(KJV) Exodus 121

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⥃The First Passover [ Numbers 9:1–14 ]

[1] And the Lord spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, [2] This month [shall be] unto you the beginning of months: it [shall be] the first month of the year to you.2

[3] [¶]Speak ye3 unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth4 [day] of this month they shall take to5 them every man a lamb6, according to the house of [their] fathers, a lamb for an house7: [4] And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take [it] according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb. [5] Your lamb shall be without8 blemish, a male of the first year9: ye shall take [it] out from the sheep, or from the goats: [6] And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth10 day of the same month: and the whole11 assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening12. [7] And they shall take of the blood, and strike [it] on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it.13 [8] And they shall eat the14 flesh in that night, roast15 with fire, and unleavened16 bread; [and] with bitter17 [herbs] they shall eat it. [9] Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast [with] fire18; his head with his legs, and with the purtenance thereof. [10] And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire.19

[11] [¶]And thus shall ye eat it; [with] your loins20 girded, your shoes21 on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it [is] the22 Lord’s passover. [12] For I will pass23 through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite24 all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against25 all the gods26 of Egypt I will execute judgment: I [am] the Lord27. [13] And the blood28 shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye [are]: and when29 I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy [you30], when I smite the land of Egypt.

⥃The Feast of Unleavened Bread [ Leviticus 23:4–8 † Numbers 28:16–25 † Deuteronomy 16:1–8 ]

[14] And this day shall be unto you for a memorial31; and ye shall keep it a feast32 to the Lord throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance33 for ever. [15] Seven34 days shall ye eat unleavened bread; even the first day ye shall put away leaven out of your houses: for whosoever eateth leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul35 shall be cut off from Israel. [16] And in the first day36 [there shall be] an holy convocation, and in the seventh day there shall be an holy convocation to you; no manner37 of work shall be done in them, save [that] which every man must eat, that only may be done of you. [17] And ye shall observe [the feast of] unleavened bread; for in this selfsame38 day have I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt: therefore shall ye observe this day in your generations by an ordinance39 for ever.

[18] [¶]In the first [month], on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even.40 [19] Seven41 days shall there be no leaven found in your houses: for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, even that42 soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether43 he be a stranger, or born in the land. [20] Ye shall eat nothing leavened; in all your habitations shall ye eat unleavened bread.

[21] Then Moses called for all the elders44 of Israel, and said unto them, Draw out and take45 you a lamb46 according to your families, and kill the passover47. [22] And ye shall take a bunch48 of hyssop49, and dip [it] in the blood that [is] in the bason, and strike50 the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that [is] in the bason; and none51 of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning. [23] For the Lord will pass through52 to smite the Egyptians; and when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the Lord will pass over the door, and will not53 suffer the destroyer to come in unto your houses to smite [you]. [24] And ye shall observe this thing for an ordinance to thee and to thy sons for ever.54 [25] And it shall come to pass, when55 ye be come to the land which the Lord will give you, according56 as he hath promised, that ye shall keep this service. [26] And it shall come to pass, when your children57 shall say unto you, What mean ye by this service? [27] That ye shall say, It [is] the sacrifice58 of the Lord’s passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the people bowed59 the head and worshipped. [28] And the children of Israel went away, and did as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.60

⥃The Tenth Plague: Death of the Firstborn

[29] And it came to pass, that at midnight61 the Lord smote62 all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh63 that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that [was] in the dungeon64; and all the firstborn of cattle. [30] And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry65 in Egypt; for [there was] not a house where [there was] not one dead.

⥃The Exodus Begins

[31] [¶]And he called66 for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, Rise up67, [and] get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children68 of Israel; and go, serve the Lord, as ye have said. [32] Also take your flocks69 and your herds, as ye have said, and be gone; and bless me70 also. [33] And the Egyptians were urgent71 upon the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste; for they said, We [be] all72 dead [men]. [34] And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneadingtroughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders.73 [35] And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they borrowed of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment:74 [36] And the Lord75 gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they lent unto them [such things as they required]. And they spoiled76 the Egyptians.

[37] And the children77 of Israel journeyed from Rameses78 to Succoth, about six hundred79 thousand on foot [that were] men, beside children. [38] And a mixed multitude80 went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, [even] very much cattle. [39] And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust81 out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.

[40] [¶]Now the sojourning82 of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, [was] four hundred83 and thirty years.84 [41] And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame85 day it came to pass, that all the hosts86 of the Lord went out from the land of Egypt. [42] It [is] a night to be much observed87 unto the Lord for bringing them out from the land of Egypt: this [is] that night of the Lord to be observed of all the children of Israel in their generations.

⥃Instructions for the Passover

[43] And the Lord said unto Moses and Aaron, This [is] the ordinance of the passover: There shall88 no stranger eat thereof: [44] But every man’s servant that is bought for money, when thou hast circumcised89 him, then shall he eat thereof. [45] A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof.90 [46] In one house91 shall it be eaten; thou shalt not carry forth ought of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither92 shall ye break a bone thereof. [47] All the93 congregation of Israel shall keep it94. [48] And when a stranger95 shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the Lord, let all96 his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be97 as one that is born in the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof. [49] One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you.98 [50] Thus did all the children of Israel; as the Lord99 commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they. [51] And it came to pass the selfsame day, [that] the Lord did bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.

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  1. Exod 12:1, The beginning of the year is changed; Exod 12:3, The passover is instituted; Exod 12:11, The import of the rite of the passover; Exod 12:15, Unleavened bread, etc; Exod 12:29, The firstborn are slain; Exod 12:31, The Israelites are driven out of the land; Exod 12:37, They come to Succoth; Exod 12:41, The time of their sojourning; Exod 12:43, The ordinance of the passover. ↩

  2. am 2513, bc 1491, An, Exod, Isr, 1, Abib or Nisan, Exod 13:4, Exod 23:15, Exod 34:18; Lev 23:5; Num 28:16; Deut 16:1; Esth 3:7 ↩

  3. Exod 4:30, Exod 6:6, Exod 14:15, Exod 20:19; Lev 1:2 ↩

  4. Exod 12:6; John 12:1, John 12:12 ↩

  5. Gen 4:4, Gen 22:8; 1Sam 7:9; John 1:29, John 1:36; 1Cor 5:7; Rev 5:6-13, Rev 7:9-14, Rev 13:8 ↩

  6. or, kid, The word seh means the young of both sheep and goats, and may be indifferently rendered either lamb or kid. It is evident from Exod 12:5 that the Hebrews might take either; but they generally preferred a lamb, from being of a more gentle nature. Lev 5:6; Num 15:11; 2Chr 35:7 ↩

  7. The Israelites were divided into twelve tribes, these tribes into families, the families into houses, and the houses into particular persons. Num 1:1-54; Josh 7:14 ↩

  8. Lev 1:3, Lev 1:10, Lev 22:19-24; Deut 17:1; Mal 1:7-8, Mal 1:14; Heb 7:26, Heb 9:13-14; 1Pet 1:18-19 ↩

  9. Heb. son of a year, Lev 23:12; 1Sam 13:1 *marg. ↩

  10. Lev 23:5; Num 9:3, Num 28:16, Num 28:18; Deut 16:1-6; 2Chr 30:15; Ezek 45:21 ↩

  11. 2Chr 30:15-18; Isa 53:6; Matt 27:20, Matt 27:25; Mark 15:1, Mark 15:8, Mark 15:11, Mark 15:25, Mark 15:33-34; Luke 23:1, Luke 23:18; Acts 2:23, Acts 3:14, Acts 4:27 ↩

  12. Heb. between the two evenings, The Jews divided the day into morning and evening. Till the sun passed the meridian, all was morning or forenoon; after that, all was evening or afternoon. Their first evening began just after twelve o'clock, and continued till sunset; their second evening began at sunset, and continued till night, i.e., during the whole time of twilight; between twelve o'clock, therefore, and the termination of twilight, the passover was to be offered (see parallel passages). Exod 16:12; Matt 27:46-50 ↩

  13. Exod 12:22-23; Eph 1:7; Heb 9:13-14, Heb 9:22, Heb 10:14, Heb 10:29, Heb 11:28; 1Pet 1:2 ↩

  14. Matt 26:26; John 6:52-57 ↩

  15. Deut 16:7; Ps 22:14; Isa 53:10 ↩

  16. Exod 13:3, Exod 13:7, Exod 34:25; Num 9:11; Deut 16:3; Amos 4:5; Matt 16:12; 1Cor 5:6-8; Gal 5:9 ↩

  17. Exod 1:14; Num 9:11; Zech 12:10; 1Thess 1:6 ↩

  18. Exod 12:8; Deut 16:7; Lam 1:13 ↩

  19. Exod 23:18, Exod 29:34, Exod 34:25; Lev 7:15-17, Lev 22:30; Deut 16:4-5 ↩

  20. Matt 26:19-20; Luke 12:35; Eph 6:15; 1Pet 1:13 ↩

  21. Luke 7:38, Luke 15:22; Eph 6:15 ↩

  22. Exod 12:27; Lev 23:5; Num 28:16; Deut 16:2-6; 1Cor 5:7 ↩

  23. Exod 12:23, Exod 11:4-5; Amos 5:17 ↩

  24. Exod 12:29-30, Exod 11:4-6 ↩

  25. Num 33:4; 1Sam 5:3, 1Sam 6:5; 1Chr 14:12; Isa 19:1; Jer 43:13; Zeph 2:11 ↩

  26. or, princes, Exod 21:6, Exod 22:28; Ps 82:1, Ps 82:6; John 10:34-35 ↩

  27. Exod 6:2; Isa 43:11-15; Ezek 12:16 ↩

  28. Exod 12:23; Gen 17:11; Josh 2:12; Heb 11:28 ↩

  29. 1Thess 1:10; 1John 1:7 ↩

  30. Heb. for a destruction ↩

  31. Exod 13:9; Num 16:40; Josh 4:7; Ps 111:4, Ps 135:13; Zech 6:14; Matt 26:13; Luke 22:19; 1Cor 11:23-26 ↩

  32. Exod 5:1; Deut 16:11; Neh 8:9-12 ↩

  33. Exod 12:17, Exod 12:24, Exod 12:43, Exod 13:10; Lev 23:4-5; Num 10:8, Num 18:8; Deut 16:1; 1Sam 30:25; 2Kgs 23:21; Ezek 46:14; 1Cor 5:7-8 ↩

  34. Exod 12:8, Exod 13:6, Exod 13:7-10, Exod 23:15, Exod 34:18, Exod 34:25; Lev 23:5-8; Num 28:17; Deut 16:3, Deut 16:5, Deut 16:8; Matt 16:12; Luke 12:1; Acts 12:3 ↩

  35. Exod 12:19-20, Exod 31:14; Gen 17:14; Lev 17:10, Lev 17:14; Num 9:13; Mal 2:12; Gal 5:12 ↩

  36. Lev 23:2-3, Lev 23:7-8, Lev 23:21, Lev 23:24-25, Lev 23:27, Lev 23:35; Num 28:18, Num 28:25, Num 29:1, Num 29:12 ↩

  37. Exod 16:5, Exod 16:23, Exod 16:29, Exod 20:10, Exod 35:2-3; Jer 17:21-22, man Heb. soul ↩

  38. Exod 7:5, Exod 13:8; Num 20:16 ↩

  39. Exod 12:14 ↩

  40. Exod 12:1, Exod 12:15; Lev 23:5-6; Num 28:16 ↩

  41. Exod 23:15, Exod 34:18; Deut 16:3; 1Cor 5:7-8 ↩

  42. Exod 12:15; Num 9:13 ↩

  43. Exod 12:43, Exod 12:48 ↩

  44. Exod 3:16, Exod 17:5, Exod 19:7; Num 11:16 ↩

  45. Exod 12:3; Num 9:2-5; Josh 5:10; 2Kgs 23:21; 2Chr 30:15-17, 2Chr 35:5-6; Ezra 6:20; Matt 26:17-19; Mark 14:12-16; Luke 22:7-13; 1Cor 10:4 ↩

  46. or, kid, Exod 12:3 *marg. ↩

  47. That is, the lamb which was called the paschal, or passover lamb; the animal sacrificed obtaining the name of the institution. St. Paul copies the expression in 1Cor 5:7. ↩

  48. Lev 14:6-7; Num 19:18; Ps 51:7; Heb 9:1, Heb 9:14, Heb 9:19, Heb 11:28, Heb 12:24; 1Pet 1:2 ↩

  49. The word aizov, which has been variously rendered, most probably denotes Hyssop; whence are derived the Chaldee aizova, Syriac zupha, Arabic zupha, Ethiopic azab, and hushopa, Greek υσσωπος, hussopos G5301, Latin hyssopus, German usop, and our hyssop, a name retained, with little variation, in all the western languages. It is a plant of the gymnospermia (naked seeded) order, belonging to the didynamia class. It has bushy stalks, growing a foot and a half high; small spear-shaped, close-sitting, and opposite leaves, with several smaller ones rising from the same joint; and all the stalks and branches terminated by erect whorled spikes of flowers, of different colours in the varieties of the plant. The leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. Its detersive, cleansing, and medicinal qualities were probably the reason why it was so particularly recommended in Scripture. ↩

  50. Exod 12:7 ↩

  51. Matt 26:30 ↩

  52. Exod 12:12-13 ↩

  53. 2Sam 24:16; Isa 37:36; Ezek 9:4, Ezek 9:6; 1Cor 10:10; Heb 11:28, Heb 12:24; Rev 7:3, Rev 9:4 ↩

  54. Exod 12:14; Gen 17:8-10 ↩

  55. Deut 4:5, Deut 12:8-9, Deut 16:5-9; Josh 5:10-12; Ps 105:44-45 ↩

  56. Exod 3:8, Exod 3:17 ↩

  57. Exod 13:8-9, Exod 13:14-15, Exod 13:22; Deut 6:7, Deut 11:19, Deut 32:7; Josh 4:6-7, Josh 4:21-24; Ps 78:3-6; Ps 145:4; Isa 38:19; Eph 6:4 ↩

  58. Exod 12:11, Exod 12:23, Exod 34:25; Deut 16:2, Deut 16:5; 1Cor 5:7 ↩

  59. Exod 4:31, Exod 34:8; 1Chr 29:20; 2Chr 20:18, 2Chr 29:30; Neh 8:6 ↩

  60. Heb 11:28 ↩

  61. Exod 12:12, Exod 11:4, Exod 13:15; Job 34:20; 1Thess 5:2-3 ↩

  62. The infliction of this judgment on the Egyptians was most equitable; because, after their nation had been preserved by one of the Israelitish family, they had, contrary to all right, and in defiance of original stipulation, enslaved the people to whom they had been so much indebted, had murdered their offspring, and made their bondage intolerable. See Bryant, p. 160. Num 3:13, Num 8:17, Num 33:4; Ps 78:51, Ps 105:36, Ps 135:8, Ps 136:10; Heb 11:28; Heb 12:23 ↩

  63. Exod 4:23, Exod 11:5 ↩

  64. Heb. house of the pit, Isa 24:22, Isa 51:14; Jer 38:6, Jer 38:13; Zech 9:11 ↩

  65. No people were more remarkable and frantic in their mournings than the Egyptians. When a relative died, every one left the house, and the women, with their hair loose, and their bosoms bare, ran wild about the street. The men also, with their apparel equally disordered, kept them company; all shrieking, howling, and beating themselves. What a scene of horror and distress must now have presented itself, when there was not a family in Egypt where there was not one dead! Exod 11:6; Prov 21:13; Amos 5:17; Matt 25:6; Jas 2:13 ↩

  66. Exod 10:29 ↩

  67. Exod 3:19-20, Exod 6:1, Exod 11:1, Exod 11:8; Ps 105:38 ↩

  68. Exod 10:9 ↩

  69. Exod 10:26 ↩

  70. Exod 8:28, Exod 9:28; Gen 27:34, Gen 27:38 ↩

  71. Exod 11:1; Ps 105:38 ↩

  72. Gen 20:3; Num 17:12-13 ↩

  73. kneading troughs, or, dough, Exod 8:3; Probably like the kneading-troughs of the Arabs; comparatively small wooden bowls, which also serve them for dishes. Their being bound up in their clothes may mean no more than their being wrapped up in their hykes, or long, loose, garments. See Shaw's Travels, p. 224, 4to. edit. ↩

  74. Exod 3:21-22, Exod 11:2-3; Gen 15:14; Ps 105:37 ↩

  75. Exod 3:21, Exod 11:3; Gen 39:21; Prov 16:7; Dan 1:9; Acts 2:47, Acts 7:10 ↩

  76. Exod 3:22; Gen 15:14; Ps 105:37 ↩

  77. Num 33:3, Num 33:5 ↩

  78. Exod 1:11; Gen 47:11 ↩

  79. Exod 38:26; Gen 12:2, Gen 15:5, Gen 46:3; Num 1:46, Num 11:21 ↩

  80. Heb. a great mixture, Num 11:4; Zech 8:23 ↩

  81. Exod 12:33, Exod 6:1, Exod 11:1 ↩

  82. Acts 13:17; Heb 11:9 ↩

  83. Gen 12:1-3, Gen 15:13; Acts 7:6; Gal 3:16-17 ↩

  84. The Samaritan Pentateuch reads, "Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, and of their fathers in the land of Canaan and in the land of Egypt, was 430 years." The Alexandrine copy of the LXX has the same reading; and the same statement is made by the apostle Paul, in Gal 3:17, who reckons from the promise made to Abraham to the giving of the law. That these three witnesses have the truth, the chronology itself proves; for it is evident that the descendants of Israel did not dwell 430 years in Egypt; while it is equally evident, that the period from Abraham's entry into Canaan to the Exodus, is exactly that number. Thus, from Abraham's entrance into the promised land to the birth of Isaac, was 25 years; Isaac was 60 at the birth of Jacob; Jacob was 130 at his going into Egypt; where he and his children continued 215 years more; making in the whole 430 years. See Kennicott's Dissertation on the Hebrew Text. ↩

  85. Ps 102:13; Dan 9:24; Hab 2:3; John 7:8; Acts 1:7 ↩

  86. Exod 12:51, Exod 7:4; Josh 5:14 ↩

  87. Heb. a night of observations, observed. Exod 12:14; Deut 16:1-6 ↩

  88. Exod 12:48; Lev 22:10; Num 9:14; Eph 2:12 ↩

  89. Gen 17:12-13, Gen 17:23 ↩

  90. Lev 22:10; Eph 2:12 ↩

  91. 1Cor 12:12; Eph 2:19-22 ↩

  92. Num 9:12; John 19:33, John 19:36 ↩

  93. Exod 12:3, Exod 12:6; Num 9:13 ↩

  94. Heb. do it ↩

  95. Exod 12:43; Num 9:14, Num 15:15-16 ↩

  96. Gen 17:12; Ezek 44:9, Ezek 47:22 ↩

  97. Gal 3:28; Col 3:11 ↩

  98. Lev 24:22; Num 9:14, Num 15:15-16, Num 15:29; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11 ↩

  99. Deut 4:1-2, Deut 12:32; Matt 7:24-25, Matt 28:20; John 2:5, John 13:17, John 15:14; Rev 22:15, by their armies, Exod 12:41, Exod 6:26, Exod 7:4 ↩