(KJV) 2 Samuel 31
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⥃The House of David Strengthened [ 1 Chronicles 3:1–9 ]
[1] Now there was long war2 between3 the house of Saul and the house of David: but David waxed4 stronger and stronger, and the house of Saul waxed weaker and weaker.
[2] [¶]And unto David were sons born5 in Hebron: and his firstborn was Amnon6, of Ahinoam7 the Jezreelitess; [3] And his second, Chileab8, of Abigail9 the wife of Nabal the Carmelite; and the third, Absalom10 the son of Maacah the daughter of Talmai11 king of Geshur12; [4] And the fourth, Adonijah13 the son of Haggith; and the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital; [5] And the sixth, Ithream, by Eglah David’s wife. These were born to David in Hebron.
⥃Abner Joins David
[6] [¶]And it came to pass, while there was war between the house of Saul and the house of David, that Abner14 made himself strong for the house of Saul. [7] And Saul had a concubine, whose name [was] Rizpah15, the daughter of Aiah: and [Ish–bosheth] said to Abner, Wherefore16 hast thou gone in17 unto my father’s concubine? [8] Then was Abner18 very wroth for the words of Ish–bosheth, and said, [Am] I a dog’s head19, which against Judah do shew20 kindness this day unto the house of Saul thy father, to his brethren, and to his friends, and have not delivered thee into the hand of David, that thou chargest me to day with a fault concerning this woman? [9] So do God21 to Abner, and more also, except, as the Lord22 hath sworn to David, even so I do to him; [10] To translate the kingdom from the house of Saul, and to set up the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, from Dan23 even to Beer–sheba. [11] And he could not answer Abner a word again, because24 he feared him.
[12] [¶]And Abner sent messengers to David on his behalf, saying, Whose25 [is] the land? saying [also], Make26 thy league with me, and, behold, my hand27 [shall be] with thee, to bring about all Israel unto thee.
[13] [¶]And he said, Well; I will make a league with thee: but one thing I require of thee, that is28, Thou shalt29 not see my face, except30 thou first bring Michal31 Saul’s daughter, when thou comest to see my face. [14] And David sent messengers to Ish–bosheth32 Saul’s son, saying, Deliver [me] my wife Michal, which I espoused to me for an hundred33 foreskins of the Philistines. [15] And Ish–bosheth sent, and took her from [her] husband, [even] from Phaltiel34 the son of Laish. [16] And her husband went with her along weeping35 behind her to Bahurim36. Then said Abner unto him, Go, return. And he returned.
[17] [¶]And Abner had communication with the elders of Israel, saying, Ye sought for David in times past37 [to be] king over you: [18] Now then do [it]: for the Lord38 hath spoken of David, saying, By the hand39 of my servant David I will save my people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies. [19] And Abner also spake in the ears of Benjamin40: and Abner went also to speak in the ears of David in Hebron all that seemed good to Israel, and that seemed good to the whole house of Benjamin. [20] So Abner came to David41 to Hebron, and twenty men with him. And David made Abner and the men that [were] with him a feast. [21] And Abner said unto David, I will arise and go, and will gather42 all Israel unto my lord the king, that they may make a league with thee, and that thou mayest reign over43 all that thine heart desireth. And David sent Abner away; and he went in peace.
⥃Joab Murders Abner
[22] And, behold, the servants of David and Joab came from [pursuing] a troop, and brought in a great spoil with them: but Abner [was] not with David in Hebron; for he had sent him away, and he was gone in peace. [23] When Joab and all the host that [was] with him were come, they told Joab, saying, Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he hath sent him away, and he is gone in peace. [24] Then Joab came to the king, and said, What hast44 thou done? behold, Abner came unto thee; why [is] it [that] thou hast sent him away, and he is quite gone? [25] Thou knowest Abner the son of Ner, that he came45 to deceive thee, and to know46 thy going out and thy coming in, and to know all that thou doest. [26] And when Joab was come out from David, he sent47 messengers after Abner, which brought him again from the well of Sirah: but David knew [it] not. [27] And when Abner was returned to Hebron, Joab took him48 aside in the gate to speak with him quietly49, and smote50 him there under the fifth [rib], that he died, for the blood51 of Asahel his brother.
[28] [¶]And afterward when David heard [it], he said, I and my kingdom [are] guiltless52 before the Lord for ever from the blood53 of Abner the son of Ner: [29] Let it rest54 on the head of Joab, and on all his father’s house; and let there55 not fail56 from the house of Joab one that hath an issue57, or that is a leper, or that leaneth on a staff, or that falleth on the sword, or that lacketh bread. [30] So Joab and Abishai his brother slew Abner58, because59 he had slain their brother Asahel at Gibeon in the battle.
⥃David Mourns for Abner
[31] [¶]And David60 said to Joab, and to all the people that [were] with him, Rend61 your clothes, and gird you with sackcloth, and mourn before Abner. And king David [himself] followed the bier62. [32] And they buried Abner in Hebron: and the king lifted63 up his voice, and wept at the grave of Abner; and all the people wept. [33] And the king lamented over Abner, and said, Died Abner as a fool dieth64? [34] Thy hands65 [were] not bound, nor thy feet put into fetters: as a man falleth before wicked men66, [so] fellest thou. And all the people wept67 again over him. [35] And when all the people came to cause68 David to eat meat while it was yet day, David sware, saying, So do69 God to me, and more also, if I taste bread, or ought else, till the70 sun be down. [36] And all the people took notice [of it], and it pleas71ed them72: as whatsoever the king did pleased all the people. [37] For all the people and all Israel understood that day that it was not of the king to slay Abner the son of Ner. [38] And the king said unto his servants, Know ye not that there is a prince73 and a great man fallen this day in Israel? [39] And I [am74] this day weak75, though anointed king; and these men the sons76 of Zeruiah [be] too hard77 for me: the Lord78 shall reward the doer of evil according to his wickedness.
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2Sam 3:1, During the war David still waxes stronger; 2Sam 3:2, Six sons are born to him in Hebron; 2Sam 3:6, Abner, displeased with Ish–bosheth, 2Sam 3:7, revolts to David; 2Sam 3:13, David requires as a condition to bring him his wife Michal; 2Sam 3:17, Abner, having communed with the Israelites, is feasted by David, and dismissed; 2Sam 3:22, Joab returning from battle, is displeased with the king, and kills Abner; 2Sam 3:28, David curses Joab; 2Sam 3:31, and mourns for Abner. ↩
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2Sam 2:17; Esth 6:13; Job 8:7, Job 17:9; Ps 84:7; Prov 4:18-19; Dan 2:34-35, Dan 2:44-45; Rev 6:2 ↩
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2Sam 13:20-28, 2Sam 14:24-33, 2Sam 15:1-18, 2Sam 17:1-14, 2Sam 18:9-18, 2Sam 18:33 ↩
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2Sam 2:8-9; 2Kgs 10:23; 2Chr 25:8; Prov 21:30; Isa 8:9-10; Joel 3:9-13; Matt 12:30 ↩
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This action of Abner's seems a most evident proof that he intended to seize on the government; and it was so understood by Ish–bosheth; see parallel texts. ↩
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This was a proverbial expression among the Hebrews to denote whatever was deemed worthless and contemptible. Something similar to this was the answer of the Turkish commander at Beer, on the Euphrates, to a request made to see the castle. "Do they," said he, "take me for a child, or an ass's head, that they would feed me with sweet meats, and dupe me with a bit of cloth? No, they shall not see the castle." 2Sam 9:8, 2Sam 16:9; Deut 23:18; 1Sam 24:14-15; 2Kgs 8:13 ↩
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2Sam 3:9, 2Sam 3:18, 2Sam 5:2; 1Sam 15:28; Ps 2:1-4; Isa 37:23; Acts 9:4-5 ↩
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2Sam 3:35, 2Sam 19:13; Ruth 1:17; 1Sam 3:17, 1Sam 14:44, 1Sam 25:22; 1Kgs 19:2 ↩
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1Sam 15:28, 1Sam 16:1-13, 1Sam 28:17; 1Chr 12:23; Ps 89:3-4, Ps 89:19-20, Ps 89:35-37 ↩
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2Sam 3:21, 2Sam 3:27, 2Sam 5:1-3, 2Sam 19:14, 2Sam 19:41-43, 2Sam 20:1-2; 1Chr 11:1-3, 1Chr 12:38-40; Matt 21:8-10 ↩
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Heb. saying ↩
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As Michal was not divorced, but violently separated from David, he had a legal right to demand her, and was justified in receiving her again. It is probable, also, that her marriage with Phaltiel was a force upon her inclinations; and whatever affections he might have for her, it was highly criminal for him to take another man's wife. David required Michal probably both out of affection for her, and to strengthen his interest, by asserting his affinity with the house of Saul. ↩
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1Sam 25:44, Phalti ↩
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Heb. going and weeping, Prov 9:17-18 ↩
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2Sam 3:9; 1Sam 13:14, 1Sam 15:28, 1Sam 16:1, 1Sam 16:12-13; John 12:42-43 ↩
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Joab and his brother Abishai, David's nephews, had been very faithful and highly useful to him in his distresses; and, from gratitude and natural affection, he had inadvertently permitted them to assume almost as much ascendancy over him as Abner had over the pusillanimous Ish–bosheth. He trusted and feared them too much, and allowed them all the importance they claimed; which had emboldened them, especially Joab, to a high degree of presumption. 2Sam 3:8, 2Sam 3:39, 2Sam 19:5-7; Num 23:11; John 18:35 ↩
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2Sam 3:27; 2Kgs 18:32 *marg. John 7:12, John 7:47; Rom 2:1 ↩
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2Sam 10:3; Gen 42:9, Gen 42:12, Gen 42:16; Num 27:17; Deut 28:6; 1Sam 29:4-6; Ps 121:8; Isa 37:28 ↩
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or, peaceably, Jer 41:2, Jer 41:6-7 ↩
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Joab was afraid that Abner, after rendering such essential service to David, would be made the general of the army; and therefore, under pretence of avenging the death of his brother, he treacherously assassinated the unsuspecting and too-confiding Abner, and such was the power of this cool-blooded and nefarious murderer, that the king dared not bring him to justice for his crime. But, while Joab's conduct cannot be too severely reprobated, the justice of God is apparent in Abner's punishment; who, from ambition, had pertinaciously, against his conscience, opposed the declared will of God; and was induced by base resentment to desert Ish–bosheth, and offer his services to David. See note on 2Sam 3:6, and see note on 2Sam 4:6. ↩
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2Sam 1:16; Judg 9:24, Judg 9:56-57; 1Kgs 2:31-34; Acts 28:4; Rev 16:6 ↩
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Heb. be cut off ↩
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David, intending no doubt to punish Joab, and to lessen his authority with the people, commanded him to take upon him the office of chief mourner; but, as his revenge was gratified, his rival removed, and no heavier punishment inflicted, it is probable his hardened mind would feel but little objection to the ceremony. ↩
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2Sam 1:2, 2Sam 1:11; Gen 37:29, Gen 37:34; Josh 7:6; Judg 11:35; 2Kgs 19:1 ↩
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2Sam 1:12, 2Sam 18:33; 1Sam 30:4; Job 31:28; Prov 24:17; Luke 19:41-42 ↩
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That is, as a bad man, as the word frequently signifies in Scripture. 2Sam 13:12-13, 2Sam 13:28-29; Prov 18:7; Eccl 2:15-16; Jer 17:11; Luke 12:19-20 ↩
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The hand of malefactors were usually secured with cords, and their feet with fetters; a custom to which David affectingly alludes in his lamentation over the dust of Abner. Thy hands, O Abner, were not bound, as found to be a malefactor, nor thy feet put in fetters; thou was treated with honour by him whose business it was to judge thee, and thy attachment to the house of Saul was esteemed rather generous than culpable. As the best of men may fall, so thou fellest by the sword of treachery, not of justice. Judg 16:21; Ps 107:10-11 ↩
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Heb. was good in their eyes ↩
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Exod 21:12; 2Chr 19:6-7; Ps 75:10, Ps 101:8; Prov 20:8, Prov 25:5 ↩
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1Kgs 2:5-6, 1Kgs 2:33-34; Ps 7:16, Ps 28:4, Ps 62:12; 2Tim 4:14 ↩