Lexical Definition
שָׁבַת shâbath (shaw-bath') to cease H:V
a primitive root
(cause to, let, make to) cease, celebrate, cause (make) to fail, keep (sabbath), suffer to be lacking, leave, put away (down), (make to) rest, rid, still, take away.
- to repose, i.e. desist from exertion
- used in many implied relations (causative, figurative or specific)
1) to cease, desist, rest
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to cease
1a2) to rest, desist (from labour)
1b) (Niphal) to cease
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to cease, put an end to
1c2) to exterminate, destroy
1c3) to cause to desist from
1c4) to remove
1c5) to cause to fail
2) (Qal) to keep or observe the sabbath
See Greek: αἴρω · ἀναπαύω · ἀπαλλοτριόω · ἀπόλλυμι · ἀποστρέφω · ἀφαιρέω · ἀφανίζω · ἐκλείπω · ἡσυχάζω · καταδυναστεύω · κατακαίω · καταλύω · καταπαύω · παρακαλέω · παύω · συντρίβω
Brown-Driver-Briggs
שָׁבַת71 verb cease, desist, rest (As šabâtu, probably cease, be completed DlWB ZimKAT 3. 593 (JenZA iv (1889), 277 f. is sceptical); Arabic 
cut off, interrupt; Late Hebrew has שֶׁבֶת neglect, etc., Aramaic שִׁבְתָּא cost of nealect); —
Qal27 Perfect 3 masculine singular ׳שׁ Gen 2:3 +; 3 plural שָׁבָ֑תוּ Lam 5:14, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁבּוֺת Hos 7:4 יִשְׁבֹּת Prov 22:10 + 2 t.; 3 feminine singular תִּשְׁבֹּת Lev 26:35 תִּשְׁבַּת vLev 26:34; Neh 6:3 +, etc.; —
1. cease: (absolute 13 t.) of seasons Gen 8:22 (J); manna Josh 5:12 (P), etc., Isa 14:4 (twice in verse); Neh 6:3 +; with מִן Hos 7:4 + 3 t.
2. desist from labour, rest:
a. with מִן (of god) Gen 2:2; Gen 2:3 (P).
b. מִן omitted, ב temporal Exod 23:12 (E), Exod 16:30; Exod 34:21 (J), Exod 31:17 (P); ׳בֶּחָרִישׁ וּבַקָּצִיר שׁ Exod 34:21 (J; i.e., even in these busy seasons).
c. land in 7th year Lev 26:34; Lev 26:35 (twice in verse) (H), 2Chr 36:21. — Lev 23:32; Lev 25:2 see [ שָׁבַת] verb denominative below Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִשְׁבַּת Isa 17:3 + 2 t.; plural נִשְׁבְּתוּ Ezek 6:6 — cease: absolute Ezek 6:6; Ezek 30:18; Ezek 33:28 with מִן Isa 17:3. Hiph`il40 Perfect 3 masculine singular הִשְׁבִּית Ruth 4:14 +; 2 masculine singular הִשְׁבַּתָּ Ps 89:45*; Ps 119:119, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַשְׁבִּיתּ Prov 18:18; Dan 9:27 וַיַּשְׁבֵּת 2Kgs 23:11; 2Chr 16:5, etc.; Infinitive construct הַשְׁבִּית Ps 8:3* לַשְׁבִּית Amos 8:4 (Ges«GKC:53q»§ 53q); Imperative masculine plural הַשְׁבִּ֫יתוּ Isa 30:11 Participle מַשְׁבִּית Jer 16:9; Ps 46:10* —
1. cause to cease, put an end to: with accusative mirth Hos 2:13*, work 2Chr 16:5; Neh 4:5* sacrifice Dan 9:27 war Ps 46:10*, compare Isa 13:11; Ezek 7:24; Prov 18:18 + 6 t., + קוֺל שָׂשׂוֺן מִן ׳הִשׁ Jer 7:34; Jer 16:9, compare Jer 48:33.
2. = exterminate, destroy: with accusative 2Kgs 23:5; 2Kgs 23:11; Amos 8:4 (Now conjectures העשׁקים), Hos 1:4; Ps 8:3*; Ps 119:119 with accusative + מִן, Jer 36:29, מִן הָאָרֶץ Lev 26:6 (H), Ezek 34:25 אלילים Ezek 30:13; Deut 32:26.
3. cause to desist from: with מִן Ezek 16:41; Ezek 34:10; Exod 5:5 (E = give rest from); לְבִלְתִּי infinitive Josh 22:25 (P).
4. remove ( = מִן הֵסִיר): with מִן Ezek 23:27; Ezek 23:48; Ps 89:45* (text dubious: read הִשְׁבַּתּוֺ [
3.] ᵐ5 Du; מַטֵּה הֹדוֺ Herz Che, see also below טֳהָר); leaven מבתים Exod 12:15 (P); מִפָּנֵינוּ ׳ישׂר ׳אֶחקֿ ׳הַשׁ Isa 30:11.
5. cause to fail, let be lacking: salt מֵעַל מִנְחָתֶ֑ךָ Lev 2:12 (P); accusative pers + ל person Jer 48:35; Ruth 4:14.
[שָׁבַת] verb denominative keep, observe (sabbath); —
Qal, with accusative of congnate meaning with verb; Perfect 3 feminine singular וְשָֽׁבְתָה הָאָרֶץ ׳שַׁבָּת לי Lev 25:2 2 masculine plural מֵעֶרֶב עַדעֶֿרֶב תִּשְׁבְּתוּ שַׁבַּתְּכֶ֑ם Lev 23:32 (P).
Brown-Driver-Briggs References
| Book | Refs |
|---|---|
| Genesis | 2:2 · 2:3 · 8:22 |
| Exodus | 5:5 · 12:15 · 16:30 · 23:12 · 31:17 · 34:21 |
| Leviticus | 2:12 · 23:32 · 25:2 · 26:6 · 26:34 · 26:35 |
| Deuteronomy | 32:26 |
| Joshua | 5:12 · 22:25 |
| Ruth | 4:14 |
| 2 Kings | 23:5 · 23:11 |
| 2 Chronicles | 16:5 · 36:21 |
| Nehemiah | 4:5* · 6:3 |
| Psalms | 8:3* · 46:10* · 89:45* · 119:119 |
| Proverbs | 18:18 · 22:10 |
| Isaiah | 13:11 · 14:4 · 17:3 · 30:11 |
| Jeremiah | 7:34 · 16:9 · 36:29 · 48:33 · 48:35 |
| Lamentations | 5:14 |
| Ezekiel | 6:6 · 7:24 · 16:41 · 23:27 · 23:48 · 30:13 · 30:18 · 33:28 · 34:10 · 34:25 |
| Daniel | 9:27 |
| Hosea | 1:4 · 2:13* · 7:4 |
| Amos | 8:4 |