Lexical Definition

‎שַׁבָּת‎ shabbâth (shab-bawth') Sabbath ^H:N-F
intensive from ‎שָׁבַת‎

([phrase] every) sabbath.

• intermission, i.e (specifically) the Sabbath

1) Sabbath
1a) sabbath
1b) day of atonement
1c) sabbath year
1d) week
1e) produce (in sabbath year)

See Greek: ἀνάπαυσις · ἕβδομος · προσάββατον · σάββατον

Brown-Driver-Briggs

‎שַׁבָּת‎₁₁₁ noun feminine^{Exod 31:41+} and masculine^{Isa 66:2; Isa 66:6} (under influence of ‎יוֺם‎ in frequent ‎׳‎‎יוֺם הַשּׁ‎, Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 47}) sabbath ( = ‎ת‎ + ‎שׁבת‎; Late Hebrew ‎שַׁבָּת‎, Aramaic ‎שַׁבְּתָא‎, ; perhaps Assyrian šabattum (||um nu— libbi, day of rest of heart (i.e. propitiation) [of deity]: only in lexical Tablets); compare Lotz^{Quaest. de hist. Sabbati, 1883} Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 274 ff.} (doubts connection of Assyrian word with Hebrew Sabbath) Id^{S. S. Times, Jan. 16, 1892, 35 f.} Muss-Arn^{JBL xi (1892), 93} Schw^{Idioticon 127}; see (more recently) Jastr^{Amos. J. Theol. ii (1898), 332 ff.} Toy^{TBL xviii (1899), 190 ff.} Dr^{Hast. DB SABBATH (1902)} Zim^{KAT 3. 592 ff.; ZMG 1904, 199 ff.} [15th day of month so called]^{458 ff.}); — absolute ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Exod 16:25 + 64 t.; construct ‎שַׁבַּת‎ vExod 16:23 + 10 t.; suffix ‎שַׁבַּתּוֺ‎ Num 28:10 + 3 t. suffix; plural ‎שַׁבָּתוֺת‎ Lev 23:15 + 7 t.; construct ‎שַׁבְּתתֹ‎ vLev 23:38; Lev 25:3; Lev 25:8 suffix ‎שַׁבְּתוֺתַי‎ Isa 56:4 +, etc.; —

1. sabbath:
a. primitive ‎ליהוה‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Exod 16:25 (J), Exod 20:10 = Deut 5:14 (ten words) Lev 23:3 (P); ‎׳‎‎הַשּׁ‎ Exod 16:29 (J); ‎בַּיוֺם‎ ‎׳‎‎הַשְּׁבִיעִי שׁ‎ Exod 16:26 (J); on seventh day ‎יוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת‎ Exod 20:8; Exod 20:11 = Deut 5:12; Deut 5:15 (ten words), so throughout; Exod 31:15 + 3 t. P, Jer 17:21; Ezek 46:4; Neh 10:32* + 9 t., + (|| new moon) Isa 1:13; Ezek 46:1; 2Kgs 4:23; Amos 8:5, compare Isa 66:23 (twice in verse), also ‎חג‎ and ‎מועד‎ Hos 2:13* time of change of watch in temple 2Kgs 11:5; 2Kgs 11:7; 2Kgs 11:9 (twice in verse) = 2Chr 23:4; 2Chr 23:8 (twice in verse); ‎מיסך‎ ‎׳‎‎הַשּׁ‎ (in temple) 2Kgs 16:18 originally observed simply by abstinence from labour Exod 20:9; Exod 20:10 = Deut 5:12-14; Exod 23:12 (E), Exod 34:21 (J; Br^{Hex. 181-195}).
b. Deuteronomic reason for day is deliverance from Egypt Deut 5:15, hence its consecration, ‎לְקַדְּשׁוֺ‎ vDeut 5:12 = Exod 20:8 ‎׳‎‎קדּשׁ יום השׁ‎ Jer 17:22; Jer 17:24; Jer 17:27 (especially no load carried), Ezek 20:20; Ezek 44:24.
c. intensified by anith. ‎׳‎‎חלּל שׁ‎ Ezek 20:13 +5 t. Ezekiel; compare Neh 13:18. Phrases in H: ‎׳‎‎שׁמר (ה)שׁ‎ Lev 19:3; Lev 19:10; Lev 26:2, then P Exod 31:13; Exod 31:14; Exod 31:16 compare Isa 56:2; Isa 56:4; Isa 56:6 ‎יוֺם קָדְשִׁי‎, ‎׳‎‎קדושׁ י‎: Isa 58:13 (twice in verse) (with ‎כבּד‎). H also ‎שַׁבְּתֹתֵיכֶם‎ Lev 26:35 ‎׳‎‎מִמָּחֳרַת הַשּׁ‎ Lev 23:11; Lev 23:15; Lev 23:16 ‎שַׁבְּתוֺתַי‎ Lev 19:3; Lev 19:30; Lev 26:2; Isa 56:4; Ezek 20:12; Ezek 22:26, +8 t. Ezekiel; || ‎מוֺעֵד‎ Lam 2:6.
d. P gives as basis God's resting Exod 20:11; Exod 31:17 ‎׳‎‎שׁבתות י‎ Lev 23:38 ‎קדשׁ‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ ‎ליהוה‎ Exod 16:23, compare Neh 9:14, ‎שׁבתון‎ ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ Exod 31:15; Exod 35:2; Lev 23:3 ‎׳‎‎עשׂה השׁ‎ Exod 31:16, ‎בְּשַׁבַּתּוֺ‎ ‎׳‎‎עֹלַת שׁ‎ Num 28:10, compare Isa 66:23 ‎׳‎‎בְּיוֺם הַשּׁ‎ ‎׳‎‎בְּיוֺם הַשּׁ‎ Lev 24:8 on every sabbath, abbreviation ‎שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּת‎ 1Chr 9:32 ‎לַשַּׁבָּתוֺת‎ || ‎חֳדָשִׁים‎ + ‎מועדים‎ 1Chr 23:31 + 3 t. Chronicles, Neh 10:34* (‎ל‎ omitted by error); work punished by stoning Num 15:32; Num 15:36 trade prohibited Neh 10:32*; Neh 13:15-21.

2. day of atonement is a ‎שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֺן‎ Lev 16:31; Lev 23:32 (P), compare ‎שָׁבַת שַׁבָּת‎ vLev 23:32 (P).

3. sabbath year, ‎שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֺן‎ Lev 25:4 (H); ‎שַׁבָּת ליהוה‎ vLev 25:2 vLev 25:4 (H), ‎שַׁבְּתוֺתֶיהָ רצה (הארץׅ‎ Lev 26:34 (twice in verse); Lev 26:43 (H), 2Chr 36:21.

4. = week(?): ‎שֶׁבַע שַׁבָּתוֺת‎ Lev 23:15 (H), seven sabbaths or weeks; ‎שֶׁבַע שַׁבְּתתֹ (ה)שָּׁנִים‎ Lev 25:8; Lev 28:8 (H) seven sabbaths or weeks (of years), uncertain (see Mark 16:2; Mark 16:9; Luke 18:12; Matt 28:1, compare Jewish-Aramaic usage); possibly ‎שַׁבָּת‎ Isa 66:23 = week (Du).

5. ‎שַׁבַּת הָאָ֫רֶץ‎ Lev 25:6 (H) = produce in sabbath year (growing of itself).

Brown-Driver-Briggs References