Lexical Definition

‎שָׁמֵם‎ shâmêm (shaw-mame') be desolate: destroyed ^H:V
a primitive root

make amazed, be astonied, (be an) astonish(-ment), (be, bring into, unto, lay, lie, make) desolate(-ion, places), be destitute, destroy (self), (lay, lie, make) waste, wonder.

• to stun (or intransitively, grow numb), i.e. devastate or (figuratively) stupefy (both usually in a passive sense)

1) to be desolate, be appalled, stun, stupefy
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be desolated, be deflowered, be deserted, be appalled
1a2) to be appalled, be awestruck
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be desolated, be made desolate
1b2) to be appalled
1c) (Polel)
1c1) to be stunned
1c2) appalling, causing horror (participle)
1c2a) horror-causer, appaller (subst)
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to devastate, ravage, make desolated
1d2) to appal, show horror
1e) (Hophal) to lay desolate, be desolated
1f) (Hithpolel)
1f1) to cause to be desolate
1f2) to be appalled, be astounded
1f3) to cause oneself desolation, cause oneself ruin

See Greek: ἀναστρέφω · ἀπόλλυμι · ἀτιμάζω · ἀφανίζω · διαφθείρω · ἐκλύω · ἐκπλήσσω · ἐξίστημι · ἐπάγω · ἔρημος · ἐρημόω · ἐρήμωσις · θαῦμα · θαυμάζω · κατανοέω · καταφθείρω · στυγνάζω · συντρίβω · ταράσσω

Extended Information

• : destroyed/deserted

Brown-Driver-Briggs

[‎שָׁמֵם‎] verb be desoleted, appalled (connection of meanings not clear) (Late Hebrew id.; Jewish-Aramaic ‎שְׁמַם‎ Ithpe`el be dazed); —

Qal Perfect 3 feminine singular ‎שָׁמֵ֑מָה‎ Ezek 35:15, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יִשֹּׁם‎; 1Kgs 9:8 +, 3 masculine plural ‎יָשֹּׁ֫מּוּ‎ Job 17:8; Ps 40:16*, etc.; Imperative masculine plural ‎שֹׁ֫מוּ‎ Jer 2:19 Infinitive construct (?) metaplastic ‎שַׁמוֺת‎ Ezek 36:3 (Ges^{«GKC:67r»§ 67r}, but see infra); — ‎תֵּשַׁם‎, etc. (see [‎יָשַׁם‎]) are placed here by most; Ezek 6:6 reads ‎תִּישָׁ֑מְנָה‎, see Ges § 67 p dd; — Participle ‎שׁוֺמֵם‎ Lam 3:11 (see also Po-.); feminine ‎שֹׁמֵמָ֔ה‎ (Ges^{«GKC:84a»§ 84a} «GKC:84a:s»s) 2Sam 13:20 +; plural ‎שׁוֺמֵמִין‎ Lam 1:14, etc.; —

1. be desolated, of Tamar 2Sam 13:20 (i.e. deflowered, or deserted; others appalled), of person elsewhere late Lam 1:16 ‎נְתָנַנִי‎ ‎שֹׁמֵמָה‎ vLam 1:13, ‎׳‎‎שָׂמַ֫נִי שׁ‎ Lam 3:11 participle as feminine noun ‎בְּנֵי שׁוֺמֵמָה‎ Isa 54:1 (opposed to ‎בְּעוּלָה‎) [Dan 8:13](/btb/not_created.html) + see Po-.]; usually of land, etc. (sometimes=deserted), Isa 49:8; Ezek 33:28 (‎מֵאֵין עוֺבֵר‎), Ezek 35:12 (read ‎שָֽׁמְמוּ‎ Qr Co Toy Krae; >Kt ‎שׁממה‎), vEzek 35:15 ‎הֶחְָרָבוֺת הַשֹּׁמִמוֺת‎ Ezek 36:4 (|| ‎הֶעָרִים הַנֱּעֶזָבוֺת‎ ‎שַׁמּוֺת‎) vEzek 36:3 is probably corrupt, Co ‎שְׁאָט‎ as vEzek 36:5, Hi-Sm from ‎שׁמה‎ = ‎נשׁם‎, Toy reads ‎נָשֹׁם‎, Krae ‎נָשֹׁם‎; — participle feminine plural as noun = desolate places Isa 49:19; Isa 61:4 (both || ‎חֳרָבוֺת‎), vIsa 61:4 (compare ‎שְׁמָמָה‎ Isa 62:4); = desolations Dan 9:18; Dan 9:26.

2. be appalled, awestruck, usually at (‎עַל‎) judgments on others, Lev 26:32 (H), Jer 2:12 (see II. [ ‎חָרֵב‎]), Ezek 26:16; Ezek 27:35; Ezek 28:19; Isa 52:14; Job 17:8, compare 1Kgs 9:8 = 2Chr 7:12; Jer 18:16; Jer 19:8; Jer 49:17; Jer 50:13 on oneself Ps 40:16* (‎עַלעֵֿקֶב‎). — Isa 42:14 see [‎נשׁם‎]. Niph`al Perfect 3 feminine singular ‎נָשַׁ֫מָּה‎ Jer 12:11 +, 3 plural ‎נָשַׁ֫נּוּ‎ Zeph 3:6 +; Participle feminine ‎נְשַׁמָּה‎ Ezek 36:34 +, etc.; — =

Qal: 1. be desolated, of roads Lev 26:22 (H), Isa 33:8, bamoth Amos 7:9 (|| ‎יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ‎), altars Ezek 6:4 compare Ezek 25:3; Ezek 32:15; Zeph 3:6; Zech 7:14; Joel 1:17; Ps 69:26* of lands Ezek 29:12; Ezek 30:7; Ezek 36:34; Ezek 36:35, cities Isa 54:3 (opposed to ‎יוֺשִׁיבוּ‎), compare Ezek 36:35; Amos 9:14; Jer 33:10 ‎הַנְּשַׁמָּה‎ Ezek 36:36 the desolated (that is, land, in figure).

2. be appalled Jer 4:9; Lam 4:5; Ezek 4:17; Ezek 30:7, with ‎עַל‎ of thing Job 18:20. Po` Participle

1. ‎וֵָ˜אשְׁבָה מְשׁוֺמֵם‎ Ezra 9:3I sat appalled, compare vEzra 9:4

2. transitive appalling, causing horror (Dr^{Dan 150 f.}): ‎(הַ)שִּׁקּוּץ מְשֹׁמֵם‎ Dan 11:31, + perhaps Dan 9:27 a (see ‎שִׁקּוּץ‎); so also ‎שֹׁמֵם‎ ‎׳‎‎שִׁוּ‎ Dan 12:11 (on ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ v, Ges^{«GKC:52s»§ 52s}), ‎הַפֶּשַׁע שֹׁמֵם‎ Dan 8:13 the crime causing horror, and ‎׳‎‎שׁ‎ as noun horror-causer, appaller, Dan 9:27b. Hiph`il Perfect 2 masculine singular ‎הֲשִׁמּ֫וֺתָ‎ Job 16:7, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יַשּׁים‎ (Ges^{«GKC:67y»§ 67y}) Jer 49:20; Jer 50:45, 3 masculine plural suffix ‎וַיְשִׁמֵּם‎ 1Sam 5:6, 1 plural ‎נַשִּׁים‎ Num 21:30, etc.; Imperative masculine plural ‎הָשַׁמּוּ‎ (Ges^{«GKC:67v»§ 67v}) Job 21:5 Infinitive absolute ‎הַשְׁמֵם‎ Mic 6:13 Participle ‎מַשְׁמִים‎ Ezek 3:15 —

1. devastate, ravage, accusative of person 1Sam 5:6; Ezek 20:26; Hos 2:14* (figurative of vine), Job 16:7 accusative of location Lev 26:31; Lev 26:32 (H) Jer 10:25; Ezek 30:12; Ezek 30:14; Ps 79:7, so (accusative omitted) Num 21:30 (poem in J E), Mic 6:13 — Ezek 14:8 see ‎שִׂים‎

Hiph`il 2. a. appal, accusative of person, with ‎עַל‎ at, Jer 49:20; Jer 50:45; Ezek 32:10.
b. inwardly transitive, ‎וָאֵשֵׁב‎ ‎׳‎‎מִשׁ‎ Ezek 3:15 shewing horror, Job 21:5 (Bu Niph`al ‎הִשַּׁמוּ‎). Hoph`al Infinitive construct ‎כָּליְֿמֵי הָשַּׁמָּה‎ (that is ‎הָאָרֶץ‎) Lev 26:34 (H) all the days of (its) being desolate, so vLev 26:35; 2Chr 36:21 Aramaizing, ‎בָּהְשַׁמָּה‎ (Ges<sup>«GKC:67y»§ 67y</sup>) Lev 26:43. Hithpo`el Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יִשְׁתּוֺמֵם‎ Ps 143:4, etc.; —

1. be appalled, astounded, ‎כִּי‎ that, because, Isa 59:16; Isa 63:5 ‎עַל‎ of thing Dan 8:27 ‎׳‎‎עבּתוֺכִי יִשְׁתּ‎ Ps 143:4 (compare 1 plural ‎נשתומם‎ ).

2. cause oneself desolation, ruin, Eccl 7:16.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References