(KJV) Judges 91
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⥃Abimelech’s Conspiracy
[1] And Abimelech2 the son of Jerubbaal went to Shechem3 unto his mother’s brethren, and communed4 with them, and with all the family of the house of his mother’s father, saying, [2] Speak, I pray you, in the ears of all the men of Shechem, Whether56 [is] better for you, either that all the sons of Jerubbaal, [which are] threescore7 and ten persons, reign over you, or that one reign over you? remember also that I [am] your bone8 and your flesh. [3] And his mother’s brethren spake9 of him in the ears of all the men of Shechem all these words: and their hearts inclined to follow10 Abimelech; for they said, He [is] our brother11. [4] And they gave him threescore and ten [pieces] of silver out of the house12 of Baal–berith, wherewith Abimelech hired vain13 and light persons, which followed him. [5] And he went unto his father’s house at Ophrah14, and slew15 his brethren the sons of Jerubbaal, [being] threescore and ten persons, upon one stone: notwithstanding yet Jotham the youngest son of Jerubbaal was left; for he hid himself. [6] And all the men of Shechem gathered together, and all the house16 of Millo17, and went, and made Abimelech king, by the plain18 of the pillar that [was] in Shechem.
⥃Jotham’s Parable
[7] And when they told [it] to Jotham, he went and stood in the top of mount Gerizim19, and lifted up his voice, and cried, and said unto them, Hearken20 unto me, ye men of Shechem, that God may hearken unto you. [8] The trees21 went forth [on a time] to anoint a king over them; and they said unto the olive tree22, Reign23 thou over us. [9] But the olive tree said unto them, Should I leave my fatness, wherewith24 by me they honour God25 and man, and go to be promoted over the trees26? [10] And the trees said to the fig tree, Come thou, [and] reign over us. [11] But the fig tree said unto them, Should I forsake my sweetness, and my good fruit, and go to be promoted over the trees?27 [12] Then said the trees unto the vine, Come thou, [and] reign over us. [13] And the vine said unto them, Should I leave my wine, which cheereth28 God and man, and go to be promoted over the trees? [14] Then said all the trees unto the bramble29, Come thou, [and] reign over us. [15] And the bramble said unto the trees, If in truth ye anoint me king over you, [then] come [and] put your trust in my shadow30: and if not, let fire31 come out of the bramble, and devour the cedars32 of Lebanon. [16] Now therefore, if ye have done truly and sincerely, in that ye have made Abimelech king, and if ye have dealt well with Jerubbaal and his house, and have done unto him according33 to the deserving of his hands; [17] (For my father fought34 for you, and adventured his life35 far, and delivered you out of the hand of Midian: [18] And ye are risen36 up against my father’s house this day, and have slain his sons, threescore and ten persons, upon one stone, and have made Abimelech37, the son of his maidservant, king over the men of Shechem, because he [is] your brother;) [19] If ye then have dealt truly and sincerely with Jerubbaal and with his house this day, [then] rejoice38 ye in Abimelech, and let him also rejoice in you: [20] But if not, let fire come out39 from Abimelech, and devour the men of Shechem, and the house of Millo; and let fire come out from the men of Shechem, and from the house of Millo, and devour Abimelech. [21] And Jotham ran away, and fled, and went to Beer40, and dwelt there, for fear of Abimelech his brother.
⥃Gaal Conspires with the Shechemites
[22] When Abimelech had reigned three years over Israel, [23] Then God41 sent an42 evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem; and the men of Shechem dealt43 treacherously with Abimelech:44 [24] That the45 cruelty [done] to the threescore and ten sons of Jerubbaal might come, and their blood be laid upon Abimelech their brother, which slew them; and upon the men of Shechem, which aided him in the killing of46 his brethren. [25] And the men of Shechem set liers in wait for him in the top of the mountains, and they robbed all that came along that way by them: and it was told Abimelech.47 [26] And Gaal the son of Ebed came with his brethren48, and went over to Shechem: and the men of Shechem put their confidence in him. [27] And they went out into the fields, and gathered their vineyards, and trode [the grapes], and made merry49, and went into the house50 of their god, and did eat51 and drink, and cursed52 Abimelech. [28] And Gaal the son of Ebed said, Who [is] Abimelech53, and who [is] Shechem, that we should serve him? [is] not [he] the son of Jerubbaal? and Zebul his officer? serve the men of Hamor54 the father of Shechem: for why should we serve him? [29] And would to God55 this people were under my hand! then would I remove Abimelech. And he said56 to Abimelech, Increase thine army57, and come out.
⥃The Fall of Shechem
[30] [¶]And when Zebul the ruler of the city heard the words of Gaal the son of Ebed, his anger was kindled58. [31] And he sent messengers unto Abimelech privily59, saying, Behold, Gaal the son of Ebed and his brethren be come to Shechem; and, behold, they fortify60 the city against thee. [32] Now therefore up by night61, thou and the people that [is] with thee, and lie in wait in the field: [33] And it shall be, [that] in the morning, as soon as the sun is up, thou shalt rise early, and set upon the city: and, behold, [when] he and the people that [is] with him come out against thee, then mayest thou do to them as thou shalt find62 occasion.
[34] [¶]And Abimelech rose up, and all the people that [were] with him, by night, and they laid wait against Shechem in four companies. [35] And Gaal63 the son of Ebed went out, and stood in the entering of the gate of the city: and Abimelech rose up, and the people64 that [were] with him, from lying in wait. [36] And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul, Behold, there come people down from the top of the mountains. And Zebul said unto him, Thou seest the shadow65 of the mountains as [if they were] men. [37] And Gaal spake again and said, See there come people down by the middle66 of the land, and another company come along by the plain of Meonenim67. [38] Then said Zebul unto him, Where [is] now thy mouth, wherewith thou saidst, Who [is] Abimelech, that we should serve him? [is] not this the people that thou hast despised? go out, I pray now, and fight with them.68 [39] And Gaal went out before the men of Shechem, and fought with Abimelech. [40] And Abimelech chased him, and he fled before69 him, and many were overthrown [and] wounded, [even] unto the entering of the gate. [41] And Abimelech dwelt at Arumah70: and Zebul71 thrust out Gaal and his brethren, that they should not dwell in Shechem. [42] And it came to pass on the morrow, that the people went out into the field; and they told Abimelech. [43] And he took the people, and divided them into three companies, and laid wait in the field, and looked, and, behold, the people [were] come forth out of the city; and he rose up against them, and smote them. [44] And Abimelech, and the company that [was] with him, rushed forward72, and stood in the entering of the gate of the city: and the two [other] companies ran upon all [the people] that [were] in the fields, and slew them. [45] And Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took73 the city, and slew the people that [was] therein, and beat74 down the city, and sowed75 it with salt.
[46] [¶]And when all the men of the tower of Shechem heard [that], they entered into an hold76 of the house of the god Berith. [47] And it was told Abimelech, that all the men of the tower of Shechem were gathered together. [48] And Abimelech gat him up to mount Zalmon77, he and all the people that [were] with him; and Abimelech took an axe in his hand, and cut down a bough from the trees, and took it, and laid [it] on his shoulder, and said unto the people that [were] with him, What ye78 have seen me do79, make haste, [and] do as I [have done]. [49] And all the people likewise cut down every man his bough, and followed Abimelech, and put [them80] to the hold, and set the hold on fire upon them; so that all the men of the tower of Shechem died also, about a thousand men and women.
⥃Abimelech’s Punishment
[50] Then went Abimelech to Thebez81, and encamped against Thebez, and took it. [51] But there was a strong tower within the city, and thither fled all the men and women, and all they of the city, and shut [it] to them, and gat them up to the top of the tower. [52] And Abimelech came unto the tower, and fought against it, and went hard unto the door of the tower to burn it with fire.82 [53] And a certain woman83 cast a piece of a millstone upon Abimelech’s head, and all to84 brake his skull. [54] Then he called hastily unto the young man his armourbearer, and said unto him, Draw thy85 sword, and slay me, that men say not of me, A woman slew him. And his young man86 thrust him through, and he died. [55] And when the men of Israel saw that Abimelech was dead, they departed every man unto his place.87
[56] [¶]Thus God rendered88 the wickedness of Abimelech, which he did unto his father, in slaying his seventy brethren: [57] And all the evil of the men of Shechem did God render upon their heads: and upon them89 came the curse of Jotham the son of Jerubbaal.
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Judg 9:1, Abimelech by conspiracy with the Shechemites, and murder of his brethren, is made king; Judg 9:7, Jotham by a parable rebukes them, and foretells their ruin; Judg 9:22, Gaal conspires with the Shechemites against him; Judg 9:30, Zebul reveals it; Judg 9:34, Abimelech overcomes them, and sows the city with salt; Judg 9:46, He burns the hold of the god Berith; Judg 9:50, At Thebez he is slain by a piece of a millstone; Judg 9:56, Jotham’s curse if fulfilled. ↩
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etc. Heb. What is good ↩
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etc ↩
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Heb. after ↩
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etc. Anashim raikim oophochozim, "worthless and dissolute men;" persons who were living on the public, and had nothing to lose. Such was the foundation of his Babel government. By a cunning management of such unprincipled men most revolutions are brought about. Judg 11:3; 1Sam 22:2; 2Chr 13:7; Job 30:8; Prov 12:11; Acts 17:5 ↩
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Probably the name of a person of note in Shechem. ↩
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or, oak, Josh 24:26; 1Kgs 12:1, 1Kgs 12:20, 1Kgs 12:25 ↩
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Ps 18:40-41, Ps 50:15-21; Prov 1:28-29, Prov 21:13, Prov 28:9; Isa 1:15, Isa 58:6-10; Matt 18:26-34; Jas 2:13 ↩
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This is the most ancient fable or apologue extant; and is extremely beautiful, apposite, and intelligible. 2Kgs 14:9; Ezek 17:3-10; Dan 4:10-18 ↩
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The zayith, or olive tree, in the Linnean system, is a genus of the diandra monogynia class of plants. It is of a moderate height, and grows best in sunny places. Its trunk is knotty; bark smooth, of an ash colour. Wood solid and yellowish; leaves oblong, almost like those of the willow, of a dark green colour on the upper side, and whitish below. In June it puts forth white flowers, growing in bunches, each of one piece, widening towards the top, and dividing into four parts. After this succeeds the fruit, which is oblong and plump; first green, then pale, and when quite ripe, black. Within it is enclosed a hard stone, filled with oblong seeds. It was the most useful of all trees in the forest; as the bramble was the meanest and most worthless. ↩
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Exod 29:2, Exod 29:7, Exod 35:14; Lev 2:1; 1Kgs 19:15-16; Ps 89:20, Ps 104:15; Acts 4:27; Acts 10:38; 1John 2:20 ↩
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Elohim, rather gods; the parable being adapted to the idolatrous Shechemites. ↩
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Num 15:5, Num 15:7, Num 15:10; Ps 104:15; Prov 31:6; Eccl 10:19 ↩
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Heb. cast his life, Esth 4:16; Rom 5:8, Rom 16:4; Rev 12:11 ↩
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Judg 9:15, Judg 9:23, Judg 9:56-57, Judg 7:22; 2Chr 20:22-23; Ps 21:9-10, Ps 28:4, Ps 52:1-5; Ps 120:3-4, Ps 140:10 ↩
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Probably the Beer mentioned by Mr. Maundrell, three hours and a half, or about ten miles, north of Jerusalem, towards Shechem. It is situated toward the south, on an easy declivity; and has a fountain of excellent water at the bottom of the hill, from which it has taken its name. Close to the well are the mouldering walls of a ruined khan; and on the summit of the hill two large arches still remain of a ruined convent. Dr. Richardson says, that it seems to have been once a place of considerable consequence. Num 21:16; Josh 19:8; 2Sam 20:14 ↩
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That is, God permitted the evil spirit of jealousy, treachery, and discord, to break out between Abimelech and the Shechemites. Judg 9:15, Judg 9:20; 1Sam 16:14-16, 1Sam 18:9-10; 1Kgs 12:15, 1Kgs 22:22-23; 2Chr 10:15; 2Chr 18:19-22; Isa 19:2, Isa 19:14; 2Thess 2:11-12 ↩
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Ex, Is, 258 ↩
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am 2771, bc 1233 ↩
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Heb. strengthened his hands to kill, Sooner or later, God will make inquisition for blood, and will return it on the heads of those that shed it. Accessories will be reckoned with, as well as principals, in that and other sins. The Shechemites, who countenanced Abimelech's pretensions, aided and abetted him in his bloody project, and avowed the fact by making him king after he had done it, must fall with him, fall by him, and fall first. Those that combine together to do wickedly, are justly dashed in pieces one against another. Blood cannot be a lasting cement to any interest. ↩
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or, songs, Isa 16:9-10, Isa 24:7-9; Jer 25:30; Amos 6:3-6 ↩
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Judg 9:4, Judg 16:23; Exod 32:6, Exod 32:19; Dan 5:1-4, Dan 5:23 ↩
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The very words and conduct of a sly, hypocritical demagogue. 2Sam 15:4; 1Kgs 20:11; Ps 10:3; Rom 1:30-31 ↩
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Rather, "and I would say to Abimelech," as the LXX renders; for as Dr. Wall observes, this was probably not said in the presence of Abimelech; but at an intemperate feast, in his absence, when he boasted he would challenge him. ↩
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Heb. craftily, or, to Tormah ↩
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Under pretence of repairing the walls and towers, they were actually putting the place in a state of defence, intending to seize on the government as soon as they found Abimelech coming against them. Judg 9:31 ↩
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Heb. as thine hand shall find, Lev 25:26 *marg. 1Sam 10:7, 1Sam 25:8; Eccl 9:10 ↩
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Of this person we know no more than is here recorded. He was probably one of the descendants of the Canaanites, who hoped, from the state of the public mind and their disaffection to Abimelech, to cause a revolution, and thus to restore the ancient government as it was under Hamor, the father of Shechem. Josephus says he was a man of authority, who sojourned with them, with his armed men and kinsmen; and that the Shechemites desired that he would allow them a guard during the vintage. ↩
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Doubdan states, that in some parts of the Holy Land there are many detached rocks scattered up and down, some growing out of the ground, and others fragments broken off from rocky precipices, the shadow of which, it appears, Josephus thought might be most naturally imagined to look like troops of men at a distance, rather than that of the mountains; for he represents Zebul as saying to Gaal, that he mistook the shadow of the rocks for men. Ezek 7:7; Mark 8:24 ↩
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Heb. navel ↩
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or, the regarders of the times, Deut 18:14 ↩
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This place appears from the next verse to have been near Shechem; and is perhaps the same as Ruma, a village of Galilee, mentioned by Josephus, Bell. 1. iii. c. 7. ↩
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Deut 29:23; 1Kgs 12:25; 2Kgs 3:25; Ps 107:34 *marg. Ezek 47:11; Zeph 2:9; Jas 2:13 ↩
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Salt in small quantities renders land extremely fertile; but too much of it destroys vegetation. Every place, says Pliny, in which salt is found is barren, and produces nothing. Hence the sowing of a place with salt was a custom in different nations to express permanent desolation. Sigonius observes, that when Milan was taken, ad 1162, the walls were razed, and it was sown with salt. And Brantome informs us, that it was an ancient custom in France, to sow the house of a man with salt, who had been declared a traitor to his king. Charles IX., king of France, the most base and perfidious of human beings, caused the house of Admiral Coligni (whom he and the Duke of Guise caused to be murdered, with thousands more of Protestants, on the eve of St. Bartholomew, 1572), to be sown with salt! ↩
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Judg 9:4, Judg 9:27, Judg 8:33; 1Kgs 8:26; 2Kgs 1:2-4; Ps 115:8; Isa 28:15-18, Isa 37:38 ↩
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Heb. I have done ↩
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According to Eusebius, thirteen miles from Shechem, towards Scythopolis. Judg 9:50 ↩
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Judg 9:15, Judg 9:20; 2Sam 11:21, 2Sam 20:21; Job 31:3; Jer 49:20, Jer 50:45 ↩
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An antiquated expression, meaning "full intention" to complete an object. "All to," observes Dr. Johnson, "is a particle of mere enforcement." The original is wattaritz eth gulgalto, which is simply as the LXX render και εκλασε το κρανιον αυτου, "and she brake his skull." Plutarch relates, that Pyrrhus was killed at the siege of Thebes, by a piece of a tile, which a woman threw upon his head. ↩
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It was a disgrace to be killed by a woman. ↩
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Both the fratricide Abimelech and the unprincipled men of Shechem had the iniquity visited upon them of which they had been guilty. Man's judgment may be avoided; but there is no escape from that of God. How many houses have been sown with salt in France, by the just judgment of God, for the massacre of the Protestants on the eve of St. Bartholomew! See note on Judg 9:45. Judg 9:24; Job 31:3; Ps 9:12, Ps 11:6, Ps 58:10-11, Ps 94:23; Prov 5:22; Matt 7:2; Acts 28:4; Gal 6:7; Rev 19:20-21 ↩