(KJV) 1 Kings 31
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⥃Solomon’s Prayer for Wisdom [ 2 Chronicles 1:1–13 † Psalms 45:1–17 † Psalms 72:1–20 ]
[1] And Solomon made affinity2 with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took3 Pharaoh’s daughter, and brought her into the city4 of David, until he had made an end of building his own5 house, and the house6 of the Lord, and the wall7 of Jerusalem round about.8 [2] Only the people9 sacrificed in high places, because there was no10 house built unto the name of the Lord, until those days. [3] And Solomon loved11 the Lord, walking12 in the statutes of David his father: only he13 sacrificed and burnt incense in high places. [4] And the king went to Gibeon14 to sacrifice there; for that [was] the great high place: a thousand15 burnt offerings did Solomon offer upon that altar.
[5] In Gibeon the Lord16 appeared to Solomon in a dream17 by night: and God said, Ask what18 I shall give thee. [6] And Solomon said, Thou hast shewed unto thy servant19 David my father great20 mercy21, according22 as he walked before thee in truth, and in righteousness, and in uprightness of heart with thee; and thou hast kept for him this great kindness, that23 thou hast given him a son to sit on his throne, as [it is] this day. [7] And now, O Lord my God, thou hast24 made thy servant king instead of David my father: and I [am but] a little25 child: I know not [how] to go26 out or come in. [8] And thy servant [is] in the midst of thy people27 which thou hast chosen, a great people, that cannot28 be numbered nor counted for multitude. [9] Give therefore29 thy servant an understanding30 heart to judge31 thy people, that I may discern32 between good and bad: for who is able33 to judge this thy so great a people? [10] And the speech pleased34 the Lord, that Solomon had asked this thing. [11] And God said unto him, Because thou hast asked this thing, and hast not35 asked for thyself long life36; neither hast asked riches for thyself, nor hast asked the life of thine enemies; but hast asked for thyself understanding to discern37 judgment; [12] Behold, I have done38 according to thy words: lo, I have given39 thee a wise and an understanding heart; so that there was none like thee before thee, neither40 after thee shall any arise like unto thee. [13] And I41 have also given thee that which thou hast not asked, both riches42, and honour: so that there shall not be43 any among the kings like unto thee all thy days. [14] And if thou44 wilt walk in my ways, to keep my statutes and my commandments, as thy45 father David did walk, then I will lengthen46 thy days. [15] And Solomon awoke47; and, behold, [it was] a dream. And he came to Jerusalem, and stood before48 the ark of the covenant of the Lord, and offered up burnt offerings, and offered peace offerings49, and made a feast50 to all his servants.
⥃Solomon Judges Wisely
[16] Then came there two women51, [that were] harlots52, unto the king, and stood53 before him. [17] And the one woman said, O my lord54, I and this woman dwell in one house; and I was delivered of a child with her in the house. [18] And it came to pass the third day after that I was delivered, that this woman was delivered also: and we [were] together; [there was] no stranger with us in the house, save we two in the house. [19] And this woman’s child died in the night; because she overlaid it. [20] And she arose at midnight55, and took56 my son from beside me, while thine handmaid slept, and laid it in her bosom, and laid her dead child in my bosom. [21] And when I rose in the morning to give57 my child suck, behold, it was dead: but when I had considered it in the morning, behold, it was not my son, which I did bear. [22] And the other woman said, Nay58; but the living [is] my son, and the dead [is] thy son. And this said, No; but the dead [is] thy son, and the living [is] my son. Thus they spake before the king. [23] Then said the king, The one saith, This [is] my son that liveth, and thy son [is] the dead: and the other saith, Nay; but thy son [is] the dead, and my son [is] the living. [24] And the king said, Bring me a sword. And they brought a sword before the king. [25] And the king said, Divide59 the living child in two, and give half to the one, and half to the other. [26] Then spake the woman whose the living child [was] unto the king, for her bowels60 yearned61 upon her son, and she said, O my lord, give her62 the living child, and in no wise slay it. But the other said, Let it be neither mine nor thine, [but] divide [it]. [27] Then the king answered and said, Give her the living child, and in no wise slay it: she [is] the mother thereof. [28] And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and they feared63 the king: for they saw that the wisdom64 of God [was] in him65, to do66 judgment.
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1Kgs 3:1, Solomon marries Pharaoh’s daughter; 1Kgs 3:2, High places being in use, Solomon sacrifices at Gibeon; 1Kgs 3:5, Solomon at Gibeon, in the choice which God gave him, preferring wisdom, obtains wisdom, riches, and honour; 1Kgs 3:16, Solomon’s judgment makes him renowned. ↩
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1Kgs 6:1-38, 1Kgs 7:13-15; 2Chr. 2:1-4:22; Ezra 5:11 ↩
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am 2990, bc 1014, An, Ex, Is, 477 ↩
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It was not right to offer sacrifices in any place but where the tabernacle and ark were; and wherever they were, whether on a high place or a plain, sacrifices might be lawfully offered, previously to building of the temple. The tabernacle was now at Gibeon (2Chr 1:3), which was therefore called the great high place; whither we find Solomon, without censure, repaired to sacrifice. 1Kgs 22:43; Lev 17:3-6, Lev 26:30; Deut 12:2-5; 2Chr 33:17 ↩
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Deut 6:5, Deut 10:12, Deut 30:6, Deut 30:16, Deut 30:20; 2Sam 12:24-25; Ps 31:23; Matt 22:37; Mark 12:29-30; Rom 8:28; 1Cor 8:3; Jas 1:12, Jas 2:5; 1John 4:19-20, 1John 5:2-3 ↩
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1Kgs 3:6, 1Kgs 3:14, 1Kgs 2:3-4, 1Kgs 11:34, 1Kgs 15:3; 1Chr 28:8-9; 2Chr 17:3-5; John 14:15, John 14:21 ↩
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1Kgs 15:14, 1Kgs 22:43; 2Kgs 12:3, 2Kgs 14:4, 2Kgs 15:4, 2Kgs 15:35, 2Kgs 18:4, 2Kgs 18:22 ↩
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1Kgs 9:2; Josh 9:3, Josh 10:2; 1Chr 16:39, 1Chr 21:29; 2Chr 1:3, 2Chr 1:7-12 ↩
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1Kgs 8:63; 2Chr 1:6, 2Chr 7:5, 2Chr 29:32-35, 2Chr 30:24; Isa 40:16; Mic 6:6-7 ↩
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Gen 28:12-13; Num 12:6; Job 33:14-15; Matt 1:20, Matt 2:13, Matt 2:19 ↩
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2Chr 1:7-12; Matt 7:7-8; Mark 10:36, Mark 10:38-51, Mark 11:24; John 14:13-14, John 15:16; Jas 1:5-6; 1John 5:14-15 ↩
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2Sam 7:8-12, 2Sam 12:7-8, 2Sam 22:47-51; 1Chr 29:12-14; Ps 78:70-72 ↩
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or, bounty, Ps 13:6, Ps 116:7, Ps 119:17; 2Cor 9:5, 2Cor 9:11 ↩
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1Kgs 2:4, 1Kgs 9:4, 1Kgs 15:5; 2Kgs 20:3; Ps 15:2, Ps 18:20-24 ↩
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Num 27:17; Deut 31:2; 1Sam 18:16; 2Sam 5:2; Ps 121:8; John 10:3-4, John 10:9 ↩
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Gen 13:16, Gen 15:5, Gen 22:17; 1Chr 21:2, 1Chr 21:5-6, 1Chr 27:23-24 ↩
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1Chr 22:12, 1Chr 29:19; 2Chr 1:10; Ps 119:34, Ps 119:73, Ps 119:144; Prov 2:3-9, Prov 3:13-18; Prov 16:16; Jas 1:5, Jas 3:17 ↩
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Heb. hearing, Prov 20:12 ↩
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1Kgs 3:28; Ps 72:1-2; Prov 14:8; Eccl 7:11, Eccl 7:19, Eccl 9:15-18; John 5:30 ↩
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2Sam 14:17; Isa 11:2-4; 1Cor 2:14-15; Eph 5:17; Phil 1:10 *Gr: Heb 5:14 ↩
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Exod 3:11-12, Exod 4:10-13; Jer 1:6; Matt 3:11, Matt 3:14; 2Cor 2:16, 2Cor 3:5 ↩
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Heb. many days ↩
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1Kgs 3:28, 1Kgs 2:6, 1Kgs 2:9, 1Kgs 4:29-34, 1Kgs 5:12, 1Kgs 10:3-8, 1Kgs 10:23-24; 2Chr 1:11-12, 2Chr 2:12, 2Chr 9:5-8; Eccl 1:13, Eccl 1:16; Luke 21:15 ↩
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or, hath not been ↩
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1Kgs 2:3-4; 1Chr 22:12-13, 1Chr 28:9; 2Chr 7:17-19; Ps 132:12; Zech 3:7 ↩
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1Kgs 3:3, 1Kgs 9:4-5, 1Kgs 15:5; 2Chr 17:3-4, 2Chr 29:2, 2Chr 34:2; Acts 13:22 ↩
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Deut 5:16, Deut 25:15; Ps 21:4, Ps 91:16; Prov 3:2, Prov 3:16; 1Tim 4:8 ↩
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1Kgs 8:63, 1Kgs 8:65; Lev 3:1-17, Lev 7:11-19; 2Sam 6:18-19; 2Chr 7:5, 2Chr 7:7-10, 2Chr 30:22-26 ↩
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The word zanoth, rendered harlots, is here translated by the Targumist, the best judge in this case, pundekon, "tavern-keepers." See note on Josh 2:1, and see note on Judg 11:1. Had these women been harlots, it is not likely that they would have dared to appear before Solomon; nor is it likely that such persons would have been permitted in the reign of David. Their husbands might at this time have been following their necessary occupations in distant parts. ↩
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This was apparently a very strange decision; but Solomon saw that the only way to discover the real mother was by the affection and tenderness should would necessarily shew to her offspring. The plan was tried, and succeeded; and it was a proof of his sound judgment, penetration, and acquaintance with the human heart, or rather, of his extraordinary and supernatural wisdom. See note on 1Kgs 3:28. The two following instances are in some faint manner to be compared to Solomon's decision, inasmuch as they also work upon the human sympathies. Suetonius, in his Life of the emperor Claudian, tells us, that this emperor discovered a woman to be the real mother of a young man, whom she refused to acknowledge, by commanding her to marry him, the proofs being doubtful on both sides; for, rather than commit incest, she confessed the truth. Diodorus Siculus also informs us, that Ariopharnes, king of Thrace, being appointed to decided between three young men, each of whom professed to be the son of the deceased king of the Cimmerians, and claimed the succession, discovered the real son by ordering each to shoot an arrow into the dead body of the king. Two of them did this without hesitation; but the real son of the deceased monarch refused. Prov 25:8 ↩
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Gen 43:30; Isa 49:15; Jer 31:20; Hos 11:8; Phil 1:8, Phil 2:1; 1John 3:17 ↩
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1Kgs 3:9-12; Ezra 7:25; Eccl 7:19; Dan 2:21, Dan 2:47, Dan 5:11; 1Cor 1:24, 1Cor 1:30; Col 2:3 ↩
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Heb. in the midst of him ↩