(KJV) 2 Kings 231

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Josiah Renews the Covenant[ 2 Chronicles 34:29–33 ]

[1] And the king2 sent, and they gathered unto him all the elders of Judah and of Jerusalem. [2] And the king went up into the house of the Lord, and all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him, and the priests, and the prophets, and all the people, both small and great3: and he read4 in their ears all the words of the book5 of the covenant which was found in the house of the Lord.

[3] [¶]And the king stood6 by a pillar, and made a covenant7 before the Lord, to walk8 after the Lord, and to keep his commandments9 and his testimonies and his statutes with all [their] heart10 and all11 [their] soul, to perform the words of this covenant that were written in this book. And all the people stood to the covenant.

Josiah Destroys Idolatry[ 1 Kings 13:1–10 2 Chronicles 34:3–7 ]

[4] And the king commanded Hilkiah the high priest, and the priests of the second order12, and the keepers13 of the door, to bring14 forth out of the temple of the Lord all the vessels that were made for Baal15, and for the grove, and for all the host of heaven: and he burned them without Jerusalem in the fields of Kidron16, and carried the ashes of them unto Beth–el17. [5] And he put down18 the idolatrous priests19, whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the high places in the cities of Judah, and in the places round about Jerusalem; them also that burned incense unto Baal, to the sun, and to the moon, and to the planets20, and to all the host21 of heaven. [6] And he brought out the grove22 from the house of the Lord, without Jerusalem, unto the brook Kidron, and burned23 it at the brook Kidron, and stamped [it] small to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon the graves24 of the children25 of the people. [7] And he brake down the houses of the sodomites26, that [were] by the house of the Lord, where27 the women wove hangings28 for the grove. [8] And he brought all the priests out of the cities of Judah, and defiled the high places where the priests had burned incense, from29 Geba30 to Beer–sheba31, and brake down the high places of the gates that [were] in the entering in of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which [were] on a man’s left hand at the gate of the city. [9] Nevertheless the priests32 of the high places came not up to the altar of the Lord in Jerusalem, but they did33 eat of the unleavened bread among their brethren. [10] And he defiled Topheth34, which [is] in the valley35 of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make36 his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech. [11] And he took away the horses that the kings of Judah had given to the sun37, at the entering in of the house of the Lord38, by the chamber of Nathan–melech the chamberlain39, which [was] in the suburbs, and burned the chariots of the sun with fire. [12] And the altars that [were] on the top40 of the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh41 had made in the two courts of the house of the Lord, did the king beat down, and brake [them] down from thence42, and cast43 the dust of them into the brook Kidron. [13] And the high places that [were] before Jerusalem, which [were] on the right hand of the mount of corruption44, which Solomon45 the king of Israel had builded for Ashtoreth46 the abomination of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh47 the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom48 the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile. [14] And he brake49 in pieces the images50, and cut down the groves, and filled their places with the bones of men51.

[15] [¶]Moreover the altar52 that [was] at Beth–el, [and] the high place which Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, had made, both that altar and the high place he brake down, and burned the high place, [and] stamped53 [it] small to powder, and burned the grove. [16] And as Josiah turned himself, he spied the sepulchres that [were] there in the mount, and sent, and took the bones out of the sepulchres, and burned54 [them] upon the altar, and polluted it, according to the word of the Lord which the man of God proclaimed, who proclaimed55 these words. [17] Then he said, What title [is] that that I see? And the men of the city told him, [It is] the sepulchre56 of the man of God, which came from Judah, and proclaimed these things that thou hast done against the altar of Beth–el. [18] And he said, Let him alone57; let no man move his bones. So they let his bones alone, with the bones of the prophet58 that came out of Samaria. [19] And all the houses59 also of the high places that [were] in the cities60 of Samaria, which the kings61 of Israel had made to provoke [the Lord62] to anger, Josiah took away, and did to them according to all the acts that he had done in Beth–el. [20] And he slew63 all the priests of the high places that [were] there upon the altars, and burned64 men’s bones upon them, and returned to Jerusalem.

Josiah Restores the Passover[ 2 Chronicles 35:1–19 ]

[21] [¶]And the king commanded all the people, saying, Keep65 the passover unto the Lord your God, as [it is] written66 in the book of this covenant. [22] Surely67 there was not holden such a passover from the days of the judges that judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings68 of Israel, nor of the kings of Judah; [23] But in the eighteenth year of king Josiah, [wherein] this passover was holden to the Lord in Jerusalem.

[24] [¶]Moreover69 the [workers70 with] familiar spirits, and the wizards, and the images71, and the idols, and all the abominations that were spied in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, did Josiah put away, that he might72 perform the words of the law which were written in the book73 that Hilkiah the priest found in the house of the Lord. [25] And like unto him74 was there no king before him, that turned75 to the Lord with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his might, according76 to all the law of Moses; neither after him arose there [any] like him.77

[26] [¶]Notwithstanding78 the Lord turned not from the fierceness of his great wrath, wherewith his anger was kindled against Judah, because of all the provocations79 that Manasseh had provoked him withal. [27] And the Lord said, I will remove80 Judah also out of my sight81, as I have removed Israel, and will cast off this city Jerusalem which I have chosen, and the house of which I said, My name82 shall be there.

The Death of Josiah[ 2 Chronicles 35:20–24 ]

[28] Now the rest83 of the acts of Josiah, and all that he did, [are] they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?

[29] [¶]In his days Pharaoh–nechoh84 king of Egypt went up against the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates85: and king Josiah went86 against him; and he slew him87 at Megiddo88, when he had seen him89.90 [30] And his servants91 carried him in a chariot dead from Megiddo, and brought him to Jerusalem, and buried him in his own sepulchre. And the people92 of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and anointed him, and made him king in his father’s stead.

Jehoahaz Succeeds Josiah[ 2 Chronicles 36:1–4 ]

[31] Jehoahaz93 [was] twenty and three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. And his mother’s name [was] Hamutal94, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah. [32] And he did [that which was] evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all that his fathers had done.95 [33] And Pharaoh–nechoh put him96 in bands at Riblah97 in the land of Hamath98, that he might not reign99 in Jerusalem; and put100 the land to a tribute of an hundred talents of silver, and a talent of gold. [34] And Pharaoh–nechoh made Eliakim101 the son102 of Josiah king in the room of Josiah his father, and turned103 his name to Jehoiakim104, and took Jehoahaz away: and he came105 to Egypt, and died there. [35] And Jehoiakim gave the silver106 and the gold to Pharaoh; but he taxed107 the land to give the money according to the commandment of Pharaoh: he exacted the silver and the gold of the people of the land, of every one according to his taxation, to give [it] unto Pharaoh–nechoh.

Jehoiakim Reigns in Judah[ 2 Chronicles 36:5–8 ]

[36] [¶]Jehoiakim108 [was] twenty and five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother’s name [was] Zebudah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah109.110 [37] And he did111 [that which was] evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all that112 his fathers had done.

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  1. 2Kgs 23:1, Josiah causes the book to be read in a solemn assembly; 2Kgs 23:3, He renews the covenant of the Lord; 2Kgs 23:4, He destroys idolatry; 2Kgs 23:15, He burns dead men’s bones upon the altar of Beth–el, as was fore-prophesied; 2Kgs 23:21, He keeps a most solemn passover; 2Kgs 23:24, He puts away witches and all abomination; 2Kgs 23:26, God’s final wrath against Judah; 2Kgs 23:29, Josiah, provoking Pharaoh–nechoh, is slain at Megiddo; 2Kgs 23:31, Jehoahaz, succeeding him, is imprisoned by Pharaoh–nechoh, who makes Jehoiakim king; 2Kgs 23:36, Jehoiakim’s wicked reign. 

  2. Deut 31:28; 2Sam 6:1; 2Chr 29:20, 2Chr 30:2, 2Chr 34:29, 2Chr 34:30-33 

  3. Heb. from small even unto great, Gen 19:11; 1Sam 5:9, 1Sam 30:2; 2Chr 15:13; Esth 1:5; Job 3:19; Ps 115:13; Acts 26:22; Rev 20:12 

  4. Deut 31:10-13; 2Chr 17:9; Neh 8:1-8, Neh 9:3, Neh 13:1 

  5. 2Kgs 22:8; Deut 31:26; 1Kgs 8:9 

  6. 2Kgs 11:14, 2Kgs 11:17; 2Chr 23:13, 2Chr 34:31-32 

  7. Exod 24:7-8; Deut 5:1-3, Deut 29:1, Deut 29:10-15; Josh 24:25; 2Chr 15:12-14, 2Chr 23:16; 2Chr 29:10; Ezra 10:3; Neh 9:38, Neh 10:28-39; Jer 50:5; Heb 8:8-13, Heb 12:24; Heb 13:20 

  8. Deut 8:19 

  9. Deut 4:45, Deut 5:1, Deut 6:1; Ps 19:7-9 

  10. Deut 6:5, Deut 10:12, Deut 11:13; Matt 22:36-37 

  11. Exod 24:3; Josh 24:24; 2Chr 34:32-33; Eccl 8:2; Jer 4:2 

  12. These were either such as occasionally supplied the high priests's office, or those of the second course or order established by David. See the references. 1Chr 24:4-19; Matt 26:3, Matt 27:1 

  13. 2Kgs 22:4; 1Chr 26:1-19 

  14. 2Kgs 21:3, 2Kgs 21:7; 2Chr 33:3, 2Chr 33:7, 2Chr 34:3-4 

  15. 2Kgs 17:16; Judg 2:13; 1Kgs 16:31, 1Kgs 18:19, 1Kgs 18:26, 1Kgs 18:40, 1Kgs 19:18; Isa 27:9; Jer 7:9 

  16. 2Sam 15:23; John 18:1, Cedron 

  17. 1Kgs 12:29; Hos 4:15; Amos 4:4 

  18. Heb. caused to cease 

  19. Heb. Chemarim. Hos 10:5 *marg. "Foretold. Zeph 1:4-5." 

  20. or, twelve signs, or constellations, So the Vulgate duodecim signa, "the twelve signs," i.e., the zodiac; which is the most probable meaning of the word mazzaloth, from the Arabic manzeel, a caravanserai, house, or dwelling, as being the apparent dwellings of the sun in his annual course; and the Targumists and Rabbins often employ the words tereysar mazzalaya, to denote the signs of the zodiac. 

  21. 2Kgs 21:3-4; Jer 8:1-2, Jer 44:17-19 

  22. Or rather, Asherah, or Astarte. 2Kgs 21:7; Judg 3:7; 1Kgs 14:23, 1Kgs 16:33; Jer 17:2 

  23. Exod 32:20; Deut 7:25, Deut 9:21 

  24. 2Kgs 10:27; 2Chr 34:4 

  25. Probably the common people. 

  26. Gen 19:4-5; 1Kgs 14:24, 1Kgs 15:12, 1Kgs 22:46; 2Chr 34:33; Rom 1:26-27 

  27. Exod 35:25-26; Ezek 8:14, Ezek 16:16; Hos 2:13 

  28. Heb. houses 

  29. etc. The northern and southern borders of Judah. 

  30. Josh 21:17; 1Kgs 15:22; 1Chr 6:60; Isa 10:29; Zech 14:10 

  31. Gen 21:31, Gen 26:23; Judg 20:1; 1Kgs 19:3 

  32. Ezek 44:10-14; Mal 2:8-9 

  33. 1Sam 2:36; Ezek 44:29-31 

  34. Isa 30:33; Jer 7:31-32, Jer 19:6, Jer 19:11-13, Tophet 

  35. Josh 15:8; 2Chr 28:3, 2Chr 33:6; Jer 19:2, Jer 32:35; Matt 5:22 *Gr. 

  36. 2Kgs 16:3, 2Kgs 17:17, 2Kgs 21:6; Lev 18:21; Deut 18:10; Jer 32:35; Ezek 16:21, Ezek 20:26, Ezek 20:31; Ezek 23:37-39 

  37. 2Kgs 23:5; 2Chr 14:5, 2Chr 34:4; Ezek 8:16 

  38. Throughout the East, the horse because of his swiftness and utility, was dedicated to the sun; and the Greeks and Romans feigned that the chariot of the sun was drawn by four horses, Pyrous, Eous, Aithon, and Phlegon, and hence also chariots were dedicated to that luminary. Jarchi says, that those who adored the sun had horses, which they mounted every morning, to go out to meet him at his rising. The kings of Judah had imitated these idolatrous customs, and kept the horses of the sun even at the entrance of the temple of the Lord! 

  39. or, eunuch, or officer 

  40. Deut 22:8; Jer 19:13; Zeph 1:5 

  41. 2Kgs 21:5, 2Kgs 21:21-22; 2Chr 33:5, 2Chr 33:15 

  42. or, ran from thence 

  43. 2Kgs 23:6 

  44. that is, the mount of Olives, Houbigant, deriving the Hebrew mashchith from mashach, "to anoint," reads "the Mount of Olives." Jarchi, following the Chaldee, also says this was the Mount of Olives; for this is the mount hammishchah, of unction, but because of the idolatrous purposes for which it was used, the Scripture changed the appellation to the mount of hammashchith, corruption. 

  45. 1Kgs 11:7; Neh 13:26 

  46. Judg 2:13, Judg 10:6; 1Sam 7:4, 1Sam 12:10; 1Kgs 11:5, 1Kgs 11:33 

  47. Num 21:29; Judg 11:24; Jer 48:7, Jer 48:13, Jer 48:16 

  48. Zeph 1:5, Malcham 

  49. Exod 23:24; Num 33:52; Deut 7:5, Deut 7:25-26; 2Chr 34:3-4; Mic 1:7 

  50. Heb. statues 

  51. 2Kgs 23:16; Num 19:16, Num 19:18; Jer 8:1-2; Ezek 39:12-16; Matt 23:27-28 

  52. 2Kgs 10:31; 1Kgs 12:28-33, 1Kgs 14:16, 1Kgs 15:30, 1Kgs 21:22 

  53. 2Kgs 23:6 

  54. 1Kgs 13:1-2, 1Kgs 13:32; Matt 24:35; John 10:35 

  55. The Septuagint and Hexaplar Syriac at Paris insert, "when Jeroboam stood by the altar at the feast. And turning about, he cast his eyes on the sepulchre of the man of God" - 

  56. 1Kgs 13:1, 1Kgs 13:30-31 

  57. Heb. to escape 

  58. 1Kgs 13:1-22, 1Kgs 13:31 

  59. 2Kgs 17:9; 1Kgs 12:31, 1Kgs 13:32 

  60. 2Chr 30:6-11, 2Chr 31:1, 2Chr 34:6-7 

  61. 2Kgs 8:18; 1Kgs 16:33; Mic 6:16 

  62. 2Kgs 17:16-18, 2Kgs 21:6; Ps 78:58; Jer 7:18-19; Ezek 8:17-18 

  63. or, he sacrificed, 2Kgs 10:25, 2Kgs 11:18; Exod 22:20; Deut 13:5; 1Kgs 13:2, 1Kgs 18:40; Isa 34:6; Zech 13:2-3 

  64. 2Chr 34:5 

  65. 2Chr 35:1-19 

  66. Exod 12:3-20; Lev 23:5-8; Num 9:2-5, Num 28:16-25; Deut 16:1-8 

  67. 2Chr 35:18-19 

  68. 2Chr 30:1-3, 2Chr 30:13-20, 2Chr 35:3-17 

  69. "His eighteenth year ending." 

  70. 2Kgs 21:3, 2Kgs 21:6; 1Sam 28:3-7; Isa 8:19, Isa 19:3; Acts 16:16-18; Rev 22:15 

  71. or, teraphim, Gen 31:19; Judg 17:5, Judg 18:17-18; Hos 3:4 

  72. Lev 19:31, Lev 20:27; Deut 18:10-12; Isa 8:20; Rom 3:20; Jas 1:25 

  73. 2Kgs 22:8-13; 2Chr 34:14-19 

  74. 2Kgs 18:5 

  75. 2Kgs 23:3; Deut 4:29, Deut 6:5; 1Kgs 2:4, 1Kgs 8:48, 1Kgs 15:5; Jer 29:13 

  76. Neh 10:29; Mal 4:4; John 1:17, John 7:19 

  77. am 3363-3394, bc 641-610 

  78. 2Kgs 21:11-13, 2Kgs 22:16-17, 2Kgs 24:2, 2Kgs 24:4; 2Chr 36:16; Jer 3:7-10, Jer 15:1-4 

  79. Heb. angers 

  80. 2Kgs 17:18, 2Kgs 17:20, 2Kgs 18:11, 2Kgs 21:13, 2Kgs 24:3, 2Kgs 25:11; Deut 29:27-28; Ezek 23:32-35 

  81. Ps 51:11; Jer 31:37, Jer 33:24; Lam 2:7 

  82. 2Kgs 21:4, 2Kgs 21:7; 1Kgs 8:29, 1Kgs 9:3 

  83. 2Kgs 20:20 

  84. Pharaoh–nechoh, called Νεκως, Necos, the son of Psammiticus, by Herodotus, was now was now marching "to make war upon the Medes and Babylonians, who had dissolved the Assyrian empire," the king of the latter being the famous Nabopollasar, who had also become king of Assyria. 2Kgs 23:33-34, 2Kgs 23:35; 2Chr 35:20-24; Jer 46:2 

  85. 2Kgs 24:7; 2Chr 35:20; Jer 46:2 

  86. 2Chr 35:20-23 

  87. 2Kgs 22:20; Eccl 8:14, Eccl 9:1-2; Isa 57:1-2; Rom 11:33 

  88. Megiddo, called Μαγδολον, Magdolum, by Herodotus, was situated in the tribe of Manasseh, west of Jordan, in the valley of Jezreel, and not far fron Hadad-Rimmon, or Maximianopolis. This shews that Josiah reigned over the country formerly possessed by the ten tribes; and it is also probable, that Nechoh had landed his troops at or near Cesarea of Palestine. 2Kgs 9:27; Josh 17:11; Judg 1:27, Judg 5:19; 1Kgs 4:12; Zech 12:11, Megiddon, Rev 16:16, Armageddon 

  89. 2Kgs 14:8, 2Kgs 14:11 

  90. am 3394, bc 610 

  91. 2Kgs 9:28; 1Kgs 22:33-38; 2Chr 35:24 

  92. 2Kgs 14:21, 2Kgs 21:24; 2Chr 36:1, 2Chr 36:2-4 

  93. 1Chr 3:15; Jer 22:11, Shallum 

  94. 2Kgs 24:18 

  95. 2Kgs 21:2-7, 2Kgs 21:21-22 

  96. 2Chr 36:3-4; Ezek 19:3-4 

  97. Theodoret (in Jer 46:1-28), expressly affirms that Riblah or Reblatha was in his time called Emesa. Κωμη δε εστιν η Ρεβλαθα της νυν καλουμενης Εμεσης. Emesa was a city of Syria, situated on the Orontes, and, according to the Antonine Itinerary, 18 miles from Laodicea ad Libanum. It is now called Homs, or Hems, about eight hours, or twenty-four miles se of Hamah or Hamath, in the road to Damascus. The present town only occupies about one quarter of the space contained within the ancient walls, which apparently date from the time of the Saracens. Here is nothing remarkable, except a Roman sepulchre, and a large castle in ruins. 2Kgs 25:6; Num 34:11; Jer 39:5-6, Jer 52:9-10, Jer 52:26-27 

  98. Num 13:21; 1Kgs 8:65 

  99. or, because he reigned 

  100. etc. Heb. set a mulct upon the land. 2Kgs 18:14; Exod 21:22; 2Chr 36:3; Prov 19:19 

  101. Josh 18:18; 2Chr 36:3-4 

  102. 1Chr 3:15 

  103. 2Kgs 24:17; Gen 41:45; Dan 1:7 

  104. "Called Jakim, Matt 1:11." 

  105. Jer 22:11-12; Ezek 19:3-4 

  106. 2Kgs 23:33 

  107. 2Kgs 15:19-20 

  108. 1Chr 3:15; 2Chr 36:5; Jer 1:3 

  109. Josephus here reads Abuma; but he also speaks of Ruma, a village of Galilee. 

  110. am 3394-3405, bc 610-599 

  111. Jer 22:13-17, Jer 26:20-23, Jer 36:23-26, Jer 36:31; Ezek 19:5-9 

  112. 2Chr 28:22-25, 2Chr 33:4-10, 2Chr 33:22-23