12, Job 32:7; Prov 27:10; Jer 42:2-5, Jer 43:2 ↩
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2Chr 10:8, 2Chr 25:15-16; Prov 1:2-5, Prov 1:25, Prov 1:30, Prov 19:20, Prov 25:12; Eccl 10:2-3 ↩
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A proverbial mode of expression: "My little finger is thicker than my father's thigh." As much as the thigh surpasses the little finger in thickness, so much does my power exceed that of my father; and the use I shall make of it to oppress and tax you shall be in proportion. 2Chr 10:10-11; Prov 10:14, Prov 18:6-7, Prov 28:25, Prov 29:23; Isa 47:6 ↩
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Exod 1:13-14, Exod 5:5-9, Exod 5:18; 1Sam 8:18; 2Chr 16:10; Isa 58:6; Jer 27:11; Jer 28:13-14 ↩
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Should you rebel or become disaffected, my father's whip shall be a scorpion in my hand. His was chastisement, mine shall be punishment. Celsius and Hiller conjecture that âkrabbim denotes a thorny kind of shrub, whose prickles are of a venomous nature, called by the Arabs scorpion thorns, from the exquisite pain which they inflict. But the Chaldee renders it margenin, and the Syriac moragyai, i.e., μαραγναι, scourges; and in the parallel place of Chronicles the Arabic has saut, a scourge. Isidore, and after him Calmet and others, assert that the scorpion was a sort of severe whip, the lashes of which were armed with knots or points that sunk into and tore the flesh. ↩
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1Kgs 20:6-11; Gen 42:7, Gen 42:30; Exod 5:2, Exod 10:28; Judg 12:1-6; 1Sam 20:10, 1Sam 20:30-31; 1Sam 25:10-11; 2Sam 19:43; Prov 10:11, Prov 10:32, Prov 15:1, Prov 18:23; Eccl 10:12; Jas 3:17 ↩
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2Chr 22:4-5; Esth 1:16-21, Esth 2:2-4; Prov 12:5; Isa 19:11-13; Dan 6:7 ↩
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1Kgs 12:10-11; Prov 13:10, Prov 16:18, Prov 17:14; Eccl 7:8; Jas 3:14-18, Jas 4:1-2 ↩
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The cause of all this confusion and anarchy was Rehoboam's folly, cruelty, and despotic tyranny, and this was certainly not "from the Lord," nor does the original text speak this doctrine. For an elucidation of a similar passage, see note on 2Sam 24:1. It says, sibbah, (from savav, to turn, change), "the change or Revolution was from the Lord;" which is consistent with all the preceding declarations. God stirred up the people to revolt from a man who had neither skill nor humanity to govern them. God serves his own wise and righteous purpose by the imprudences and iniquities of men, and snares sinners in the work of their own hands. "He maketh the wrath of man to praise him." 1Kgs 12:24, 1Kgs 22:23; Deut 2:30; Judg 14:4; 2Chr 10:15, 2Chr 22:7, 2Chr 25:16, 2Chr 25:20; Ps 5:10; Amos 3:6; Acts 2:23, Acts 4:28 ↩
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1Kgs 11:11, 1Kgs 11:29-38; 1Sam 15:29; 2Sam 17:14; 2Kgs 9:36, 2Kgs 10:10; Isa 14:13-17; Isa 46:10-11; Dan 4:35; John 19:23-24, John 19:28-29, John 19:32-37; Acts 3:17; Acts 13:27-29 ↩
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1Kgs 11:13, 1Kgs 11:34, 1Kgs 11:36, 1Kgs 11:39; 2Sam 7:15-16; Ps 2:1-6, Ps 76:10, Ps 89:29-37, Ps 132:17; Isa 7:2, Isa 7:6-7, Isa 9:6-7; Jer 23:5-6, Jer 33:15-16, Jer 33:21; Luke 19:14, Luke 19:27 ↩
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1Kgs 4:6, 1Kgs 5:14, Adoniram, 2Sam 20:24; 2Chr 10:18, Hadoram ↩
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Heb. strengthened himself ↩
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1Sam 10:19; 2Kgs 17:21; 2Chr 10:19, 2Chr 13:5-7, 2Chr 13:17; Isa 7:17 ↩
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1Chr 21:5; 2Chr 14:8, 2Chr 14:11, 2Chr 17:14-19; Prov 21:30-31 ↩
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1Kgs 13:1, 1Kgs 13:4-5, 1Kgs 13:11, 1Kgs 17:18, 1Kgs 17:24 ↩
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Deut 33:1; 2Kgs 4:16, 2Kgs 4:22, 2Kgs 4:25, 2Kgs 4:27; 1Tim 6:11 ↩
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1Kgs 9:15, 1Kgs 9:17-18, 1Kgs 15:17, 1Kgs 16:24; 2Chr 11:5-12 ↩
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1Kgs 11:38; 1Sam 27:1; 2Chr 20:20; Isa 7:9; Jer 38:18-21; John 11:47-50; John 12:10-11, John 12:19; Acts 4:16-17 ↩
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1Kgs 8:29-30, 1Kgs 8:44, 1Kgs 11:32; Deut 12:5-7, Deut 12:14, Deut 16:2, Deut 16:6 ↩
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He invented a political religion, and instituted feasts in his own times, different from those appointed by Jehovah; gave the people certain objects of adoration, and pretended to think that it would be both inconvenient and oppressive to them to go up to Jerusalem to worship. These calves were doubtless of the same kind as the calf which was set up by Aaron; and it is remarkable, that in pointing them out to the people he should use the same words that Aaron used on that occasion, when they must have heard what terrible judgments fell upon their forefathers for this idolatry. Solomon's idolatry, however, had prepared the people for Jeroboam's abominations. Exod 20:4; Deut 4:14-18; 2Kgs 10:29, 2Kgs 17:16; 2Chr 11:15; Hos 8:4-7, Hos 10:5-6 ↩
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Gen 14:14; Deut 34:1; Judg 18:29-31, Judg 20:1; 2Kgs 10:29; Jer 8:16; Amos 8:14 ↩
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1Kgs 13:33; Num 3:10; 2Kgs 17:32; 2Chr 11:14-15, 2Chr 13:9; Ezek 44:6-8 ↩
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1Kgs 8:2, 1Kgs 8:5; Lev 23:33, Lev 23:34-44; Num 29:12-40; Ezek 43:8; Matt 15:8-9 ↩
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or, went up to the altar, sacrificing. or, to sacrifice. he placed. Amos 7:10-13 ↩
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or, went up to the altar, etc. 1Kgs 12:32 ↩
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Heb. to burn incense ↩