(KJV) Leviticus 51
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⥃Sins Requiring a Sin Offering [ Leviticus 4:1–35 † Leviticus 6:24–30 ]
[1] And if a soul2 sin, and hear3 the voice of swearing4, and [is] a witness, whether he hath seen or known [of it]; if he do not utter [it], then he shall bear5 his iniquity. [2] Or if a soul touch6 any unclean thing, whether [it be] a carcase of an unclean beast, or a carcase of unclean cattle, or the carcase of unclean creeping things, and [if] it be hidden7 from him; he also shall be unclean, and guilty8. [3] Or if he touch the uncleanness9 of man, whatsoever uncleanness [it be] that a man shall be defiled withal, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth [of it], then he shall be guilty. [4] Or if a soul10 swear, pronouncing with [his] lips to do evil11, or to do good, whatsoever [it be] that a man shall pronounce with an oath, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth [of it], then he shall be guilty in one of these. [5] And it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these [things], that he shall confess12 that he hath sinned in that [thing]: [6] And he shall bring his trespass offering13 unto the Lord for his sin which he hath sinned, a female14 from the flock, a lamb or a kid of the goats, for a sin offering; and the priest15 shall make an atonement for him concerning his sin. [7] And if he be not able to bring a lamb16, then he shall bring for his trespass, which he hath committed, two turtledoves17, or two young pigeons, unto the Lord; one18 for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering. [8] And he shall bring them unto the priest, who shall offer [that] which [is] for the sin offering first, and wring off19 his head from his neck, but shall not divide [it] asunder: [9] And he shall sprinkle20 of the blood of the sin offering upon the side of the altar; and the rest21 of the blood shall be wrung out at the bottom of the altar: it [is] a sin offering. [10] And he shall offer22 the second [for] a burnt offering, according to the manner23: and the priest shall make24 an atonement for him for his sin which he hath sinned, and it25 shall be forgiven him.
[11] [¶]But if26 he be not able to bring two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then he that sinned shall bring for his offering the tenth part27 of an ephah of fine flour28 for a sin offering; he shall put no oil29 upon it, neither shall he put [any] frankincense thereon: for it [is30] a sin offering. [12] Then shall he bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take his handful of it, [even] a memorial31 thereof, and burn [it] on the altar, according32 to the offerings made by fire unto the Lord: it [is] a sin offering. [13] And the priest33 shall make an atonement for him as touching his sin that he hath sinned in one of these, and it shall be34 forgiven him: and [the remnant] shall be the priest’s, as a meat offering.
⥃Laws for Guilt Offerings [ Leviticus 6:1–7 † Leviticus 7:1–10 ]
[14] And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, [15] If a soul35 commit a trespass, and sin through ignorance, in the36 holy things of the Lord; then he shall bring for his trespass unto the Lord a ram37 without blemish out of the flocks, with thy estimation38 by shekels of silver, after the shekel39 of the sanctuary, for a trespass offering: [16] And he shall make40 amends for the harm that he hath done in the holy thing, and shall add the fifth41 part thereto, and give it unto the priest: and the priest42 shall make an atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering, and it shall be forgiven him.
[17] [¶]And if a soul sin43, and commit any of these things which are forbidden to be done by the commandments of the Lord; though44 he wist [it] not, yet is he45 guilty, and shall bear his iniquity. [18] And he46 shall bring a ram without blemish out of the flock, with thy estimation, for a trespass47 offering, unto the priest: and the priest48 shall make an atonement for him concerning his ignorance wherein he erred and wist [it] not, and it shall be forgiven him. [19] It [is] a trespass offering: he hath certainly trespassed49 against the Lord.
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Lev 5:1, He that sins in concealing his knowledge; Lev 5:2, in touching an unclean thing; Lev 5:4, or in making an oath; Lev 5:6, His trespass offering, of the flock; Lev 5:7, of fowls; Lev 5:11, or of flour; Lev 5:14, The trespass offering in sacrilege; Lev 5:17, and in sins of ignorance. ↩
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Exod 22:11; Judg 17:2; 1Kgs 8:31, 1Kgs 22:16; 2Chr 18:15; Prov 29:24, Prov 30:9; Matt 26:63 ↩
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Kol alah, rather, "the voice of adjuration," φωνην ορκισμου, as the LXX render; for this does not relate to the duty of informing against a common swearer, but to the case of a person who, being adjured by the civil magistrate to answer upon oath, refuses to declare what he knows upon the subject - such an one shall bear his iniquity - shall be considered as guilty in the sight of God of the transgression which he has endeavoured to conceal, and must expect to be punished for hiding the iniquity with which he was acquainted. ↩
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Lev 5:17, Lev 7:18, Lev 17:16, Lev 19:8, Lev 20:17; Num 9:13; Ps 38:4; Isa 53:11; 1Pet 2:24 ↩
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Lev 7:21, Lev 11:24, Lev 11:28, Lev 11:31, Lev 11:39; Num 19:11-16; Deut 14:8; Isa 52:11; Hag 2:13; 2Cor 6:17 ↩
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Lev. 12:1-13:59, Lev 15:1-33, Lev 22:4-6; Num 19:11-16 ↩
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This relates to rash oaths or vows, which a man was afterwards unable, or which it would have been sinful, to perform. ↩
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Lev 27:2-34; Josh 2:14, Josh 9:15; Judg 9:19, Judg 11:31, Judg 21:7, Judg 21:18; 1Sam 1:11; 1Sam 14:24-28, 1Sam 24:21-22, 1Sam 25:22; 2Sam 21:7; 2Kgs 6:31; Ps 132:2-5; Eccl 5:2-6; Ezek 17:18-19; Matt 14:7, Matt 14:9; Mark 6:23; Acts 23:12 ↩
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Lev 16:21, Lev 26:40; Num 5:7; Josh 7:19; Ezra 10:11-12; Job 33:27; Ps 32:5; Prov 28:13; Jer 3:13; Dan 9:4; Rom 10:10; 1John 1:8-10 ↩
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It is remarkable, that in this and the following verse, the sacrifice offered is indifferently called asham, a trespass offering, and chattath, a sin offering; yet the Marginal References shew that these differ in several respects. Sin offerings were sometimes offered for the whole congregation; trespass offerings never, but only for particular persons. Bullocks were sometimes used for sin offerings, never for trespass offerings. The blood of the sin offerings was put on the horns of the altar, that of the trespass offerings was only sprinkled round the bottom of the altar. The sin offering seems to have been for the expiation of offences committed in matters of religion, from a mistake or inadvertency respecting the law; but the trespass offering was required for the casual deviations from the ritual law, when well known, or for crimes against moral precepts, implying injustice to man. Lev 4:28, Lev 4:32, Lev 6:6, Lev 7:1-7, Lev 14:12-13, Lev 19:21-22; Num 6:12; Ezek 40:39, Ezek 42:13 ↩
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Heb. his hand cannot reach to the sufficiency of a lamb, Lev 5:11, Lev 12:8, Lev 14:21; 2Cor 8:12; Jas 2:5-6 ↩
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Lev 5:8-9, Lev 9:3, Lev 14:22, Lev 14:31, Lev 15:14-15, Lev 15:30, Lev 16:5; Heb 10:6-10 ↩
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Lev 1:5, Lev 4:25, Lev 4:30, Lev 4:34, Lev 7:2; Exod 12:22-23; Isa 42:21; Heb 2:10, Heb 12:24 ↩
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or, ordinance, Lev 1:14-17 ↩
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Lev 5:6, Lev 5:13, Lev 5:16, Lev 4:20, Lev 4:26, Lev 4:31, Lev 4:35; Rom 5:11; 1John 2:2 ↩
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Lev 2:1-2, Lev 2:4-5, Lev 2:15-16; Num 5:15; Ps 22:1-21, Ps 69:1-21; Isa 53:2-10 ↩
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Lev 2:2, Lev 2:9, Lev 2:16, Lev 6:15; Num 5:26; Acts 10:4; Eph 5:2 ↩
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Lev 1:9, Lev 1:13, Lev 1:17, Lev 2:9, Lev 3:4, Lev 3:11, Lev 4:35 ↩
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Lev 5:16, Lev 7:1, Lev 7:6, Lev 10:17-18, Lev 22:1-16, Lev 24:5-9, Lev 27:9-33; Num 18:9-32; Deut 12:5-12, Deut 12:26, Deut 15:19-20, Deut 26:1-15 ↩
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Lev 22:14; Exod 22:1, Exod 22:3-4; Ps 69:4; Luke 19:8; Acts 26:20 ↩
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Lev 6:4-5, Lev 27:13, Lev 27:15, Lev 27:27, Lev 27:31; Num 5:7 ↩
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Lev 5:6, Lev 5:10, Lev 5:13, Lev 4:26; Heb 9:13-14; 1John 2:1-2 ↩
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This case is supposed to differ from the preceding, merely in that the person concerned was not certain whether he had or had not committed the trespass. It is therefore called by the Hebrews a doubtful trespass offering. Lev 5:1, Lev 4:2-4, Lev 4:13, Lev 4:22, Lev 4:27 ↩