(KJV) Exodus 91

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⥃The Fifth Plague: Livestock

[1] Then the Lord said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh, and tell him, Thus saith the Lord God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me.2 [2] For if thou refuse to let [them] go, and wilt hold them still,3 [3] Behold, the hand4 of the Lord is upon thy cattle which [is] in the field, upon the horses, upon the asses, upon the camels, upon the oxen, and upon the sheep: [there shall be] a very grievous murrain5. [4] And the Lord shall sever between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of Egypt: and there shall nothing die of all [that is] the children’s of Israel.6 [5] And the Lord appointed a set time7, saying, To morrow the Lord shall do this thing in the land. [6] And the Lord did that thing on the morrow, and all the cattle of Egypt died: but of the cattle of the children of Israel died not one.8 [7] And Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not one of the cattle of the Israelites dead. And the heart9 of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people go.

⥃The Sixth Plague: Boils

[8] And the Lord said unto Moses and unto Aaron, Take to10 you handfuls of ashes of the furnace, and let Moses sprinkle it toward the heaven in the sight of Pharaoh. [9] And it shall become small dust in all the land of Egypt, and shall be a boil11 breaking forth [with] blains upon man, and upon beast, throughout all the land of Egypt. [10] And they took ashes of the furnace, and stood before Pharaoh; and Moses sprinkled it up toward heaven; and it became a boil12 breaking forth [with] blains upon man, and upon beast. [11] And the magicians could not stand before Moses because of the boils; for the boil was upon the magicians, and upon all the Egyptians.13 [12] And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he hearkened not unto them; as the Lord had spoken unto Moses.14

⥃The Seventh Plague: Hail

[13] And the Lord said unto Moses, Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the Lord God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me.15 [14] For I will at this time send all16 my plagues upon thine heart, and upon thy servants, and upon thy people; that thou17 mayest know that [there is] none like me in all the earth. [15] For now I will stretch18 out my hand, that19 I may smite thee and thy people with pestilence; and thou shalt be cut off20 from the earth. [16] And in very deed21 for this [cause] have I raised thee up22, for to23 shew [in] thee my power; and that my24 name may be declared throughout all the earth. [17] As yet exaltest thou thyself against my people, that thou wilt not let them go?25 [18] Behold, to morrow26 about this time I will cause27 it to rain a very grievous hail, such as hath not been in Egypt since the foundation thereof even until now. [19] Send therefore now, [and] gather28 thy cattle, and all that thou hast in the field; [for upon] every man and beast which shall be found in the field, and shall not be brought home, the hail29 shall come down upon them, and they shall die. [20] He that feared the word of the Lord among the servants of Pharaoh made his servants and his cattle flee into the houses:30 [21] And he that regarded not31 the word of the Lord left his servants and his cattle in the field.

[22] And the Lord said unto Moses, Stretch forth thine hand toward heaven, that there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, upon man, and upon beast, and upon every herb of the field, throughout the land of Egypt.32 [23] And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven: and the Lord sent33 thunder and hail34, and the fire ran along upon the ground; and the Lord rained hail upon the land of Egypt. [24] So there was hail, and fire mingled with the hail, very grievous, such as there was none like35 it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation. [25] And the hail smote throughout all the land of Egypt all that [was] in the field, both man and beast; and the hail smote every36 herb of the field, and brake every tree of the field. [26] Only in the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel [were], was there no hail.37

[27] [¶]And Pharaoh sent, and called for Moses and Aaron, and said unto them, I have38 sinned this time: the Lord39 [is] righteous, and I and my people [are] wicked. [28] Intreat40 the Lord (for [it is] enough) that there be no [more] mighty thunderings41 and hail; and I will let you go, and ye shall42 stay no longer. [29] And Moses said unto him, As soon as I am gone out of the city, I will spread43 abroad my hands unto the Lord; [and] the thunder shall cease, neither shall there be any more hail; that thou mayest know how that the earth44 [is] the Lord’s. [30] But as for thee and thy servants, I know that ye will not yet fear the Lord God.45 [31] And the flax46 and the barley47 was smitten: for the barley [was] in the ear, and the flax [was] bolled. [32] But the wheat and the rie were not smitten: for they [were] not grown up48. [33] And Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh, and spread49 abroad his hands unto the Lord: and the thunders50 and hail ceased, and the rain was not poured upon the earth. [34] And when Pharaoh saw51 that the rain and the hail and the thunders were ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened52 his heart, he and his servants. [35] And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, neither would he let the children of Israel go; as the Lord had spoken by Moses.

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  1. Exod 9:1, The murrain of beasts; Exod 9:8, The plague of boils and blains; Exod 9:13, The message of Moses about the hail; Exod 9:22, The plague of hail; Exod 9:27, Pharaoh sues to Moses, but yet is hardened. ↩

  2. Exod 9:13, Exod 3:18, Exod 4:22-23, Exod 5:1, Exod 8:1, Exod 8:20, Exod 10:3 ↩

  3. Exod 4:23, Exod 8:2, Exod 10:4; Lev 26:14-16, Lev 26:23-24, Lev 26:27-28; Ps 7:11-12, Ps 68:21; Isa 1:20; Rom 2:8; Rev 2:21-22, Rev 16:9 ↩

  4. Exod 7:4, Exod 8:19; 1Sam 5:6-11, 1Sam 6:9; Acts 13:11 ↩

  5. We may observe a particular scope and meaning in this calamity, if we consider it in regard to the Egyptians, which would not have existed in respect to any other people. They held in idolatrous reverence almost every animal, but some they held in particular veneration; as the ox, cow, and ram. Among these, Apis and Mnevis are well known; the former being a sacred bull, worshipped at Memphis, as the latter was at Heliopolis. A cow or heifer had the like honours at Momemphis; and the same practice seems to have been adopted in most of the Egyptian nomes. By the infliction of this judgment, the Egyptian deities sank before the God of the Hebrews. See Bryant, pp. 87-93. Exod 5:3 ↩

  6. Exod 8:22, Exod 10:23, Exod 12:13; Isa 65:13-14; Mal 3:18 ↩

  7. Exod 9:18, Exod 8:23, Exod 10:4; Num 16:5; Job 24:1; Eccl 3:1-11; Jer 28:16-17; Matt 27:63-64 ↩

  8. Exod 9:19, Exod 9:25; Ps 78:48, Ps 78:50 ↩

  9. Exod 9:12, Exod 7:14, Exod 8:32; Job 9:4; Prov 29:1; Isa 48:4; Dan 5:20; Rom 9:18 ↩

  10. This was a significant command; not only referring to the fiery furnace, which was a type of the slavery of the Israelites, but to a cruel rite common among the Egyptians. They had several cities styled Typhonian, in which at particular seasons they sacrificed men, who were burnt alive; and the ashes of the victim were scattered upwards in the air, with the view, probably, that where any atom of dust was carried, a blessing was entailed. The like, therefore, was done by Moses, though with a different intention, and more certain effect. See Bryant, pp. 93-106. Exod 8:16 ↩

  11. Lev 13:18-20; Deut 28:27, Deut 28:35; Job 2:7; Rev 16:2 ↩

  12. Deut 28:27 ↩

  13. Exod 7:11-12, Exod 8:18-19; Isa 47:12-14; 2Tim 3:8-9; Rev 16:2 ↩

  14. Exod 4:21, Exod 7:13-14; Ps 81:11-12; Rev 16:10-11; Hardness of heart is a figurative expression, denoting that insensibility of mind upon which neither judgments nor mercies make any abiding impressions; but the conscience being stupefied, the obdurate rebel persists in determined disobedience. ↩

  15. Exod 9:1, Exod 7:15, Exod 8:20 ↩

  16. Lev 26:18, Lev 26:21, Lev 26:28; Deut 28:15-17, Deut 28:59-61, Deut 29:20-22, Deut 32:39-42; 1Sam 4:8; 1Kgs 8:38; Jer 19:8; Mic 6:13; Rev 18:8, Rev 22:18 ↩

  17. Exod 8:10 ↩

  18. Exod 9:3, Exod 9:6, Exod 9:16, Exod 3:20 ↩

  19. Exod 11:4-6, Exod 12:29-30 ↩

  20. Exod 14:28; 1Kgs 13:34; Prov 2:22 ↩

  21. Exod 14:17; Ps 83:17-18; Prov 16:4; Rom 9:17, Rom 9:22; 1Pet 2:8, 1Pet 2:19; Jude 1:4 ↩

  22. Heb. made thee stand ↩

  23. Exod 14:4, Exod 15:11-16, Exod 18:11; Josh 2:10-11; 1Sam 4:8; Ps 136:10-15 ↩

  24. 1Chr 16:24; Ps 64:9, Ps 83:17-18; Isa 63:12-14; Mal 1:11, Mal 1:14; Rom 9:17 ↩

  25. Job 9:4, Job 15:25-26, Job 40:9; Isa 10:15, Isa 26:11, Isa 37:23-24, Isa 37:29, Isa 45:9; Acts 12:23; 1Cor 10:22 ↩

  26. 1Kgs 19:2, 1Kgs 20:6; 2Kgs 7:1, 2Kgs 7:18 ↩

  27. This must have been a circumstance of all others the most incredible to an Egyptian; for in Egypt there fell no rain, the want of which was supplied by dews, and the overflowing of the Nile. The Egyptians must, therefore, have perceived themselves particularly aimed at in these fearful events, especially as they were very superstitious. There seems likewise a propriety in their being punished by fire and water, as they were guilty of the grossest idolatry towards these elements. Scarcely anything could have distressed the Egyptians more than the destruction of the flax, as the whole nation wore linen garments. The ruin of their barley was equally fatal, both to their trade and to their private advantage. See Bryant, pp. 108-117. Exod 9:22-25; Ps 83:15 ↩

  28. Hab 3:2 ↩

  29. Exod 9:25 ↩

  30. Prov 16:16, Prov 22:3, Prov 22:23; Jonah 3:5-6; Mark 13:14-16; Heb 11:7 ↩

  31. Heb. set not his heart unto, Exod 7:23; 1Sam 4:20 marg. 1Chr 22:19; Job 7:17, Job 34:14; Prov 24:32 marg. Ezek 40:4; Dan 10:12 ↩

  32. Exod 7:19, Exod 8:5, Exod 8:16; Rev 16:21 ↩

  33. Exod 19:16, Exod 20:18; 1Sam 12:17-18; Job 37:1-5; Ps 29:3, Ps 77:18; Rev 16:18, Rev 16:21 ↩

  34. Josh 10:11; Job 38:22-23; Ps 18:13, Ps 78:47-48, Ps 105:32-33, Ps 148:8; Isa 30:30; Ezek 38:22; Rev 8:7 ↩

  35. Exod 9:23, Exod 10:6; Matt 24:21 ↩

  36. Ps 105:33 ↩

  37. Exod 8:22-32, Exod 9:4, Exod 9:6, Exod 10:23, Exod 11:7, Exod 12:13; Isa 32:18-19 ↩

  38. Exod 10:16; Num 22:34; 1Sam 15:24, 1Sam 15:30, 1Sam 26:21; Matt 27:4 ↩

  39. 2Chr 12:6; Ps 9:16, Ps 129:4, Ps 145:17; Lam 1:18; Dan 9:14; Rom 2:5, Rom 3:19 ↩

  40. Exod 8:8, Exod 8:28, Exod 10:17; Acts 8:24 ↩

  41. Heb. voices of God, Ps 29:3-4 ↩

  42. Exod 11:1 ↩

  43. Exod 9:33; 1Kgs 8:22, 1Kgs 8:38; 2Chr 6:12-13; Ezra 9:5; Job 11:13; Ps 143:6; Isa 1:15 ↩

  44. Deut 10:14; Ps 24:1-2, Ps 50:12, Ps 95:4-5, Ps 135:6; 1Cor 10:26, 1Cor 10:28 ↩

  45. Prov 16:6; Isa 26:10, Isa 63:17 ↩

  46. The word pishteh, flax, Mr. Parkhurst thinks may be derived from pashat, to strip, because the substance which we call flax is properly the filaments of the bark or rind of the vegetable, stripped off the stalks. From time immemorial, Egypt was celebrated for the production and manufacture of flax; and hence the linen and fine linen of Egypt, so often spoken of in scripture and ancient authors. ↩

  47. The Hebrew seorah, barley, in Arabic shair, and shairat, is so called from its rough, bristly beard, with which the ears are covered and defended; from saâr, to stand on end as the hair of the head. Hence seâr, the hair of the head. So its Latin name hordeum is from horreo, to stand on end as the hair. Dr. Pococke has observed that there is a double seed time and harvest in Egypt; rice, India wheat, and a grain called the corn of Damascus, are sown and reaped at a very different time from wheat, barley, and flax. The first are sown in March, before the overflowing of the Nile, and reaped about October; whereas the wheat and barley are sown in November and December, as soon as the Nile has gone off, and reaped before May. Ruth 1:22, Ruth 2:23; Amos 4:9; Hab 3:17 ↩

  48. Heb. hidden, or dark, Exod 10:22 ↩

  49. Exod 9:29, Exod 8:12 ↩

  50. Exod 10:18-19; Jas 5:17-18 ↩

  51. Exod 8:15; Eccl 8:11 ↩

  52. Exod 4:21, Exod 7:14; 2Chr 28:22, 2Chr 33:23, 2Chr 36:13; Rom 2:4-5 ↩