Lexical Definition

‎אֱדֹם‎ ʼĔdôm (ed-ome') Edom ^N:N--L
or (fully) אֱדוֹם ʼĔdôwm (ed-ome') ; from ‎אָדֹם‎; red (see Genesis 25:25)

Edom, Edomites, Idumea.

• § Edom = "red"
• Edom, the elder twin-brother of Jacob
• hence the region (Idumaea) occupied by him

1) Edom
2) Edomite, Idumean-descendants of Esau
3) land of Edom, Idumea-land south and south east of Palestine

See Greek: ἐρυθρός · πυῤῥός · Ἰδουμαία

Brown-Driver-Briggs

‎אֱדֹם‎ noun [masculine] name of a condiment (Arabic see Anderson in Di; compare Assyrian adumatu ? Dl^W) ‎׳‎‎הָאֱ‎ Gen 25:30 (twice in verse) (J; so read for ‎׳‎‎הָאָ‎ MT; see Di).

‎אֱדוֺם‎ ( ‎אֱדֹם‎ Ezek 25:14)

proper name, masculine 1. Edom (name of a god ? see Sta^{G. 1, 121} RS^{Sem 43}; see n.pr. ‎עבדאדם‎; but Bae^{Rel 10} thinks dialect variant reading of ‎אָדָם‎, ‎בני אדום‎ = ‎בְנֵי אָדָם‎) = Esau, elderson of Isaac Gen 25:30 (J) (where etymology = red, compare vGen 25:25 (E ?) & below ‎אַדְמוֺנִי‎ Gen 36:1; Gen 36:8; Gen 36:19 (P).

2. collective (masculine but feminine Mal 1:4) Edomites, Idumeans as descendants of Esau Gen 36:9; Gen 36:43 (P); also 1Sam 14:47 + 31 t. + 2Sam 8:13 (for ᵑ0 ‎ארם‎; ᵐ5 ᵑ6 see 1Chr 18:12; Ps 60:2*, We Dr); perhaps also vPs 60:12* (ᵐ5 ᵑ6 1Chr 18:11 ᵑ0 ‎ארם‎ but see We Dr); also 2Chr 20:2 (see Berthau); ‎׳‎‎א‎ = king of Edom Num 20:18; Num 20:20; Num 20:21 in poetry ‎׳‎‎בְּנֵי א‎ Ps 137:7 ‎׳‎‎בַּת א‎ Lam 4:21; Lam 4:22

3. land of Edom, Idumaea (f. Ezek 32:29; Ezek 35:15 and Ezek 36:5) south & southeast of Palestine Gen 36:32; Gen 36:43 + 32 t. (including ‎שְׂדֵה‎ ‎׳‎‎א‎ Gen 32:4* ‎׳‎‎אֶרֶץ א‎ Gen 36:16; Gen 36:17; Gen 36:21; Gen 36:31; Num 20:23; Num 21:4; Num 33:37 +); — uncertain weather 2 or 3 are Exod 15:15; Num 20:14; Num 24:18 + 9 t. (chiefly in ‎׳‎‎מֶלֶח א‎ etc.) **See now FBuhl^{Geschichte. d. Edomiter (1893)}.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References

Profile

Edom • In Edom • Descendants of Esau; enemy nation southeast of Israel

Edom, a nation descended from Esau that was often in conflict with Israel.

• A location in Edom first mentioned at Gen.36.40;
• referred to as Edom or Edomite אֱדֹם, or Edomite (=Qere, KJV= Aramean) אֱדֹמִי, or Aramean (=Ketiv) אֲרַמִּי, or Edom (KJV= Syria) אֲרָם.
  

Edom was a nation located southeast of Israel, in the area that is now southern Jordan. The Edomites were descendants of Esau, the twin brother of Israel (or 'Jacob') (Israel). The name Edom means "red", referring to Esau being born red and selling his birthright for red stew.

Edom and Israel had a tumultuous relationship throughout their history. During the Exodus, Edom refused to let the Israelites pass through their territory. Edom was later defeated by King Saul and subjugated under King David. However, they rebelled in later years and were able to establish their independence from Judah.

The prophets Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Amos and Obadiah all prophesied against Edom for its arrogance and for standing by when Judah was invaded by Babylon. Edom helped the Babylonians loot Jerusalem and expressed joy over its destruction. As a result, the prophets declared that Edom would face God's wrath and be completely destroyed.

All entries for Edom or Aramean or Syria: אֱדֹם ☩ אֱדֹמִי ☩ אֲרַמִּי ☩ אֲרָם