Lexical Definition

‎בְּעַד‎ bᵉʻad (beh-ad') about/through/for ^H:A
from ‎עַד‎ with prepositional prefix

about, at by (means of), for, over, through, up (-on), within.

• in up to or over against
• generally at, beside, among, behind, for, etc.

1) behind, through, round about, on behalf of, away from, about
1a) through (of action)
1b) behind (with verbs of shutting)
1c) about (with verbs of fencing)
1d) on behalf of (metaph. especially with Hithpael)

See Greek: ἐκτός · ἔξωθεν

Brown-Driver-Briggs

‎בַּ֫עַד‎₁₀₅ substantive properly separation, with a genitive, in separation from, in usage a preposition away from, behind, about, on behalf of (Arabic , of time, after) — absolute Song 4:1; Song 4:3; Song 6:7, elsewhere construct ‎בְּעַד‎, with suffix ‎בַּעֲדִי‎ Exod 8:24* +, ‎בַּעֲדֵנִי‎ Ps 139:11 ‎בַּעַדְךָ‎ Gen 20:7 +; ‎בַּעֲדוֺ‎ etc.; 1 plural ‎בַּעֲדֵנוּ‎, Amos 9:10 ‎בַּעֲדֵינוּ‎; ‎בַּעַדְכֶם‎ 1Sam 7:5 +; ‎בַּעֲדָם‎ Lev 9:7 +; —

1. literal
a. with verbs of falling, letting down, leaning forward so as to look out, through (literally away from) a window, etc.: Josh 2:15 and she let him down by a cord ‎בְּעַד הַחַלּוֺן‎ away from the window, i.e. out through it, 1Sam 19:12; 2Sam 20:21; 2Kgs 1:2 and A. fell ‎בְּעַד הַשְּׂבָּכָה‎ out through the lattice; Gen 26:8; Judg 5:28 out through the window ‎נִשְׁקְפָה‎ she looked forth (literally leant forward), 2Sam 6:26 +; pregnantly Job 22:13 will he judge ‎בְּעַד עֲרָפֶל‎ (looking) out through the thick clouds ? Conversely Joel 2:9 in through the windows they come (the locusts) as a thief.
b. idiomatic with verbs of shutting, especially ‎סָגַר בְּעַד‎ to shut behind or upon — whether oneself, Judg 9:51 and they entered the tower ‎וַיִּסְגְּרוּ‎ ‎בַּעֲדָם‎ and shut (the doors) upon themselves (that is, from the inside), 2Kgs 4:4; 2Kgs 4:5; 2Kgs 4:33; Isa 26:20 or another, Gen 7:16 ‎בַּעֲדוֺ‎ ‎׳‎‎וַיִּסְגֹּר י‎ and ‎׳‎‎י‎ shut behind or upon him (that is, from the outside), i.e. shut him in, Judg 3:23 (the suffix in ‎בַּעֲדוֺ‎ referrring to Eglon), 2Kgs 4:21 (but *N.B. persons leaving a room shut the door ‎אַחֲרֵי‎ themselves Gen 19:6; 2Sam 13:17; 2Sam 13:18): see also Judg 3:22; 1Sam 1:6 ‎בְּעַד רַחְמָהּ‎ ‎׳‎‎סָגַּר י‎ (compare Gen 20:18 ‎עָצַר‎ ‎בְּעַד רֶחֶם‎), Job 9:7 ‎חָתַם בְּעַד‎ to seal up, Job 1:10; Job 3:23 ‎שׂוּךְ (הֵסֵךְ) בְּעַד‎ to make a hedge about, Lam 3:7 ‎גָּדַר בְּעַד‎ to fence about. Somewhat peculiarly Lam 9:10 (who say,) Evil will not draw near, or come in front ‎בַּעֲדֵינוּ‎ so as to be about us (but Gr ‎עָדֵינוּ‎ unto us), Joel 2:8 (of the locusts) ‎בְּעַד‎ ‎הַשֶּׁלַח יִפֹּ֑לוּ‎ (probably) in among the weapons they throw themselves (i.e. they pass about and between them without being injured or having their course impeded), 1Sam 4:18 and Eli fell backward ‎בְּעַד יַד הַשַּׁעַר‎, i.e. (si vera 1.) about the side of the gate: but text dubious; see Dr. Without a verb Jonah 2:7* the earth, ‎בְּרִיחֶיהָ בַעֲדִי‎ her bars were upon me (or about me) for ever, Ps 139:11 night shall be the light about me, Ps 3:4* thou ‎מָגֵּן בַּעֲדִי‎ art a shield about me. Hence
c. after a verb of protecting, Zech 12:8 in that day ‎בְּעַד יושׁב‎ ‎׳‎‎יָגֵןי‎ ‎ירושׁלם‎ will ‎׳‎‎י‎ give protection about*, etc.

2. metaph. on behalf of (ὑπέρ); very frequently after ‎הִתְפַּלֵּל‎ Gen 20:7; Num 21:7; 1Sam 7:5; Ps 72:15 +; also with other verbs of entreating Exod 8:24*; 1Sam 7:9, or consulting (‎דָּרַשׁ‎) Isa 8:19; 2Kgs 22:13; Jer 21:2 with ‎כִּפֶּר‎ atone Exod 32:30; Lev 9:7; Lev 11:6; Lev 11:11 +, ‎עָשָׂה‎ (= offer) Ezek 45:22: see also 2Sam 10:12; 2Sam 12:16; Isa 37:4; Jer 7:16; Jer 11:4; Ezek 22:30; Prov 20:16; Prov 27:13; Ps 138:8; Job 2:4 ‎עוֺר בְּעַד עוֺר‎ (see ‎עוֺר‎), Job 6:22. Almost = for the sake of, an account of Prov 6:26; Jer 11:14 (but ᵐ5. ᵑ6 ᵑ9 ᵑ7 and many MSS. ‎בְּעֵת רָעָתָם‎, compare vJer 11:12; Jer 15:11). Isa 32:14 hill and watch-tower ‎הָיָה בְעַד מְעָרוֺת‎ are come to be on behalf of (i.e. take the place of, serve as) caves for ever: but use is singular, and ‎בְּעַד‎ is probably only dittograph from ‎מער‎ in ‎מערות‎ (so Gr). — With ‎מִן‎, ‎׳‎‎מִבַּעַד לְ‎ (compare ‎׳‎‎מִמַּעַל לְ‎, ‎׳‎‎מִתַּחַת לְ‎): Song 4:1; Song 4:3; Song 6:7 thine eyes are doves ‎מִבַּעַד לְצַמָּתֵךְ‎ from behind thy veil. compare on ‎בַּעַד‎ Grätz^{Monatsschrift, 1879, 49 ff}.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References