(KJV) Numbers 31

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The Sons of Aaron[ Leviticus 10:1–7 ]

[1] These also [are] the generations2 of Aaron and Moses in the day [that] the Lord spake3 with Moses in mount Sinai. [2] And these [are] the names of the sons of Aaron; Nadab the firstborn, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.4 [3] These [are] the names of the sons of Aaron, the priests5 which were anointed, whom he consecrated6 to minister in the priest’s office. [4] And Nadab7 and Abihu died before the Lord, when they offered strange fire before the Lord, in the wilderness of Sinai, and they had no children: and Eleazar and Ithamar ministered in the priest’s office in the sight of Aaron their father.

The Duties of the Levites

[5] [¶]And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, [6] Bring the tribe of Levi near, and present them before Aaron the priest, that they may minister unto him.89 [7] And they shall keep10 his charge, and the charge of the whole congregation before the tabernacle of the congregation, to do the11 service of the tabernacle. [8] And they shall keep all the instruments of the tabernacle of the congregation, and the charge of the children of Israel, to do the service of the tabernacle.12 [9] And thou shalt give the Levites unto Aaron and to his sons: they [are] wholly given unto him out of the children of Israel.13 [10] And thou shalt appoint Aaron and his sons, and they shall14 wait on their priest’s office: and the stranger15 that cometh nigh shall be put to death. [11] And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, [12] And I, behold, I have taken the Levites from among the children of Israel instead of all the firstborn that openeth the matrix among the children of Israel: therefore the Levites shall be mine;1617 [13] Because18 all the firstborn [are] mine; [for] on the day19 that I smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt I hallowed unto me all the firstborn in Israel, both man and beast: mine shall they be: I [am] the Lord.

The Numbering of the Levites

[14] And the Lord spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying, [15] Number the children of Levi after the house of their fathers, by their families: every male from a month old and upward shalt thou number them.20 [16] And Moses numbered them according to the word21 of the Lord, as he was commanded. [17] And these were the sons of Levi by their names; Gershon22, and Kohath, and Merari.23 [18] And these [are] the names of the sons of Gershon by their families; Libni, and Shimei.24 [19] And the sons of Kohath by their families; Amram, and Izehar, Hebron, and Uzziel.25 [20] And the sons of Merari by their families; Mahli, and Mushi. These [are] the families of the Levites according to the house of their fathers.26

The Gershonites[ Numbers 4:21–28 1 Chronicles 23:7–11 ]

[21] Of Gershon [was] the family of the Libnites, and the family of the Shimites: these [are] the families of the Gershonites.27 [22] Those that were numbered of them, according to the number of all the males, from a month old28 and upward, [even] those that were numbered of them [were] seven thousand and five hundred. [23] The families of the Gershonites shall pitch behind the tabernacle westward.29 [24] And the chief of the house of the father of the Gershonites [shall be] Eliasaph the son of Lael30. [25] And the charge31 of the sons of Gershon in the tabernacle of the congregation [shall be] the tabernacle, and32 the tent, the covering thereof, and the hanging33 for the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, [26] And the hangings34 of the court, and the curtain for the door of the court, which [is] by the tabernacle, and by the altar round about, and the cords35 of it for all the service thereof.

The Kohathites[ Numbers 4:1–20 1 Chronicles 23:12–20 ]

[27] [¶]And of Kohath [was] the family of the Amramites, and the family of the Izeharites, and the family of the Hebronites, and the family of the Uzzielites: these [are] the families of the Kohathites.36 [28] In the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, [were] eight thousand37 and six hundred, keeping38 the charge of the sanctuary. [29] The families of the sons of Kohath shall pitch on the side of the tabernacle southward.39 [30] And the chief of the house of the father of the families of the Kohathites [shall be] Elizaphan the son of Uzziel. [31] And their charge [shall be] the ark40, and the table, and the candlestick, and the altars41, and the vessels of the sanctuary wherewith they minister, and the hanging42, and all the service thereof. [32] And Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest [shall be] chief over the chief of the Levites, [and have] the oversight of them that keep the charge of the sanctuary.43

The Merarites[ Numbers 4:29–33 1 Chronicles 23:21–23 ]

[33] [¶]Of Merari [was] the family of the Mahlites, and the family of the Mushites: these [are] the families of Merari.44 [34] And those that were numbered of them, according to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, [were] six thousand and two hundred.45 [35] And the chief of the house of the father of the families of Merari [was] Zuriel the son of Abihail: [these] shall46 pitch on the side of the tabernacle northward47. [36] And [under] the custody and charge48 of the sons of Merari [shall be] the boards of the tabernacle, and the bars thereof, and the pillars thereof, and the sockets thereof, and all the vessels thereof, and all that serveth thereto, [37] And the pillars of the court round about, and their sockets, and their pins, and their cords.

Moses and Aaron

[38] [¶]But those that encamp before the tabernacle toward49 the east, [even] before the tabernacle of the congregation eastward, [shall be] Moses, and Aaron and his sons, keeping50 the charge of the sanctuary for the charge51 of the children of Israel; and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death. [39] All that were numbered of the Levites, which Moses and Aaron52 numbered at the commandment of the Lord, throughout their families, all the males from a month old and upward, [were] twenty and two thousand.

The Redemption of the Firstborn

[40] And the Lord said unto Moses, Number all the firstborn of the males of the children of Israel from a month old and upward, and take the number of their names.53 [41] And thou shalt take the Levites for me (I [am] the Lord) instead of all the firstborn among the children of Israel; and the cattle of the Levites instead of all the firstlings among the cattle of the children of Israel.54 [42] And Moses numbered, as the Lord commanded him, all the firstborn among the children of Israel. [43] And all the firstborn males by the number of names, from a month old and upward, of those that were numbered of them, were twenty and two thousand two hundred and threescore and thirteen.55

[44] [¶]And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, [45] Take the Levites instead of all the firstborn among the children of Israel, and the cattle of the Levites instead of their cattle; and the Levites shall be mine: I [am] the Lord.56 [46] And for those that are to be redeemed57 of the two hundred58 and threescore and thirteen of the firstborn of the children of Israel, which are59 more than the Levites; [47] Thou shalt even take five shekels60 apiece by the poll, after the shekel61 of the sanctuary shalt thou take [them]: (the shekel [is] twenty gerahs:) [48] And thou shalt give the money, wherewith the odd number of them is to be redeemed, unto Aaron and to his sons. [49] And Moses took the redemption money of them that were over and above them that were redeemed by the Levites: [50] Of the firstborn of the children of Israel took he the money; a thousand three hundred and threescore and five [shekels], after the shekel of the sanctuary:62 [51] And Moses63 gave the money of them that were redeemed unto Aaron and to his sons, according to the word of the Lord, as the Lord64 commanded Moses.

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  1. Num 3:1, The sons of Aaron; Num 3:5, The Levites are given to the priests instead of the first-born; Num 3:14, are numbered by their families; Num 3:21, The families, number, and charge of the Gershonites; Num 3:27, of the Kohathites; Num 3:33, of the Merarites; Num 3:38, The place and charge of Moses and Aaron; Num 3:40, The first-born are freed by the Levites; Num 3:44, The overplus are redeemed. 

  2. Gen 2:4, Gen 5:1, Gen 10:1; Exod 6:16, Exod 6:20; Matt 1:1 

  3. Num 1:1; Lev 25:1, Lev 27:34 

  4. Num 26:60; Exod 6:23, Exod 28:1; 1Chr 6:3, 1Chr 24:1 

  5. Exod 28:41, Exod 40:13, Exod 40:15; Lev 8:2, Lev 8:12, Lev 8:30 

  6. Heb. whose hand he filled, Exod 29:1-37; Lev. 8:1-9:24; Heb 7:28 

  7. Num 26:61; Lev 10:1-2 

  8. The word hakraiv, here rendered bring near, is properly a sacrificial word, and signifies the presenting of a sacrifice or offering to the Lord. As an offering, the tribe of Levi was entirely given up to the service of the sanctuary, to be no longer their own, but the Lord's. 

  9. Num 1:49-53, Num 2:17, Num 2:33, Num 8:6-15, Num 8:22-26, Num 16:9-11, Num 18:2-6; Exod 32:26-29; Deut 33:8-9; Mal 2:4 

  10. Num 3:32, Num 8:26, Num 31:30; 1Chr 23:28-32, 1Chr 26:20, 1Chr 26:22, 1Chr 26:26 

  11. Num 1:50, Num 8:11, Num 8:15, Num 8:24-26 

  12. Num 4:15, Num 4:28, Num 4:33, Num 10:17, Num 10:21; 1Chr 26:20-28; Ezra 8:24-30; Isa 52:11 

  13. Num 8:19, Num 18:6-7; Eph 4:8, Eph 4:11 

  14. Num 18:7; 1Chr 6:32; Ezek 44:8; Acts 6:3-4; Rom 12:7; 1Tim 4:15-16 

  15. Num 3:38, Num 1:51, Num 16:35, Num 16:40, Num 18:3; 1Sam 6:19; 2Sam 6:7; 2Chr 26:16-21; Eph 2:19; Heb 8:4, Heb 10:19-22 

  16. When God miraculously destroyed all the first-born of the Egyptians (Exod 12:29), he spared those of the Israelites; and, in commemoration of that event, he was pleased to appoint that all the first-born males "should be set apart unto himself" (Exod 13:12-16). God is here pleased to relinquish this claim, and to appoint the whole tribe of Levi to attend his immediate service in their stead. 

  17. Num 3:41, Num 3:45, Num 8:16, Num 8:18, Num 18:6 

  18. Num 8:16-17, Num 18:15; Exod 13:2, Exod 13:12, Exod 22:29, Exod 34:19; Lev 27:26; Ezek 44:30; Luke 2:23; Heb 12:23 

  19. Exod 12:29-30, Exod 13:15 

  20. Num 3:22, Num 3:28, Num 3:34, Num 3:39-40, Num 3:43, Num 18:15-16, Num 26:62; Prov 8:17; Jer 2:2, Jer 31:3; Mark 10:14; 2Tim 3:15 

  21. Heb. mouth, Num 3:39, Num 3:51, Num 4:27, Num 4:37, Num 4:41, Num 4:45, Num 4:49; Gen 45:21; Deut 21:5 

  22. Num 15:5-23, Num 23:6-23, 24:1-26:65; Neh. 11:1-12:47 

  23. Num 26:57-58; Gen 46:11; Exod 6:16-19; Josh 21:1-45; 1Chr 6:1-2, 1Chr 6:16-19 

  24. Num 3:21; Exod 6:17-19; 1Chr 6:17, 1Chr 6:20-21, 1Chr 23:7-11, 1Chr 25:4, 1Chr 26:1-32; Neh 12:1-26 

  25. Num 3:27; Exod 6:18, Exod 6:20; 1Chr 6:18, 1Chr 6:38, 1Chr 15:5, 1Chr 15:8-10, 1Chr 15:17-21, 1Chr 23:12-13, 1Chr 23:18-20; 1Chr 25:4, 1Chr 26:1-32; Neh 12:1-26 

  26. Num 3:33; Exod 6:19; 1Chr 6:19, 1Chr 6:29, 1Chr 6:44-47, 1Chr 15:6, 1Chr 23:21-23, 1Chr 24:27-30, 1Chr 25:3 

  27. Num 3:18 

  28. The males of all the other tribes were numbered from twenty years old and upwards; but, had the Levites been numbered in this way, they would not have been nearly equal in number to the first-born of the twelve tribes. Add to this, that as there must have been first-born of all ages in the other tribes, it was necessary that the Levites, who were to be their substitutes, should also be of all ages; and it appears to have been partly on this ground, that the Levites were numbered from a month old and upwards. Num 4:38-40 

  29. Num 1:53, Num 2:17 

  30. i.e. unto, by, because of God, ( ‎לָאֵל‎ ). Num 3:24 

  31. From this and the next chapter, we see the very severe labour which the Levites were to perform, while the journeyings of the Israelites lasted. When we consider, that there was not less than 14 tons 266 lbs. of metal employed in the tabernacle (see note on Exod 38:24), besides the immense weight of the skins, hangings, cords, boards, and posts, we shall find it was no easy matter to transport this moveable temple from place to place. The Gershonites, who were 7,500 in number had to carry the tent, coverings, vail, hangings of the court, cords, etc. (Num 3:25 and Num 3:26); the Kohathites, who were 8,600, the ark, table, candlestick, altars, and instruments of the sanctuary (Num 3:31); and the Merarites, who were 6,200, the boards, bars, sockets, and all matters connected with these belonging to the tabernacle, with the pillars of the court, their sockets, pins, and cords (Num 3:36 and Num 3:37). Num 3:7, Num 4:24-28, Num 7:7, Num 10:17; 1Chr 9:14-33, 1Chr 23:32, 1Chr 26:21-22; 2Chr 31:2, 2Chr 31:11-18; Ezra 8:28-30; Mark 13:34; Rom 12:6-8; Col 4:17; 1Tim 1:18 

  32. Exod 25:9, Exod 26:1-14, Exod 36:8-19, Exod 40:19 

  33. Exod 26:36-37, Exod 36:37-38, Exod 40:28 

  34. Exod 27:9-16, Exod 38:9-16 

  35. Exod 35:18 

  36. Num 3:19; 1Chr 23:12, 1Chr 26:23 

  37. Num 4:35-36 

  38. Num 3:7, Num 3:31 

  39. Num 3:23, Num 1:53, Num 2:10 

  40. Num 4:4-16; Exod 25:10-40, 31:1-35:29, Exod 37:1-24, Exod 39:33-42, Exod 40:2-16, Exod 40:30 

  41. Exod 27:1-8, Exod 30:1-10, Exod 37:25-29, Exod 38:1-7 

  42. Exod 26:31-33, Exod 36:35-36 

  43. Num 4:16, Num 4:27, Num 20:25-28; 2Kgs 25:18; 1Chr 9:14-20, 1Chr 26:20-24 

  44. Num 3:20; 1Chr 6:19, 1Chr 23:21 

  45. Num 1:21, Num 2:9, Num 2:11 

  46. Num 3:28-29, Num 1:53 

  47. Num 2:25 

  48. Heb. the office of the charge, the boards. Num 4:29-33, Num 7:8; Exod 26:15-29, Exod 26:32, Exod 26:37, Exod 27:9-19, Exod 35:11, Exod 35:18, Exod 36:20-34, Exod 36:36; Exod 38:17-20, Exod 39:33 

  49. Num 3:23, Num 3:29, Num 3:35, Num 1:53, Num 2:3 

  50. Num 3:10, Num 18:1-5; 1Chr 6:48-49 

  51. Num 3:7-8, Num 3:10 

  52. The word εΙΰΙδΙψΙοΙ, weaharon, "and Aaron," has a point over each of its letters, probably designed as a mark of spuriousness. The word is wanting in the Samaritan, Syriac, and Coptic, and also in eight of Dr. Kennicott's and in four of De Rossi's manuscripts. Moses alone, as Houbigant observes, was commanded to number the Levites (Num 3:5, Num 3:11, Num 3:40, Num 3:44, Num 3:51) for as the money with which the first-born were redeemed was to be paid to Aaron and his sons (Num 3:48), it was decent that he, whose advantage it was that the number of the first-born should exceed, should not be authorized to take that number himself. twenty and two thousand. This total does not agree with the particulars; for the Gershonites were 7,500, the Kohathites 8,600, and the Merarites 6,200, which make a total of 22,300. Several methods of solving this difficulty have been proposed by learned men. Houbigant supposes there is an error in the enumeration of the Kohathites in Num 3:28; the numeral shesh, "six," being written instead of shalosh, "three," before "hundred." Dr. Kennicott's mode of reconciling the discrepancy, however, is the most simple. He supposes that an error has crept into the number of the Gershonites in Num 3:22, where instead of 7,500 we should read 7,200, as κ, caph final, which stands for 500, might have been easily mistaken for ψ, resh, 200 (Dr. Kennicott on the Hebrew Text, vol. II. p. 212). Either of these modes will equally reconcile the difference. Num 4:47-48, Num 26:62; Matt 7:14 

  53. Num 3:12, Num 3:15, Num 3:45; Exod 32:26-29; Ps 87:6; Isa 4:3; Luke 10:20; Phil 4:3; 2Tim 2:19; Heb 12:23; Rev 3:5, Rev 14:4 

  54. Num 3:12, Num 3:45, Num 8:16, Num 18:15; Exod 24:5-6, Exod 32:26-29; Matt 20:28; 1Tim 2:6 

  55. Num 3:39 

  56. Num 3:12, Num 3:40-41 

  57. Num 18:15; Exod 13:13 

  58. As the number of the Levites was 22,000, and the first-born males of the Israelites were 22,273, there were therefore 372 more of the latter than of the former, which are here ordered to be redeemed. The price of redemption is fixed at five shekels, or about 15s. each, in Num 3:47. This money, amounting to 1,365 shekels, equal to £204, 15s English, was taken of the first-born. There is some difficulty, however, in determining which of the first-born should be redeemed by paying this sum, and which should be exchanged for the Levites; for every Israelite, no doubt, would rather have his first-born redeemed by a Levite, than pay five shekels; and yet some of them must have incurred this expense. Rabbi Solomon Jarchi says, to prevent contention, Moses took 22,000 slips of parchment, and wrote on each a son of Levi, and 273 more, on which he wrote five shekels; then putting them in an urn, and shaking them together, he ordered every one of the first-born to draw out a slip. If he drew out one with the first inscription, he said to him, a Levite hath redeemed thee, but if he drew out one of the latter, he said, pay the price. This is pronounced by Dr. A. Clarke to be a stupid, silly tale; but when we know that the determination by lot was used among the Israelites, it does not seem improbable that it was now resorted to, though we cannot vouch for the accuracy of the detail. This species of redeeming men is referred to by St. Peter in his 1st Epistle 1Pet 1:18-19

  59. Num 3:39-43 

  60. Num 18:16; Lev 27:6 

  61. Num 3:50; Exod 30:13; Lev 27:25; Ezek 45:12 

  62. Num 3:46-47; Matt 20:28; 1Tim 2:5-6; Titus 2:14; Heb 9:12; 1Pet 1:18, 1Pet 3:18 

  63. Num 3:48, Num 16:15; 1Sam 12:3-4; Acts 20:33; 1Cor 9:12; 1Pet 5:2 

  64. Mal 4:4