(KJV) Judges 201
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⥃The Decree of the Assembly
[1] Then all2 the children of Israel went out, and the congregation was gathered together as one man3, from Dan4 even to Beer–sheba, with the5 land of Gilead, unto the6 Lord in Mizpeh7. [2] And the chief of all the people, [even] of all the tribes of Israel, presented themselves in the assembly of the people of God, four hundred thousand footmen that drew sword8. [3] (Now the children of Benjamin9 heard that the children of Israel were gone up to Mizpeh.) Then said the children of Israel, Tell [us], how was10 this wickedness? [4] And the Levite11, the husband of the woman that was slain, answered and said, I came12 into Gibeah that [belongeth] to Benjamin, I and my concubine, to lodge. [5] And the men13 of Gibeah rose against me, and beset14 the house round about upon me by night, [and] thought to have slain me: and my concubine15 have they forced16, that she is dead. [6] And I took my concubine, and cut her17 in pieces, and sent her throughout all the country of the inheritance of Israel: for they have committed lewdness and folly in Israel18. [7] Behold, ye [are] all19 children of Israel; give here20 your advice and counsel.
[8] [¶]And all the people arose as one man21, saying, We will not22 any [of us] go to his tent, neither will we any [of us] turn into his house. [9] But now this [shall be] the thing which we will do to Gibeah; [we will go up] by lot against it23; [10] And we will take ten men of an hundred throughout all the tribes of Israel, and an hundred of a thousand, and a thousand out of ten thousand24, to fetch victual for the people, that they may do, when they come to Gibeah of Benjamin, according to all the folly that they have wrought in Israel. [11] So all the men of Israel were gathered against the city, knit together as one man.
[12] And the tribes of Israel sent men25 through all the tribe of Benjamin, saying, What wickedness [is] this that is done among you? [13] Now therefore deliver26 [us] the men, the children of Belial27, which [are] in Gibeah, that we may put them to death, and put away28 evil from Israel. But the children of Benjamin would not29 hearken to the voice of their brethren the children of Israel: [14] But the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together out of the cities unto Gibeah, to go out to battle against the children of Israel.30 [15] And the children of Benjamin were numbered at that time out of the cities twenty31 and six thousand men that drew sword, beside the inhabitants of Gibeah, which were numbered seven hundred chosen men. [16] Among all this people [there were] seven hundred chosen men lefthanded32; every one could sling stones33 at an hair [breadth], and not miss. [17] And the men of Israel, beside Benjamin, were numbered four hundred34 thousand men that drew sword: all these [were] men of war.
⥃Civil War against Benjamin
[18] And the children of Israel arose, and went up to the house of35 God, and asked36 counsel of God, and said, Which of us shall go up first to the battle against the children of Benjamin? And the Lord said, Judah37 [shall go up] first. [19] And the children of Israel rose up38 in the morning, and encamped against Gibeah. [20] And the men of Israel went out to battle against Benjamin; and the men of Israel put themselves in array to fight against them at Gibeah. [21] And the children39 of Benjamin came forth out of Gibeah, and destroyed40 down to the ground of the Israelites that day twenty and two thousand men. [22] And the people the men of Israel encouraged41 themselves, and set their battle again in array in the place where they put themselves in array the first day. [23] (And the children of Israel went up and wept42 before the Lord until even, and asked counsel of the Lord, saying, Shall I go up again to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother? And the43 Lord said, Go up against him.) [24] And the children of Israel came near against the children of Benjamin the second day. [25] And Benjamin went forth against them out of Gibeah the second day, and destroyed44 down to the ground of the children of Israel again eighteen thousand men; all these drew the sword.
[26] Then all the children45 of Israel, and all the people, went up, and came unto the house of God, and wept46, and sat there before the Lord, and fasted that day until even, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before the Lord. [27] And the children of Israel enquired47 of the Lord, (for the ark48 of the covenant of God [was] there in those days, [28] And Phinehas49, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron, stood50 before it in those days,) saying, Shall I yet51 again go out to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother, or shall I cease? And the Lord said, Go up52; for to morrow I will deliver them into thine hand. [29] And Israel53 set liers54 in wait round about Gibeah. [30] And the children of Israel went up against the children of Benjamin on the third day, and put themselves in array against Gibeah, as at other times. [31] And the children of Benjamin went out against the people, [and] were drawn55 away from the city; and they began to smite of the people, [and] kill, as at56 other times, in the highways, of which one goeth up to the house of God57, and the other to Gibeah in the field, about thirty58 men of Israel. [32] And the children of Benjamin said, They [are] smitten down before us, as at the first. But the children of Israel said, Let us flee59, and draw them from the city unto the highways. [33] And all the men of Israel rose up60 out of their place, and put themselves61 in array at Baal–tamar: and the liers in wait of Israel came forth out of their places, [even] out of the meadows of Gibeah. [34] And there came against Gibeah ten thousand62 chosen men out of all Israel, and the battle was sore: but they knew not63 that evil [was] near them. [35] And the Lord smote Benjamin before Israel: and the children of Israel destroyed of the Benjamites that day twenty64 and five thousand and an hundred men: all these drew the sword. [36] So the children of Benjamin saw that they were smitten: for the men65 of Israel gave place to the Benjamites, because they trusted unto the liers in wait which they had set beside Gibeah. [37] And the liers in wait hasted66, and rushed upon Gibeah; and the liers in wait drew [themselves] along67, and smote all the city with the edge of the sword. [38] Now there68 was an appointed sign69 between the men of Israel and70 the liers in wait, that they should make a great flame71 with smoke rise up out of the city. [39] And when72 the men of Israel retired in the battle, Benjamin began to smite [and] kill73 of the men of Israel about thirty persons: for they said, Surely they are smitten down before us, as [in] the first battle. [40] But when the flame began to arise up out of the city with a pillar74 of smoke, the Benjamites looked75 behind them, and, behold, the flame76 of the city ascended up to heaven. [41] And when the men of Israel turned again, the men of Benjamin were amazed77: for they saw that evil was come upon them78. [42] Therefore they turned [their backs] before the men of Israel unto the way of the wilderness; but the battle79 overtook them; and them which [came] out of the cities they destroyed in the midst of them. [43] [Thus] they inclosed80 the Benjamites round about, [and] chased them, [and] trode them down with ease81 over against82 Gibeah toward the sunrising. [44] And there fell of Benjamin eighteen thousand men; all these [were] men of valour. [45] And they turned and fled toward the wilderness unto the rock of Rimmon83: and they gleaned of them in the highways five thousand men; and pursued hard after them unto Gidom, and slew two thousand men of them. [46] So that all which fell that day of Benjamin were twenty84 and five thousand men that drew the sword; all these [were] men of valour. [47] But six hundred85 men turned and fled to the wilderness unto the rock Rimmon, and abode in the rock Rimmon four months. [48] And the men of Israel turned again upon the children of Benjamin, and smote them86 with the edge of the sword, as well the men of [every] city, as the beast, and all that came to hand87: also they set on fire all the cities that they came to88.
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Judg 20:1, The Levite in a general assembly declares his wrong; Judg 20:8, The decree of the assembly; Judg 20:12, The Benjamites, being cited, make head against the Israelites; Judg 20:18, The Israelites in two battles lose forty thousand; Judg 20:26, They destroy by a stratagem all the Benjamites, except six hundred. ↩
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Judg 20:2, Judg 20:8, Judg 20:11, Judg 21:5; Deut 13:12-18; Josh 22:12 ↩
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Judg 18:29; 1Sam 3:20; 2Sam 3:10, 2Sam 24:2; 1Chr 21:2; 2Chr 30:5 ↩
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Judg 10:17, Judg 11:11; Josh 15:38, Josh 18:26; 1Sam 7:5-6, 1Sam 10:17; 2Kgs 25:23; It does not appear that the Israelites on this occasion, were summoned by the authority of any one common head, but they came together by the consent and agreement, as it were, of one common heart, fired with a holy zeal for the honour of God and Israel. The place of their meeting was Mizpeh; they gathered together unto the Lord there; for Mizpeh was so very near to Shiloh, that their encampment might very well be supposed to reach from Mizpeh to Shiloh. Shiloh was a small town, and therefore, when there was a general meeting of the people to present themselves before God, they chose Mizpeh for their head quarters, which was the next adjoining city of note; perhaps, because they were not willing to give that trouble to Shiloh, which so great an assembly would occasion; it being the residence of the priests that attended the tabernacle. ↩
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Heb. the man the Levite ↩
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Heb. humbled, Deut 22:24; Ezek 22:10-11 ↩
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Judg 20:10, Judg 19:23; Gen 34:7; Josh 7:15; 2Sam 13:12-13 ↩
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Exod 19:5-6; Deut 4:6, Deut 14:1-2; 1Cor 5:1, 1Cor 5:6, 1Cor 5:10-12 ↩
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Josh 14:2; 1Sam 14:41-42; 1Chr 24:5; Neh 11:1; Prov 16:33; Jonah 1:7; Acts 1:26 ↩
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Deut 13:14, Deut 20:10; Josh 22:13-16; Matt 18:15-18; Rom 12:18 ↩
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Judg 19:22; Deut 13:13; 1Sam 30:22; 2Sam 20:1, 2Sam 23:6; 1Kgs 21:13; 2Chr 13:7 ↩
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Deut 17:7, Deut 17:12, Deut 19:19, Deut 21:21, Deut 22:21, Deut 22:24, Deut 24:7; Eccl 11:10 ↩
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1Sam 2:25; 2Chr 25:16, 2Chr 25:20; Prov 29:1; Hos 9:9, Hos 10:9; Rom 1:32; Rev 18:4-5; The conduct of the Israelites was very equitable in this demand; but perhaps the rulers or elders of Gibeah ought previously to have been applied to, to deliver up the criminals to justice. However, the refusal of the Benjamites, and their protection of those who had committed this horrible wickedness, because they were of their own tribe, prove them to have been deeply corrupted, and (all their advantages considered) as ripe for divine vengeance as the inhabitants of Sodom and Gomorrah had been. Confiding in their own valour and military skill, they seen to have first prepared for battle in this unequal contest with such superior numbers. ↩
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Itter yad yemeeno, "obstructed in his right hand;" so the Chaldee Targum, gemid beedaih deyammeena, contracted or impeded in his right hand." Lev. Clerc observes, that the 700 men left-handed seem therefore to have been made slingers, because they could not use the right hand, which is employed in managing heavier arms; and they could discharge the stones from the sling in a direction against which their opponents were not upon their guard, and thus do the greater execution. Judg 3:15; 1Chr 12:2 ↩
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The sling was a very ancient warlike instrument; and, in the hands of those who were skilled in the use of it, produced astonishing effects. The inhabitants of the islands of Baleares, now Majorca and Minorca, were the most celebrated slingers of antiquity. They did not permit their children to break their fast, till they had struck down the bread they had to eat from the top of a pole, or some distant eminence. Vegetius tells us, that slingers could in general hit the mark at 600 feet distance. 1Sam 17:40, 1Sam 17:49-50, 1Sam 25:29; 2Chr 26:14 ↩
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Judg 20:2; Num 1:46, Num 26:51; 1Sam 11:8, 1Sam 15:4; 1Chr 21:5; 2Chr 17:14-18 ↩
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Judg 20:7, Judg 20:23, Judg 20:26-27, Judg 1:1; Num 27:5, Num 27:21; Josh 9:14 ↩
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Deut 23:9; 2Chr 28:10; Ps 33:16, Ps 73:18-19, Ps 77:19; Eccl 9:1-3; Jer 12:1 ↩
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It seems most evident that the Israelites did not seek the protection of God. When they "went to the house of God," (Judg 20:18), it was not to enquire concerning the expediency of the war, nor of its success, but which of the tribes should begin the attack, and here the question is, "Shall I go up again to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother?" Having so much right on their side, they had no doubt of the justice of their cause, and the propriety of their conduct; and having such a superiority of numbers, they had no doubt of success. But God humbled them, and delivered them into the hands of their enemies; and shewed them that the race was not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong. ↩
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Judg 20:21; Gen 18:25; Job 9:12-13; Ps 97:2; Rom 2:5, Rom 3:5, Rom 11:33 ↩
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1Sam 7:6; 2Chr 20:3; Ezra 8:21, Ezra 9:4-5; Joel 1:14, Joel 2:12-18; Jonah 3:5-10 ↩
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Josh 18:1; 1Sam 4:3-4; Ps 78:60-61; Jer 7:12; The loss of two battles at length brought this stiff-necked people to enquire of the Lord; for all the company at this time met at Shiloh, and kept a day of fasting and prayer with great earnestness and solemnity. "Behold, the Lord's hand is not shortened, that it cannot save; neither his ear heavy, that it cannot hear." Isa 59:1 ↩
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It is evident, from this mention of Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, that these transactions must have taken place not long after the death of Joshua. Num 25:7-13; Josh 22:13, Josh 22:30-32, Josh 24:33 ↩
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Josh 7:7; 1Sam 14:37, 1Sam 23:4-12, 1Sam 30:8; 2Sam 5:19-24, 2Sam 6:3, 2Sam 6:7-12; Prov 3:5-6; Jer 10:23 ↩
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Though God had promised them success, they knew they could expect it only by the use of proper means. Hence they used all prudent precaution, and employed all their military skill. ↩
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Heb. smite of the people wounded as at, etc ↩
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or, Beth–el, Gibeah. Judg 19:13-14; Isa 10:29 ↩
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This was done, not only because they had placed an ambuscade behind Gibeah, which was to enter and burn the city as soon as the Benjamites left it; but it would seem, that the slingers, by being within the city and its fortifications, had great advantage over the Israelites by their slings, when they could not come among them with their swords, unless they got them in the plain country. Josh 8:15-16 ↩
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There appear to have been three divisions of the Israelitish army. One at Baal–tamar (which was situated, says Eusebius, near Gibeah); a second behind the city in ambush; and a third, who skirmished with the Benjamites before Gibeah. ↩
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Josh 8:14; Job 21:13; Prov 4:19, Prov 29:6; Eccl 8:11-12, Eccl 9:12; Isa 3:10-11; Isa 47:11; Matt 24:44; Luke 21:34, Luke 21:34; 1Thess 5:3 ↩
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Judg 20:15, Judg 20:44-46; Job 20:5; Though the numbers of the Israelites were immensely superior to those of Benjamin, though the stratagem was well laid and ingeniously executed, and the battle bravely fought, yet the inspired historian ascribes the victory to the hand of the Lord, as entirely as if he had smitten the Benjamites by a miracle. ↩
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or, made a long sound with the trumpets, Exod 19:13; Josh 6:5 ↩
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From this verse to the end of the chapter, we have the details of the same operations which are mentioned, in a general way, in the preceding verses of this chapter. ↩
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Heb. with ↩
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Heb. elevation ↩
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Heb. smite the wounded ↩
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Heb. whole consumption ↩
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Exod 15:9-10; Isa 13:8-9, Isa 33:14; Luke 17:27-28, Luke 21:26; 1Thess 5:3; 2Pet 2:12; Rev 6:15-17, Rev 18:8-10 ↩
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Heb. touched them ↩
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or, from Menuchah, etc ↩
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Heb. unto over against ↩
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Judg 21:13; Ps 103:9-10; Isa 1:9; Jer 14:7; Lam 3:32; Hab 3:2, rock of Rimmon, The rock Rimmon was doubtless a strong place; but it is uncertain where situated. It is probable however, that it was near, and took its name from, the village of Remmon, mentioned by Eusebius, fifteen miles north from Jerusalem. It appears that rocks are still resorted to in the East, as places of security; and some of them are even capable of sustaining a siege. Deut. Lam. Roque says, that "The Grand Seignior, wishing to seize the person of the emir (Fakreddin, prince of the Druses), gave orders to the pacha to take him prisoner. He accordingly came in search of him, with a new army, in the district of Chouf, which is part of mount Lebanon, wherein is the village of Gesin, and close to it, the rock which served for a retreat to the emir. It is named in Arabic, Magara Gesin, i.e., the cavern of Gessin, by which name it is famous. The pacha pressed the emir so closely, that this unfortunate prince was obliged to shut himself up in the cleft of a great rock, with a small number of his officers. The pacha besieged him there several months; and was going to blow up the rock by a mine, when the emir capitulated." ↩
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Heb. was found ↩
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Heb. were found ↩