Lexical Definition

‎הָפַךְ‎ hâphak (haw-fak') to overturn ^H:V
a primitive root

[idiom] become, change, come, be converted, give, make (a bed), overthrow (-turn), perverse, retire, tumble, turn (again, aside, back, to the contrary, every way).

• to turn about or over
• by implication, to change, overturn, return, pervert

1) to turn, overthrow, overturn
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to overturn, overthrow
1a2) to turn, turn about, turn over, turn around
1a3) to change, transform
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to turn oneself, turn, turn back
1b2) to change oneself
1b3) to be perverse
1b4) to be turned, be turned over, be changed, be turned against
1b5) to be reversed
1b6) to be overturned, be overthrown
1b7) to be upturned
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to transform oneself
1c2) to turn this way and that, turn every way
1d) (Hophal) to turn on someone

See Greek: ἀλλάσσω · ἀναστρέφω · ἀποστρέφω · διαστρέφω · ἐκστρέφω · ἐκτρέπω · ἐπανίσταμαι · ἐπιβαίνω · ἐπιστρέφω · ἡγέομαι · καταστρέφω · κυλιόω · μεταβάλλω · μεταστρέφω · στρέφω

Brown-Driver-Briggs

‎הָפַךְ‎ verb turn, overturn (Late Hebrew id., Aramaic ‎הֲפַךְ‎, , Arabic W^{SG 47}, Assyrian abâku, apâku Dl^W) —

Qal Perfect Lev 13:3 + 13 t.; ‎וְהָפַךְ‎ consecutive 2Kgs 21:13; Job 34:25 3 masculine plural ‎הָֽפְכוּ‎ Ps 78:9 ‎הֲפַכְתֶּם‎ Amos 6:12; Jer 23:36, etc.; Imperfect ‎יַהֲפֹךְ‎ Lam 3:3; Jer 13:23 ‎וַיַּהֲפֹךְ‎ Gen 19:25 + 6 t.; ‎וַיַּהֲפָךְֿ‎ 1Sam 10:9 suffix ‎וַיַּהַפְכֵהוּ‎ Judg 7:13 3 feminine singular ‎וַתַּהֲפֹךְ‎ 2Chr 9:12 ‎אֶהְפֹּךְ‎ Zeph 3:9 ‎וַיַּהַפְכוּ‎ 1Sam 25:12; Job 12:15 Imperative ‎הֲפֹךְ‎ 1Kgs 22:34 = 2Chr 18:33 Infinitive absolute ‎הָפוֺךְ‎ Prov 12:7 construct ‎הֲפֹךְ‎ Gen 19:29; 1Chr 19:3 suffix ‎הָפְכִּי‎ Gen 19:21 ‎הָפְכָהּ‎ 2Sam 10:3 — on ‎הַפְכְּכֶם‎ (so Baer, q. v.) Isa 29:16, see ‎הֶפֶךְ‎; Participle active ‎הֹפֵךְ‎ Amos 5:8 ‎הַהֹפְכִי‎ Ps 114:8 plural ‎הַהֹפְכִים‎ Amos 5:7 passive ‎הֲפוּכָה‎ Hos 7:8; Lam 4:6. —

1. transitive
a. turn, turn about, turn over, with accusative: e.g. turn the back (‎עֹרֶף‎) Josh 7:8 (JE); a dish (‎צַלַּחַת‎) ‎עַלפָּֿנֶיהָ‎ 2Kgs 21:13 the hand, & so the horses of a chariot 1Kgs 22:34 = 2Chr 18:33; 2Kgs 9:23 but also (followed by ‎בְּ‎) of hostility Lam 3:3 turn a cake (passive) Hos 7:8 of ‎׳‎‎י‎, ‎שָׂפָה בְּרוּרָה‎ ‎׳‎‎ה‎ Zeph 3:9 i.e. restore speech of a pure kind, followed by ‎אֶלעַֿמִּים‎; ‎לֵב אַחֵר‎ 1Sam 10:9 another heart, followed by ‎לוֺ‎; turn a wind (‎רוּחַ‎; i.e. bring from different quarter) Exod 10:19 (J).
b. overturn, overthrow, followed by accusative Sodom, etc., Gen 19:21; Gen 19:25; Gen 19:29 (J), Deut 29:22*; Jer 20:16; Lam 4:6 (compare ‎׳‎‎מַהְפֵּכַת וגו‎ Amos 4:11 see below; also ‎הֲפֵכָה‎, [‎מַהְפֵּכָה‎]); city of Ammon 2Sam 10:3 = 1Chr 19:3 (object omitted); mountains Job 9:5; Job 28:9 throne Hag 2:22 (|| ‎הִשְׁמִיד‎), chariots vHag 2:22 tent (‎אֹהֶל‎), ‎לְמַ֫עְלָה‎ ‎׳‎‎ה‎ Judg 7:3 object earth (‎׳‎‎ה‎ = devastate) Job 12:15 wicked men Amos 4:11 (‎יֲמֹרָה הָפַכְּתִּי בָּכֶם כְּמַהְפֵּכַת אֱלֹהִים אֶתסְֿדֹם וְאֶתֿ‎) Prov 12:7; Job 34:25 (object omitted).
c. turn = change, transform (1) followed by accusative = alter; a colour (‎עֵינוֺ‎) Lev 13:55 (P); skin Jer 13:33 bed (‎מִשְׁכָּבוֺ‎ see ‎׳‎‎מ‎; Che his lying down) Ps 41:4* i.e. restore to health; (2) pervert ‎דִבְרֵי אֱלֹהִים‎ Jer 23:36 (3) followed by accusative with Infinitive Ps 105:25 he turned their heart to hate his people; (4) turn to, into, followed by two accusative Lev 13:10; Ps 114:8 rock into pool of water; usually followed by accusative + ‎לְ‎, Ps 66:6 sea into dry land, Ps 78:44 rivers into blood, compare Ps 105:29; Jer 31:13 mourning into joy, so Ps 30:12*; Amos 5:7 justice into wormwood, compare Amos 6:12; Amos 8:10 feasts into mourning; Deut 23:6* = Neh 13:2 curse into blessing; Amos 5:8 death-shade into morning.

2. intransitive
a. turn, turn back, Judg 20:39; Judg 20:41; 2Kgs 5:26; Ps 78:9; 2Chr 9:12 followed by ‎לדרך‎ 1Sam 25:12
b. turn = change, change into, followed by predicate adjective ‎לָבָן‎ ‎׳‎‎ה‎ turn white Lev 13:3; Lev 13:4; Lev 13:13; Lev 13:20 (all P). Niph`al Perfect ‎נֶהְפַּךְ‎ Exod 7:15 + 10 t.; ‎נֶהְפָּ֑ךְ‎ Job 20:14 ‎וְנֶהְפַּךְ‎ consecutive Lev 13:16 ‎נֶהֶפְכָה‎ Lam 5:2 3 masculine plural ‎נֶהְפְּכוּ‎ Job 19:19 + 3 t., ‎נֶהֶפְכוּ‎ 1Sam 4:19; Dan 10:16, ‎וְנֶהֶפְכוּ‎ consecutive Exod 7:17; Isa 34:9, etc.; Imperfect ‎יֵהָפֵךְ‎ Isa 60:5; Joel 3:4* ‎וַיֵּהָפֵךְ‎ Exod 14:5; Isa 63:10 2 masculine singular ‎תֵּהָפֵךְ‎ Job 30:21; Ezek 4:8 ‎וַיֵּהָֽפְכוּ‎ Exod 7:20 Infinitive absolute ‎נַהֲפוֺךְ‎ Esth 9:1 Participle ‎נֶהְפָּךְ‎ Prov 17:20 ‎נֶהְפָּ֑כֶת‎ Jonah 3:4 —

1. reflexive & intrans.
a. turn oneself, turn, turn back (compare Qal 2 a) Josh 8:20 (JE); turn aside Ps 78:57 turn from side to side Ezek 4:8 pains turned upon (‎עַל‎) her 1Sam 4:19 (i.e. came suddenly upon her) compare Dan 10:16 turn against followed by ‎בְּ‎ Job 19:19 turn to (ward), followed by ‎עַל‎, Isa 60:5 (|| ‎בא לְ‎).
b. turn = change (oneself) followed by predicate adjective Lev 13:25 (P); followed by predicate noun (?), vine turns into degenerate plant Jer 2:21 no predicate expressed Job 20:14 (compare v^b); of heart turned in compassion Hos 11:8 (|| ‎נִכְמְרוּ נִחוּמָ֑י‎), in sorrow, distress, Lam 1:20 of heart changed, so as to be favourably disposed toward (followed by ‎אֶל‎) Exod 14:5 (J) = change of mind; followed by ‎לְ‎, of plague spots changing colour Lev 13:16; Lev 13:17 (P); rod changing to serpent Exod 7:15 (P); faces to paleness Jer 30:6 dance to mourning Lam 5:15 comeliness to corruption Dan 10:8 ‎וַיֵּהָפֵךְ לָהֶם לְאוֺיֵב‎ Isa 63:10; Job 30:21.
c. be perverse, only participle used substantive ‎נֶהְפָּךְ בִּלְשׁוֺנוֺ‎ Prov 17:20 he that is perverse with his tongue.

2. passive,
a. be turned, turned over to followed by ‎לְ‎, an inheritance to strangers Lam 5:2.
b. be reversed Esth 9:1.
c. be turned, changed, followed by ‎לְ‎, waters into blood Exod 7:17; Exod 7:20 (E); Saul into another man 1Sam 10:6 streams into pitch Isa 34:9 sun to darkness Joel 3:4* stones to chaff Job 41:20* month changed from sorrow to gladness Esth 9:22 compare Ps 32:4 where complement omitted
d. be overturned, overthrown, of city Nineveh Jonah 3:4.
e. be upturned, of subterran. work of miners Job 28:5 = there is an upturning. Hithpa`el Imperfect 3 feminine singular ‎תִּתְהַפֵּךְ‎ Job 38:14 Participle ‎מִתְהַפֵּךְ‎ Judg 7:13; Job 37:12 ‎מִתְהַפֶּכֶת‎ Gen 3:24 — reflexive & intransitive:

1. turn this way & that, every way, of the flaming sword Gen 3:24 (J); storm-cloud Job 37:12 turn over & over Judg 7:13, of bread-cake tumbling into the host of Midian.

2. transform oneself, Job 38:14 of earth under rising dawn. Hoph`al Perfect ‎הָהְפַּךְ עָלַי בַּלָּהוֺת‎ Job 30:15 there have been turned upon me terrors (compare ‎הִתְגַּלְגָּ֑לוּ‎ vJob 30:14, of foes).

Brown-Driver-Briggs References