(KJV) Numbers 191

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The Red Heifer

[1] And the Lord spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, [2] This [is] the ordinance2 of the law which the Lord hath commanded, saying, Speak unto the children of Israel, that they bring thee a red heifer3 without spot, wherein [is] no blemish4, [and] upon which5 never came yoke:678910 [3] And ye shall give her unto Eleazar the priest, that he may bring her forth without the camp11, and [one] shall slay her before his face: [4] And Eleazar the priest shall take of her blood with his finger, and sprinkle12 of her blood directly before the tabernacle of the congregation seven times: [5] And [one] shall burn the heifer in his sight; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, with her dung, shall he burn:13 [6] And the priest shall take cedar wood, and hyssop, and scarlet, and cast [it] into the midst of the burning of the heifer.14 [7] Then the priest shall wash his clothes, and he shall bathe his flesh in water, and afterward he shall come into the camp, and the priest shall be unclean until the even.15 [8] And he that burneth her shall wash his clothes in water, and bathe his flesh in water, and shall be unclean until the even. [9] And a man [that is] clean16 shall gather up the ashes of the heifer, and lay [them] up17 without the camp in a clean place, and it shall be kept for the congregation of the children of Israel for a water of separation18: it [is] a purification for sin. [10] And he that gathereth the ashes of the heifer shall wash his19 clothes, and be unclean until the even: and it shall be20 unto the children of Israel, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among them, for a statute for ever.

Purification of the Unclean

[11] He that toucheth the dead21 body of any man22 shall be unclean seven days. [12] He shall purify23 himself with it on the third day24, and on the seventh day he shall be clean: but if he purify not himself the third day, then the seventh day he shall not be clean. [13] Whosoever toucheth the dead body of any man that is dead, and purifieth25 not himself, defileth the tabernacle of the Lord; and that soul shall be cut off from Israel: because the water26 of separation was not sprinkled upon him, he shall be unclean; his uncleanness27 [is] yet upon him. [14] This [is] the law, when a man dieth in a tent: all that come into the tent, and all that [is] in the tent, shall be unclean seven days. [15] And every open vessel, which hath no covering bound upon it, [is] unclean.28 [16] And whosoever toucheth29 one that is slain with a sword in the open fields, or a dead body, or a bone30 of a man, or a grave31, shall be unclean seven days. [17] And for an unclean [person] they shall take of the ashes32 of the burnt heifer of purification for sin, and running water shall be put thereto33 in a vessel: [18] And a clean person shall take hyssop, and dip [it] in the water, and sprinkle [it] upon the tent, and upon all the vessels, and upon the persons that were there, and upon him that touched a bone, or one slain, or one dead, or a grave:34 [19] And the clean [person] shall sprinkle35 upon the unclean on the third day, and on the seventh day: and on the seventh day he36 shall purify himself, and wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and shall be clean at even. [20] But the man that shall be unclean, and shall not37 purify himself, that soul shall be cut off from among the congregation, because he hath defiled the sanctuary of the Lord: the water of separation hath not been sprinkled upon him; he [is] unclean. [21] And it shall be a perpetual statute unto them, that he that sprinkleth the water of separation shall wash his clothes; and he that toucheth the water of separation shall be unclean until even.38 [22] And whatsoever39 the unclean [person] toucheth shall be unclean; and the soul40 that toucheth [it] shall be unclean until even.

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  1. Num 19:1, The water of separation made of the ashes of a red heifer; Num 19:11, The law for the use of it in purification of the unclean. 

  2. Num 31:21; Heb 9:10 

  3. The following curious particulars have been remarked in this ordinance: 

  4. Exod 12:5; Lev 22:20-25; Mal 1:13-14; Luke 1:35; Heb 7:26; 1Pet 1:19; 1Pet 2:22 

  5. Deut 21:3; 1Sam 6:7; Lam 1:14; John 10:17-18; Phil 2:6-8 

    1. A heifer was appointed for sacrifice, in opposition to the Egyptian superstition, which held these sacred, and worshipped their goddess Isis under this form; and this appears the more likely, because males only were chosen for sacrifice. So Herodotus says, they sacrifice males, both old and young; but it is not lawful for them to offer females.

    1. It was to be a red heifer, because the Egyptians sacrificed red bulls to the evil demon Typhon.

    1. It was to be without spot, having no mixture of any other colour. Plutarch says, the Egyptians "sacrifice red bulls, and select them with such scrupulous attention, that if the animal has a single black or white hair, they reckon it αθυτον, unfit to be sacrificed."

    1. Without blemish. (See note on Lev 22:21.)

    1. On which never came yoke. Because an animal which had been used for a common purpose was deemed improper for sacrifice. Num 19:6; Lev 14:6; Isa 1:18; Rev 1:5

  6. Num 5:2, Num 15:36; Lev 4:12, Lev 4:21, Lev 13:45-46, Lev 16:27, Lev 24:14; Heb 13:11-13 

  7. Lev 4:6, Lev 4:17, Lev 16:14, Lev 16:19; Heb 9:13-14, Heb 12:24; 1Pet 1:2 

  8. Exod 29:14; Lev 4:11-12, Lev 4:21; Ps 22:14; Isa 53:10 

  9. Lev 14:4, Lev 14:6, Lev 14:49; Ps 51:7; Isa 1:18; Heb 9:19-23 

  10. Num 19:8, Num 19:19; Lev 11:25, Lev 11:40, Lev 14:8-9, Lev 15:5, Lev 16:26-28 

  11. Num 19:18, Num 9:13; 2Cor 5:21; Heb 7:26, Heb 9:13 

  12. Num 19:17 

  13. That is, water prepared by being mixed with the ashes of the heifer, and set apart for the special purpose of being sprinkled on those who had contracted any legal defilement. To this rite the apostle Paul, in his epistle to the Hebrews. (Heb 9:13-14), pointedly alludes: "For if," says he, "the blood of bulls and of goats," alluding, probably, to the sin-offerings and the scape-goat, "and the ashes of a heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh; how much more shall the blood of Christ, who, through the eternal Spirit, offered himself without spot unto God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God." Num 19:13, Num 19:20-21, Num 6:12, Num 31:23-24; Lev 15:20; Zech 13:1; 2Cor 7:1 

  14. Num 19:7-8, Num 19:19 

  15. Num 15:15-16; Exod 12:49; Rom 3:29-30; Col 3:11 

  16. He who touched a dead beast was only unclean for one day (Lev 11:12, Lev 11:27, Lev 11:39); but he who touches a dead man is unclean for seven days. This was certainly designed to shew the peculiar impurity and sinfulness of man, and the hatefulness of sin, seven times worse than the vilest animal! Num 19:16, Num 5:2, Num 9:6, Num 9:10, Num 31:19; Lev 11:31, Lev 21:1, Lev 21:11; Lam 4:14; Hag 2:13; Rom 5:12; 2Cor 6:17; Eph 2:1; Heb 9:14 

  17. Heb. soul of man 

  18. Yithchatta, literally, "he shall sin himself," i.e., not add sin, but take it away, purify. So we say to fleece, and to skin, which do not signify to add a fleece, or a skin, but to take one away. Num 19:17-18; Ps 51:7; Ezek 36:25; Acts 15:9; Rev 7:14 

  19. Num 31:19; Exod 19:11, Exod 19:15; Lev 7:17; Hos 6:2; 1Cor 15:3-4 

  20. Num 15:30; Lev 5:3, Lev 5:6, Lev 5:17, Lev 15:31; Heb 2:2-3, Heb 10:29; Rev 21:8, Rev 22:11, Rev 22:15 

  21. Num 19:9, Num 19:18, Num 8:7 

  22. Lev 7:20, Lev 22:3; Prov 14:32; John 8:24 

  23. Num 31:20; Lev 11:32, Lev 14:36 

  24. Num 19:11, Num 31:19 

  25. Ezek 39:11-16 

  26. Matt 23:27; Luke 11:44 

  27. Heb. dust, Num 19:9 

  28. Heb. living waters shall be given, Gen 26:19 *marg. Song 4:15; John 4:10-11, John 7:38; Rev 7:17 

  29. Num 19:9; Ps 51:7; Ezek 36:25-27; John 15:2-3, John 17:17, John 17:19; 1Cor 1:30; Heb 9:14 

  30. Eph 5:25-27; Titus 2:14, Titus 3:3-5; 1John 1:7, 1John 2:1-2; Jude 1:23; Rev 1:5-6 

  31. Num 19:12, Num 31:19; Gen 2:2; Lev 14:9 

  32. Num 19:13, Num 15:30; Gen 17:14; Mark 16:16; Acts 13:39-41; Rom 2:4-5; 2Pet 3:14; Rev 22:11 

  33. Lev 11:25, Lev 11:40, Lev 16:26-28; Heb 7:19, Heb 9:10, Heb 9:13-14, Heb 10:4 

  34. Lev 7:19; Hag 2:13 

  35. Lev 15:5; Matt 15:19-20; Mark 7:21-23