Lexical Definition

‎שָׂרַף‎ sâraph (saw-raf') to burn ^H:V
a primitive root

(cause to, make a) burn((-ing), up) kindle, [idiom] utterly.

• to be (causatively, set) on fire

1) to burn
1a) (Qal) to burn
1b) (Niphal) to be burned
1c) (Piel) burner, burning (participle)
1d) (Pual) to be burnt up, be burned

See Greek: δάκνω · θανατόω · καίω · κατακαίω · καταπαύω

Brown-Driver-Briggs

‎שָׂרַף‎₁₁₇ verb burn (70 t. + ‎בָּאֵשׁ‎, 2 t. + ‎בְּמוֺאֵֿשׁ‎) (Late Hebrew (rare) = Biblical Hebrew; Assyrian šarâpu; Aramaic ‎שְׂרַף‎ (rare); is absorb, consume); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎׳‎‎שׂ‎ Josh 11:9 +, 3 feminine singular suffix ‎שְׂרָפָ֫חַם‎ Isa 47:14, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יִשְׂרֹף‎ Num 19:5 + 2 t., more often ‎וַיִּשְׂרֹף‎ Exod 32:20 +, 2 masculine plural ‎תִּשְׂרְפוּן‎ Deut 7:5 + 2 t.; Infinitive absolute ‎שָׂרוֺף‎ 2Sam 23:7 construct ‎שְׂרֹף‎ Jer 36:25 +; suffix ‎שָׂרְפוֺ‎ Judg 9:52; Amos 2:1 Participle active ‎שׂרֵף‎ Lev 16:28; Num 19:8, plural ‎שׂרְפִים‎ 2Kgs 17:31 passive masculine plural ‎שְׂרֻפִים‎ Num 17:4* feminine singular ‎שְׂרוּפָה‎ 1Sam 30:3, ‎שְׂרֻפָה‎ Ps 80:17*, plural ‎שְׂרוּפוֺת‎ Neh 3:24, construct ‎שְׂרֻפוֺת‎ Isa 1:7 — burn (59 t. + ‎בָּאֵשׁ‎, 2 t. + ‎בְּמוֺאֵֿשׁ‎):

1. in making bricks, + ‎לִשְׂרֵפָה‎ Gen 11:3 (J; object omitted).

2. a. with accusative of thing, usually to destroy, e.g. door Judg 9:52, house Judg 12:1; 1Kgs 16:18 (both with ‎עַל‎ person), Jer 39:8 + 11 t., compare passive participle Neh 3:24, city Josh 6:24; 1Sam 30:1; 1Sam 30:14 + 16 t., compare passive participle 1Sam 30:3; Isa 1:7, chariots Josh 11:6; Josh 11:9; 2Kgs 23:11; Ps 46:10* (subject ‎׳‎‎י‎), idols, etc., Exod 32:20 (accusative omitted), Deut 9:21 + 10 t., roll Jer 36:25; Jer 36:27; Jer 36:28; Jer 36:29; Jer 36:32, wood Isa 44:16; Isa 44:19 (both + ‎בְּמוֺאֵֿשׁ‎), compare Ps 80:17* (figurative), Jer 51:32, hair Ezek 5:4 bones, to lime (as outrage) Amos 2:1 upon altars (in desecration) 1Kgs 13:2; 1Kgs 23:16; 1Kgs 23:20 = 2Chr 34:5 bodies, as funeral rite 1Sam 31:12 (rare custom, RS^{Semitic i. 353; 2nd ed. 372}; but Klo Bu read ‎יִשְׂפְּדוּ‎ [= ‎׳‎‎יִס‎]; compare Benz^{Archaeology 163}; Ency. Bib. DEAD Now^{Archaeology i. 188}); ‎׳‎‎שׂ‎ as funeral rite also (object omitted, probably spices, compare 2Chr 16:14), with ‎ל‎ person mort. Jer 34:5, + accusative of congnate meaning with verb ‎שְׂרֵפָה‎ 2Chr 16:14 (compare ‎שְׂרֵפָה‎); in ceremonial of P (never of burning sacrifice on altar, ‎הִקְטִיר‎, compare ‎הֶעְֶלֶה‎, but) chiefly (14 t.) of consuming refuse, especially unused portions of victims, etc. (to prevent use), and infected objects, Exod 29:14; Exod 29:34 +, sometimes ‎מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה‎ Lev 4:12 (+ ‎עַעֵָֿצִים‎), vLev 4:21 vLev 4:21 + 4 t., etc., compare Ezek 43:21 also of burning red heifer (to produce ashes for purification) Num 19:5 (twice in verse); Num 19:3.
b. burn, with accusative of person, (1) as penalty Josh 7:25 (JE), Judg 14:15; Judg 15:6; Lev 20:14, compare Num 17:4* (passive participle), so, ‎אֵשׁ‎ subject, Isa 47:14, with accusative of congnate meaning with verb ‎שְׂרֵפָה‎ Lev 10:6 (P); (2) as sacrifice, Jer 7:31; Jer 19:5 + ‎ל‎ dei Deut 12:31; 2Kgs 17:31. Niph`al Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יִשָּׂרֵף‎ Josh 7:15 +, 3 feminine plural ‎תִּשָּׂרַפְנָה‎ Prov 6:27, etc.; — be burned (11 t. + ‎בָּאֵשׁ‎): of city Jer 38:17 + vJer 38:23 (read ‎תִּשָּׂרֵף‎ for ‎תִּשְׂרֹף‎ ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Hi Ew Gf Gie Du), idols, etc., Mic 1:7; 1Chr 14:12 ritually (compare Qal 2 a near the end) Lev 4:12; Lev 6:23*; Lev 7:17; Lev 7:19; Lev 13:52; Lev 19:6 of person, as penalty Gen 38:24 (J), Josh 7:15 (JE), 2Sam 23:7 (poetry), Lev 21:9 (H). Pi`el Participle suffix ‎מְסָֽרְפוֺ‎ Amos 6:10 his burner, usually one burning him, but probably burning spices for him, see Dr and compare Qal above Pu`al Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎שֹׂרָ֑ף‎, of goat Lev 10:16 it was burnt up (and gone).

Brown-Driver-Briggs References