(KJV) Leviticus 231

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⥃Feasts and Sabbaths [ Exodus 23:14–19 ]

[1] And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, [2] Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, [Concerning] the feasts2 of the Lord, which ye shall proclaim3 [to be] holy convocations, [even] these [are] my feasts. [3] Six days shall work be done: but the seventh day [is] the sabbath of rest, an holy convocation; ye shall do no work [therein]: it [is] the sabbath of the Lord in all your dwellings.4

⥃Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread [ Exodus 12:14–28 † Numbers 28:16–25 † Deuteronomy 16:1–8 ]

[4] These [are] the feasts of the Lord, [even] holy convocations, which ye shall proclaim in their seasons.5 [5] In the fourteenth [day] of the first month at even [is] the Lord’s passover.6 [6] And on the fifteenth day of the same month [is] the feast of unleavened bread unto the Lord: seven days ye must eat unleavened bread.7 [7] In the first day ye shall have an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.8 [8] But ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the Lord seven days: in the seventh day [is] an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work [therein].

⥃The Feast of Firstfruits

[9] [¶]And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, [10] Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When9 ye be come into the land which I give unto you, and shall10 reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf11 of the firstfruits of your harvest unto the priest: [11] And he shall wave the sheaf before the Lord, to be accepted for you: on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it.12 [12] And ye shall offer that day when ye wave the sheaf an he lamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering unto the Lord.13 [13] And the meat14 offering thereof [shall be] two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the Lord [for] a sweet savour: and the drink15 offering thereof [shall be] of wine, the fourth16 [part] of an hin. [14] And ye shall eat17 neither bread, nor parched corn, nor green ears, until the selfsame day that ye have brought an offering unto your God: [it shall be18] a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.

⥃The Feast of Weeks [ Acts 2:1–13 ]

[15] And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath, from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven sabbaths shall be complete:19 [16] Even unto the morrow after the seventh sabbath shall ye number fifty days; and ye shall offer a new meat offering unto the Lord.20 [17] Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave21 loaves of two tenth deals: they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baken with leaven22; [they are] the firstfruits23 unto the Lord. [18] And ye shall offer with the bread seven lambs24 without blemish of the first year, and one young bullock, and two rams: they shall be [for] a burnt offering unto the Lord, with their25 meat offering, and their drink offerings, [even] an offering made by fire, of sweet savour unto the Lord. [19] Then ye shall sacrifice one kid26 of the goats for a sin offering, and two lambs27 of the first year for a sacrifice of peace offerings. [20] And the priest shall wave them28 with the bread of the firstfruits [for] a wave offering before the Lord, with the two lambs: they shall be holy to29 the Lord for the priest. [21] And ye shall proclaim30 on the selfsame day, [that] it may be an holy convocation unto you: ye shall do no servile work [therein]: [it shall be] a statute31 for ever in all your dwellings throughout your generations.

[22] [¶]And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, neither shalt thou gather any gleaning of thy harvest: thou shalt leave them unto the poor, and to the stranger: I [am] the Lord your God.32

⥃The Feast of Trumpets [ Numbers 29:1–6 ]

[23] And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, [24] Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, In the seventh33 month, in the first [day] of the month, shall ye have a sabbath, a memorial34 of blowing of trumpets, an holy convocation. [25] Ye shall do no servile work [therein]: but ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the Lord.

⥃The Day of Atonement [ Leviticus 16:1–34 † Numbers 29:7–11 ]

[26] [¶]And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, [27] Also on the tenth35 [day] of this seventh month [there shall be] a day of atonement: it shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall afflict36 your souls, and offer37 an offering made by fire unto the Lord. [28] And ye shall do no work in that same day: for it [is] a day of atonement, to make an atonement for you before the Lord your God.38 [29] For whatsoever soul [it be] that shall39 not be afflicted in that same day, he shall be40 cut off from among his people. [30] And whatsoever soul [it be] that doeth any work in that same day, the same soul will I destroy from among his people.41 [31] Ye shall do no manner of work: [it shall be] a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings. [32] It [shall be] unto you a sabbath42 of rest, and ye shall afflict43 your souls: in the ninth [day] of the month at even, from even unto even, shall ye celebrate your sabbath44.

⥃The Feast of Tabernacles [ Nehemiah 8:13–18 † Zechariah 14:16–21 ]

[33] And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, [34] Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, The fifteenth45 day of this seventh month [shall be] the feast of tabernacles46 [for] seven days unto the Lord. [35] On the first day [shall be] an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work [therein].47 [36] Seven48 days ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the Lord: on the eighth49 day shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the Lord: it [is] a solemn50 assembly; [and] ye shall do no servile work [therein]. [37] These [are] the feasts51 of the Lord, which ye shall proclaim [to be] holy convocations, to offer an offering made by fire unto the Lord, a burnt offering, and a meat offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, every thing52 upon his day: [38] Beside the sabbaths53 of the Lord, and beside54 your gifts, and beside all your vows, and beside all your freewill offerings, which ye give unto the Lord. [39] Also in the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when55 ye have gathered in the fruit of the land, ye shall keep a feast unto the Lord seven days: on the first56 day [shall be] a sabbath, and on the eighth day [shall be] a sabbath. [40] And ye shall take you on the first day the boughs57 of goodly trees, branches of palm trees58, and the boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook; and ye shall rejoice59 before the Lord your God seven days. [41] And ye shall keep it a feast unto the Lord seven days in the year. [It shall be] a statute for ever in your generations: ye shall celebrate it in the seventh month.60 [42] Ye shall dwell in booths seven days; all that are Israelites born shall dwell in booths:61 [43] That your generations may know that I made the children of Israel to dwell in booths, when I brought them out of the land of Egypt: I [am] the Lord your God.62 [44] And Moses declared unto the children of Israel the feasts of the Lord. 63

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  1. Lev 23:1, The feasts of the Lord; Lev 23:3, The sabbath; Lev 23:4, The passover; Lev 23:9, The sheaf of first-fruits; Lev 23:15, The feast of Pentecost; Lev 23:22, Gleanings to be left for the poor; Lev 23:23, The feast of trumpets; Lev 23:26, The day of atonement; Lev 23:33, The feast of tabernacles. ↩

  2. God appointed several festivals among the Jews. The Passover was celebrated on the 14th, or rather 15th day of the first month in the ecclesiastical year, which was the seventh of the civil year, and lasted seven days. The Pentecost was celebrated on the fiftieth day after the passover, in memory of the law's being given to Moses on Mount Sinai, fifty days, or seven weeks after the departure out of Egypt. The word is derived from the Greek word Πεντηκοστη, which signifies the fiftieth. The Hebrews call it the feast of weeks, Exod 34:22. The feast of trumpets, celebrated on the first day of the civil year, when a trumpet was sounded, to proclaim its commencement, which was in the month Tisri, answering to our September, Lev 23:24-25. The new moons, or first days of every month, were, in some sort, a consequence of the feast of trumpets. God ordained that, by giving him the first-fruits of every month they should acknowledge him as the Lord of all their time, and own his providence, by which all times and seasons are ordered. The feast of expiation or atonement was kept on the 10th day of Tisri or September: the Hebrews call it Kippur, i.e., pardon or expiation, because it was instituted for the expiation of their sins. The feast of tents or tabernacles was so called, because the Israelites kept it under green tents or arbours, in memory of their dwelling in their passage through the wilderness. It was celebrated on the 15th day of Tisri, and continued eight days. The first and last days are the most solemn. Besides the feasts mentioned by Moses, we find the feast of lots, or Purim, which was celebrated among the Jews of Shushan on the 14th of Adar, which answers to our February. The feast of the dedication of the temple, or rather, of the restoration of the temple, which had been profaned by Antiochus Epiphanes, which is thought to be the feast mentioned in the gospel John 10:22, was celebrated in the winter. Moâdim, properly means assemblies, convened at an appointed time and place. Lev 23:4, Lev 23:37; Exod 23:14-17; Isa 1:13-14, Isa 33:20; Lam 1:4; Hos 2:11; Nah 1:15; John 5:1; Col 2:1 ↩

  3. Exod 32:5; Num 10:2-3, Num 10:10; 2Kgs 10:20; 2Chr 30:5; Ps 81:3; Joel 1:14, Joel 2:15; Jonah 3:5-9 ↩

  4. Lev 19:3; Exod 16:23, Exod 16:29, Exod 20:8-11, Exod 23:12, Exod 31:15, Exod 34:21, Exod 35:2-3; Deut 5:13; Isa 56:2, Isa 56:6, Isa 58:13; Luke 13:14, Luke 23:56; Acts 15:21; Rev 1:10 ↩

  5. Lev 23:2, Lev 23:37; Exod 23:14 ↩

  6. Exod 12:2-14, Exod 12:18, Exod 13:3-10, Exod 23:15; Num 9:2-7, Num 28:16; Deut 16:1-8; Josh 5:10; 2Chr 35:18-19; Matt 26:17; Mark 14:12; Luke 22:7; 1Cor 5:7-8 ↩

  7. Exod 12:15-16, Exod 13:6-7, Exod 34:18; Num 28:17-18; Deut 16:8; Acts 12:3-4 ↩

  8. Num 28:18-25 ↩

  9. Lev 14:34 ↩

  10. Lev 2:12-16; Exod 22:29, Exod 23:16, Exod 23:19, Exod 34:22, Exod 34:26; Num 15:2, Num 15:18-21, Num 28:26; Deut 16:9; Josh 3:15 ↩

  11. or, handful, Heb. omer, the first fruits, This offering was a public acknowledgment of the bounty and goodness of God for the kindly fruits of the earth. From the practice of the people of God, the heathen borrowed a similar one, founded on the same reason. Prov 3:9-10; Ezek 44:30; Rom 11:16; 1Cor 15:20-23; Jas 1:18; Rev 14:4 ↩

  12. Lev 9:21, Lev 10:14; Exod 29:24 ↩

  13. Lev 1:10; Heb 10:10-12; 1Pet 1:19 ↩

  14. Lev 2:14-16, Lev 14:10; Num 15:3-12 ↩

  15. Exod 29:40-41, Exod 30:9; Num 28:10; Joel 1:9, Joel 1:13, Joel 2:14 ↩

  16. Exod 30:24; Ezek 4:11, Ezek 45:24, Ezek 46:14 ↩

  17. Lev 19:23-25, Lev 25:2-3; Gen 4:4-5; Josh 5:11-12 ↩

  18. Lev 3:17, Lev 10:11; Deut 16:12; Neh 9:14; Ps 19:8 ↩

  19. Lev 23:10-11, Lev 25:8; Exod 34:22; Deut 16:9-10 ↩

  20. Acts 2:1 ↩

  21. Num 28:26 ↩

  22. Lev 7:13; Matt 13:33 ↩

  23. Lev 23:10; Exod 22:29, Exod 23:16, Exod 23:19, Exod 34:22, Exod 34:26; Num 15:17, Num 15:19-21; Deut 26:1-2; Prov 3:9-10; Rom 8:23; 1Cor 15:20; Jas 1:18; Rev 14:4 ↩

  24. Lev 23:12-13; Num 28:27-31; Mal 1:13-14 ↩

  25. Num 15:4-12 ↩

  26. Lev 4:23-28, Lev 16:15; Num 15:24, Num 28:30; Rom 8:3; 2Cor 5:21 ↩

  27. Lev 3:1-17, Lev 7:11-18 ↩

  28. Lev 23:17, Lev 7:29-30; Exod 29:24; Luke 2:14; Eph 2:14 ↩

  29. Lev 7:31-34, Lev 8:29, Lev 10:14-15; Num 18:8-12; Deut 18:4; 1Cor 9:11 ↩

  30. Lev 23:2, Lev 23:4; Exod 12:16; Deut 16:11; Isa 11:10 ↩

  31. Lev 23:14; Gen 17:7; Exod 12:17; Num 18:23 ↩

  32. Lev 19:9-10; Deut 16:11-14, Deut 24:19-21; Ruth 2:3-7, Ruth 2:15, Ruth 2:16-23; Job 31:16-21; Ps 41:1-3, Ps 112:9; Prov 11:24-25; Isa 58:7-8, Isa 58:10; Luke 11:41; 2Cor 9:5-12; To the institution of the feast of pentecost is annexed a repetition of that law, by which they were required to leave the gleanings of their fields, and the corn that grew on the ends of the butts, for the poor. It may come in here as a thing which the priests must take occasion to remind the people of, when they brought their first-fruits, intimating to them, that to obey even in this small matter was better than sacrifice; and that unless they were obedient, their offerings should not be accepted. It also taught them that the joy of harvest should express itself in charity to the poor, who must have their due out of what we have, as well as God his. They that are truly sensible of the mercy they receive from God, will without grudging shew mercy to the poor. ↩

  33. Num 10:10, Num 29:1-6; 1Chr 15:28; 2Chr 5:13; Ezra 3:6; Ps 81:1-4, Ps 98:6; Isa 27:13; 1Cor 15:52; 1Thess 4:16 ↩

  34. Zichron terooâh, here rendered "a memorial of blowing the trumpets" properly signifies a memorial of triumph or shouting for joy. This festival is generally called the feast of trumpets; and, though the Scriptures have not expressly declared the reason of its celebration, yet, as it fell in the seventh month of the sacred year, which was the first of the civil year, that is, the month Tisri, answering to our September, the opinion very generally embraced by both Jews and Christians is, that it was a memorial of the creation of the world, at which "the sons of God shouted for joy," (Job 38:7); and which is supposed, not altogether without reason, to have been at this season of the year. The month Tisri was not only anciently, but still is, reckoned by the Jews the first month of the year; and the feast of tabernacles, kept in this month, was said to be, as it is correctly rendered in the margin, "at the revolution of the year," (Exod 34:22); importing, that at this season the year had revolved, and was beginning anew. So that this feast was the new year's day, on which the people rejoiced in a grateful remembrance of God's benefits, and implored his blessing for the future year. Lev 25:9 ↩

  35. Lev 16:29-30, Lev 25:9; Num 29:7-11 ↩

  36. Lev 16:31; Num 29:7; Ezra 8:21; Ps 35:13; Isa 58:5; Dan 10:2-3; Zech 12:10; Acts 2:37-38; 2Cor 7:10-11; Jas 4:9 ↩

  37. Lev 16:11, Lev 16:15, Lev 16:24 ↩

  38. Lev 16:34; Isa 53:10; Dan 9:24; Zech 3:9; Rom 5:10-11; Heb 9:12, Heb 9:26; Heb 10:10, Heb 10:14; 1John 2:2, 1John 4:10, 1John 5:6 ↩

  39. Lev 23:27, Lev 23:32; Isa 22:12; Jer 31:9; Ezek 7:16 ↩

  40. Gen 17:14 ↩

  41. Lev 20:3, Lev 20:5-6; Gen 17:14; Jer 15:7; Ezek 14:9; Zeph 2:5; 1Cor 3:17 ↩

  42. Lev 16:31; Matt 11:28-30; Heb 4:3, Heb 4:11 ↩

  43. Lev 23:27; Ps 35:13, Ps 51:17, Ps 69:10-11, Ps 126:5-6; Isa 57:15, Isa 57:18-19, Isa 58:3-7; Isa 61:3; Matt 5:4; 1Cor 11:31 ↩

  44. Heb. rest ↩

  45. Exod 23:16, Exod 34:22; Num 29:12; Deut 16:13-15; Ezra 3:4; Neh 8:14; Zech 14:16-19; John 1:14, John 7:2; Heb 11:9, Heb 11:13 ↩

  46. This feast was celebrated in commemoration of the Israelites' dwelling in tents in the wilderness for forty years; and was kept with greater hilarity than any of the other festivals. Hence, in the Talmud, it is often called chag, the feast, by way of excellence; and by Philo, εορτων μεγιστην, the greatest of the feasts; it was therefore more noticed by the heathen than any other. It is probable that Cecrops borrowed from it the law which he made in Athens, "that the master of every family should after harvest make a feast for his servants, and eat together with them who had taken pains with him in tilling his grounds." ↩

  47. Lev 23:7-8, Lev 23:24-25 ↩

  48. Num 29:12-38 ↩

  49. 2Chr 7:8-11; Neh 8:18; John 7:37 ↩

  50. Heb. day of restraint, Deut 16:8; Joel 1:14, Joel 2:15 *marg. ↩

  51. Lev 23:2, Lev 23:4; Deut 16:16-17 ↩

  52. Eccl 3:1 ↩

  53. Lev 23:3, Lev 19:3; Gen 2:2-3; Exod 20:8-11 ↩

  54. Num 29:39; Deut 12:6; 1Chr 29:3-8; 2Chr 35:7-8; Ezra 2:68-69 ↩

  55. Lev 23:34; Exod 23:16; Deut 16:13 ↩

  56. Lev 23:24, Lev 23:36 ↩

  57. Heb. fruit, Neh 8:15; Matt 21:8 ↩

  58. Ps 92:12; John 12:13; Rev 7:9 ↩

  59. Deut 16:14-15; Isa 35:10, Isa 66:10; John 16:22; Rom 5:11; Phil 3:3, Phil 4:4; 1Pet 1:8 ↩

  60. Num 29:12; Neh 8:18 ↩

  61. Gen 33:17; Num 24:2, Num 24:5; Neh 8:14-17; Jer 35:10; 2Cor 5:1; Heb 11:13-16 ↩

  62. Exod 13:14; Deut 31:10-13; Ps 78:5-6 ↩

  63. Lev 23:1-2, Lev 21:24; Matt 18:20 ↩