(KJV) 1 Samuel 191
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⥃Saul Tries to Kill David [ Psalms 59:1–17 ]
[1] And Saul2 spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. [2] But Jonathan Saul’s son delighted3 much in David: and Jonathan4 told David, saying, Saul my father seeketh to kill thee: now therefore, I pray thee, take heed to thyself until the morning, and abide in a secret [place], and hide thyself: [3] And I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where thou [art], and I will commune with my father of thee; and what I see5, that I will tell thee.
[4] [¶]And Jonathan spake good6 of David unto Saul his father, and said unto him, Let not the king sin against7 his servant, against David; because he hath not sinned against thee, and because his works8 [have been] to thee-ward very good: [5] For he did put his life9 in his hand, and slew10 the Philistine, and the Lord wrought11 a great salvation for all Israel: thou sawest [it], and didst rejoice: wherefore then wilt thou sin against innocent12 blood, to slay David without a cause13? [6] And Saul hearkened unto the voice of Jonathan: and Saul sware14, [As] the Lord liveth, he shall not15 be slain. [7] And Jonathan called David, and Jonathan shewed him all those things. And Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence, as in times past16.
[8] And there was war again: and David17 went out, and fought with the Philistines, and slew them with a great slaughter; and they fled from him18. [9] And the evil spirit from the Lord was upon Saul, as he sat in his house with his javelin in his hand: and David played with [his] hand.19 [10] And Saul sought20 to smite David even to the wall with the javelin; but he slipped21 away out of Saul’s presence, and he smote the javelin into the wall: and David fled, and escaped22 that night. [11] Saul also sent messengers23 unto David’s house, to watch him24, and to slay him in the morning: and Michal David’s wife told him, saying, If thou save not thy life to night, to morrow thou shalt be slain.
[12] [¶]So Michal25 let David26 down through a window: and he went, and fled, and escaped. [13] And Michal took an image27, and laid [it] in the bed, and put a pillow28 of goats’ [hair] for his bolster, and covered [it] with a cloth. [14] And when Saul sent messengers to take David, she said29, He [is] sick. [15] And Saul sent the messengers [again] to see David, saying, Bring him30 up to me in the bed, that I may slay him. [16] And when31 the messengers were come in, behold, [there was] an image in the bed, with a pillow of goats’ [hair] for his bolster. [17] And Saul said unto Michal, Why hast32 thou deceived me so, and sent away mine enemy33, that he is escaped? And Michal34 answered Saul, He said35 unto me, Let me go; why should36 I kill thee?
[18] So David fled, and escaped, and came to Samuel37 to Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him. And he and Samuel went and dwelt in Naioth. [19] And it was told Saul, saying, Behold, David [is] at Naioth in Ramah.38 [20] And Saul sent messengers39 to take David: and when they40 saw the company of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing [as] appointed over them, the Spirit of God was upon the messengers of Saul, and they also prophesied. [21] And when it was told Saul, he sent other messengers, and they prophesied likewise. And Saul sent messengers41 again the third time, and they prophesied also42. [22] Then went he also to Ramah, and came to a great well that [is] in Sechu: and he asked and said, Where [are] Samuel and David? And [one] said, Behold, [they be] at Naioth in Ramah. [23] And he went thither to Naioth in Ramah: and the Spirit43 of God was upon him also, and he went on, and prophesied, until he came44 to Naioth in Ramah. [24] And he stripped45 off his clothes also, and prophesied before Samuel in like manner, and lay46 down naked all that day and all that night. Wherefore they say, [Is] Saul47 also among the prophets?
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1Sam 19:1, Jonathan discloses his father’s purpose to kill David; 1Sam 19:4, He persuades his father to reconciliation; 1Sam 19:8, By reason of David’s good success in a new war, Saul’s malicious rage breaks out against him; 1Sam 19:12, Michal deceives her father with an image in David’s bed; 1Sam 19:18, David comes to Samuel in Naioth; 1Sam 19:20, Saul’s messengers sent to take David, 1Sam 19:22, and Saul himself, prophesy. ↩
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Saul's enmity now burst forth, in the avowed purpose of putting David to death; and nothing less than the especial interposition of Providence could have saved David's life, when every officer about the king's person, and every soldier, had positive orders to dispatch him. 1Sam 18:8-9; Prov 27:4; Eccl 9:3; Jer 9:3; 2Tim 3:13 ↩
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1Sam 20:32, 1Sam 22:14; Prov 24:11-12, Prov 31:8-9; Jer 18:20 ↩
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1Sam 2:25; Gen 9:6, Gen 42:22; 2Chr 6:22; 1Cor 8:12; 1John 3:15 ↩
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1Sam 28:21; Judg 9:17, Judg 12:3; Ps 119:109; Acts 20:24; Phil 2:30 ↩
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1Sam 11:13, 1Sam 14:45, 1Sam 17:52-53; Exod 14:13; 1Chr 11:14; Heb 2:3 ↩
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Heb. yesterday, third day, 1Sam 16:21, 1Sam 18:2, 1Sam 18:10, 1Sam 18:13; Gen 31:2; Exod 4:10; 1Chr 11:2; Isa 30:33 *marg. ↩
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Heb. his face ↩
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1Sam 19:6; Hos 6:4; Matt 12:43-45; Luke 11:24-26; 2Pet 2:20-22 ↩
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1Sam 20:33; Job 5:14-15; Ps 18:17, Ps 34:19; Prov 21:30; Isa 54:17; Luke 4:30; John 10:39 ↩
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Ps 59:1 *title Ps 59:3-4, Ps 59:6, Ps 59:15-16 ↩
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Heb. teraphim, Gen 31:19 *marg. Judg 17:5, Judg 18:14, Judg 18:17; Hos 3:4 ↩
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Rather, "the net-work of goat's hair at its (the Teraphim's) pillow;" for the kevir, (whence the Chaldee and Syriac kavreetho, a honey-comb, from its net-like form), seems to have been a kind of mosquito-net, which, says Dr. Shaw, is "a close curtain of gauze, used all over the East, by people of fashion, to keep out the flies." That they had such anciently cannot be doubted. Thus when Judith had beheaded Holofernes in his bed (1Sam 13:9, 1Sam 13:15) "she pulled down the canopy (or the mosquito net, το κωνωπειου, from κωνωψ, a gnat, or mosquito, whence our word canopy) wherein he did lie in his drunkenness, from the pillars." ↩
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The eastern beds consist merely of two thick cotton quilts, one of which, folded double, serves as a mattress, the other as a covering. Such seems to have been the bed of David, which could easily have been carried, with himself in it, to the presence of Saul. 1Sam 19:6; Job 31:31; Ps 37:12; Prov 27:3-4; Rom 3:15 ↩
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It is highly probable that David, when supposed to be sick, was thought to be hid in the harem or chamber of Michal. "The harems," says Deut. Lam. Motraye, "are sanctuaries, as sacred and inviolable, for persons pursed by justice for any crime, debt, etc., as the Roman Catholic churches in Italy, Spain, Portugal, etc." Thus we find, that to effect his purpose, Saul sent messengers to Michal, but they treated her harem with too much respect to enter it at first; but being authorised by Saul, they entered even into her chamber; and during the delay occasioned by respect for the privacy of Michal, David escaped. 1Sam 19:16 ↩
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1Sam 10:5-6, 1Sam 10:10; Num 11:25-26; Joel 2:28; John 7:32, John 7:45, John 7:46-52; 1Cor 14:3, 1Cor 14:24-25 ↩
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1Sam 19:20, 1Sam 10:10; Num 23:5, Num 24:2; Matt 7:22; John 11:51; 1Cor 13:2 ↩