Lexical Definition

‎חֹשֶׁךְ‎ chôshek (kho-shek') darkness ^H:N-M
from ‎חָשַׁךְ‎

dark(-ness), night, obscurity.

• the dark
• hence (literally) darkness
• figuratively, misery, destruction, death, ignorance, sorrow, wickedness

1) darkness, obscurity
1a) darkness
1b) secret place

See Greek: γνόφος · νέφος · σκοτεινός · σκότος

Brown-Driver-Briggs

‎ח֫שֶׁךְ‎ noun masculine^{Exod 10:21} darkness, obscurity — absolute ‎חשֶׁךְ‎ Gen 1:2 + 75 t. (+ Ezek 8:12 strike out Co A B etc.); construct id. Exod 10:22 suffix ‎חָשְׁכִּי‎ Ps 18:29* = 2Sam 22:29 —

1. darkness (opposed to ‎אוֺר‎) literal Gen 1:2; Gen 1:4 (P), Isa 45:7; Job 26:10; Eccl 2:13, compare in imprecation Job 3:4; Job 3:5 (‎וצלמות‎ ‎׳‎‎ח‎) = ‎לילה‎ Gen 1:5; Gen 1:18 (P), compare Josh 2:5 (JE), Isa 45:19; Job 17:12; Job 24:16; Job 38:19; Ps 104:20 darkness in mines Job 28:3 of extraordinary darkness, in Egypt Exod 10:21 (twice in verse) (E); ‎אֲֿפֵלָה‎‎׳‎‎ח‎ Exod 10:22 (E), Ps 105:28, from pillar of cloud Exod 14:20 at Mt. Sinai Deut 4:11; Deut 5:20 of clouds of theophany 2Sam 22:12 = Ps 18:12* of darkness in death, or She'ô l, 1Sam 2:9; Job 10:21 (‎וצלמות‎ ‎׳‎‎אֶרֶץ ח‎), Job 17:13; Job 18:18; Ps 88:13*; Prov 20:20 (‎׳‎‎אִישׁוֺן ח‎ = extreme of darkness).

2. = secret place(s) Isa 45:3; Job 12:22 (|| ‎צלמות‎); = hiding-place Job 34:22 (|| id.), compare Ps 139:11; Ps 139:12 — on Ezek 8:12, see above

3. figurative,
a. = distress Isa 5:30; Isa 9:1*; Isa 29:18 (figurative of blindness), Isa 42:7; Isa 49:9; Isa 58:10; Isa 59:9; Isa 60:2; Lam 3:2; Mic 7:8; Ps 18:29* = 2Sam 22:29; Job 15:22; Job 15:23; Job 15:30; Job 20:26; Job 22:11; Job 23:17; Job 29:3; Ps 107:10; Ps 107:14 (in both || ‎צלמות‎), Ps 112:4; Eccl 5:16*; Eccl 11:8.
b. = dread, terror, symbolic of judgment Amos 5:18; Amos 5:20; Zeph 1:15; Nah 1:8; Ezek 32:8; Joel 2:4; Joel 3:4*.
c. = mourning Isa 47:5.
d. = perplexity Job 5:14; Job 12:25; Job 19:8 confusion Ps 35:6.
e. = ignorance Job 37:19; Eccl 2:14. feminine = evil, sin Isa 5:20 (twice in verse); Prov 2:13.
g. = obscurity Eccl 6:4 (twice in verse).

‎חשׁך‎ (see Biblical Hebrew ‎חֹשֶׁךְ‎ darkness, √ ‎חשׁך‎).

Brown-Driver-Briggs References