(KJV) Judges 181

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The Danites Settle in Laish

[1] In those days [there was] no king2 in Israel: and in those days the tribe3 of the Danites sought them an inheritance to dwell in; for unto4 that day [all their] inheritance had not fallen unto them among the tribes of Israel. [2] And the children of Dan sent of their family five men5 from their coasts, men of valour, from Zorah6, and from Eshtaol, to spy7 out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land: who when they came to mount8 Ephraim, to the house of Micah, they lodged there. [3] When they [were] by the house of Micah, they knew9 the voice of the young man the Levite: and they turned in thither, and said unto him, Who brought thee hither? and what makest thou in this [place]? and what hast10 thou here? [4] And he said unto them, Thus and thus dealeth Micah with me, and hath hired me11, and I am his priest. [5] And they said unto him, Ask counsel12, we pray thee, of God13, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous. [6] And the priest said unto them, Go in peace14: before15 the Lord16 [is] your way wherein ye go.

[7] Then the five men departed, and came to Laish17, and saw the people that [were] therein, how they18 dwelt careless, after the manner of the Zidonians, quiet and secure; and [there was] no magistrate19 in the land, that might put [them] to shame in [any] thing; and they [were] far from the Zidonians, and had no20 business with [any] man. [8] And they came unto their brethren to Zorah and Eshtaol21: and their brethren said unto them, What [say] ye? [9] And they said, Arise22, that we may go up against them: for we have seen the land, and, behold, it [is] very good: and [are] ye still23? be not24 slothful to go, [and] to enter to possess the land. [10] When ye go, ye shall come unto a people secure25, and to a large land: for God hath26 given it into your hands; a place where [there27 is] no want of any thing that [is] in the earth.

[11] [¶]And there went from thence of the family of the Danites, out of Zorah and out of Eshtaol, six hundred men appointed28 with weapons of war. [12] And they went up, and pitched in Kirjath–jearim29, in Judah: wherefore they called that place Mahaneh–dan30 unto this day: behold, [it is] behind Kirjath–jearim. [13] And they passed thence unto mount Ephraim31, and came unto the house of Micah.

The Danites Take Micah’s Idols

[14] Then32 answered the five men that went to spy out the country of Laish, and said unto their brethren, Do ye know that there is in these33 houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a graven image, and a molten image? now therefore34 consider what ye have to do. [15] And they turned thitherward, and came to the house of the young man the Levite, [even] unto the house of Micah, and saluted him35. [16] And the six hundred36 men appointed with their weapons of war, which [were] of the children of Dan, stood by the entering of the gate. [17] And the five men37 that went to spy out the land went up, [and] came in thither, [and] took the graven38 image, and the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image: and the priest stood in the entering of the gate with the six hundred men [that were] appointed with weapons of war. [18] And these went into Micah’s house, and fetched the carved image, the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image. Then said the priest unto them, What do ye? [19] And they said unto him, Hold thy peace, lay thine39 hand upon thy mouth, and go with us, and be to us a father40 and a priest: [is it] better for thee to be a priest unto the house of one man, or that thou be a priest unto a tribe and a family in Israel? [20] And the priest’s heart41 was glad, and he took the ephod, and the teraphim, and the graven image, and went42 in the midst of the people. [21] So they turned and departed, and put43 the little ones and the cattle and the carriage44 before them.

[22] [¶][And] when they were a good way from the house of Micah, the men that [were] in the houses near to Micah’s house were gathered together, and overtook the children of Dan. [23] And they cried unto the children of Dan. And they turned their faces, and said unto Micah, What aileth45 thee, that thou comest46 with such a company? [24] And he said, Ye have taken away my gods which I made, and the priest, and ye are gone away: and what have47 I more? and what [is] this [that] ye say unto me, What aileth thee? [25] And the children of Dan said unto him, Let not thy voice be heard among us, lest angry48 fellows run upon thee, and thou lose thy life, with the lives of thy household. [26] And the children of Dan went their way: and when Micah saw that they [were] too strong for him, he turned and went back unto his house. [27] And they took [the things] which Micah had made, and the priest which he had, and came unto Laish49, unto a people [that were] at quiet and secure: and they smote50 them with the edge of the sword, and burnt51 the city with fire. [28] And [there52 was] no deliverer, because it [was] far from53 Zidon, and they had no business with [any] man; and it was in the valley that [lieth] by Beth–rehob54. And they built a city, and dwelt therein. [29] And they called the name of the city Dan55, after the name of Dan their father, who was56 born unto Israel: howbeit the name of the city [was] Laish at the first.

[30] [¶]And the children of Dan set up57 the graven image: and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh, he and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan until58 the day of the captivity of the land59. [31] And they set them up Micah’s graven image, which he made, all the time60 that the house of God was in Shiloh.

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  1. Judg 18:1, The Danites send five men to seek out an inheritance; Judg 18:3, At the house of Micah they consult with Jonathan, and are encouraged on their way; Judg 18:7, They search Laish, and bring back news of good hope; Judg 18:11, Six hundred men are sent to surprise it; Judg 18:14, In their way they rob Micah of his priest and his consecrated things; Judg 18:27, They win Laish, and call it Dan; Judg 18:30, They set up idolatry, wherein Jonathan inherits the priesthood. 

  2. The word mailech, which generally means a king, is sometimes taken for a supreme ruler, governor, or judge (see note on Gen 36:31, and see note on Deut 33:5); and it is probable it should be so understood here, and in the parallel passages. Judg 17:6, Judg 19:1, Judg 21:25 

  3. Josh 19:40-48 

  4. Judg 1:34 

  5. Heb. sons 

  6. Judg 18:8, Judg 18:11, Judg 13:2, Judg 13:25, Judg 16:31; Gen 42:9; Josh 19:41 

  7. Num 13:17; Josh 2:1; Prov 20:18; Luke 14:31 

  8. Judg 17:1, Judg 19:1, Judg 19:18; Josh 17:15-18 

  9. They knew by his dialect or mode of pronunciation, that he was not an Ephraimite (see the parallel texts). Judg 12:6; Gen 27:22; Matt 26:73 

  10. Isa 22:16 

  11. Judg 17:10; Prov 28:21; Isa 56:11; Ezek 13:19; Hos 4:8-9; Mal 1:10; John 10:12-13; Acts 8:18-21, Acts 20:33; 1Tim 3:3; Titus 1:11; 2Pet 2:3, 2Pet 2:14-15 

  12. 1Kgs 22:5; 2Kgs 16:15; Isa 30:1; Ezek 21:21; Hos 4:12; Acts 8:10 

  13. Judg 18:14, Judg 17:5, Judg 17:13 

  14. 1Kgs 22:6, 1Kgs 22:12, 1Kgs 22:15; Jer 23:21-22, Jer 23:32 

  15. Deut 11:12; Ps 33:18; 1Thess 3:11 

  16. As the Levite uses the word Jehovah, and as the Danites succeeded according to the oracle delivered by him, some learned men are of opinion, that the worship established by Micah was not of an idolatrous kind. 

  17. Josh 19:47, called Leshem 

  18. Judg 18:27-28; Rev 18:7 

  19. Heb. possessor, or, heir of restraint, 1Sam 3:13; 1Kgs 1:6; Rom 13:3; 1Pet 2:14 

  20. In the most correct copies of the LXX this clause stands thus; και λογος ουκ ην αυτοις μετα Συριας; "and they had no transactions with Syria;" evidently reading instead of ΰγν ( ‎אָדָם‎ ), adam, man, ΰψν ( ‎אֲרָם‎ ), aram, Syria; words so nearly similar that the only difference between them is in the ψ, raish, and γ, daleth, which in both manuscripts and printed books is sometimes indiscernible. Laish was situated on the frontiers of Syria. 

  21. Judg 18:2, Judg 18:11, Judg 13:2, Judg 16:31 

  22. Num 13:30, Num 14:7-9; Josh 2:23-24 

  23. 1Kgs 22:23 

  24. Josh 18:3; 1Sam 4:9; 2Sam 10:12; John 6:27; Heb 6:11-12; 2Pet 1:10-11 

  25. Judg 18:7, Judg 18:27 

  26. Deut 2:29, Deut 4:1; Josh 6:16 

  27. Exod 3:8; Deut 8:7-9, Deut 11:11-12; Ezek 20:6; 1Tim 6:17 

  28. Heb. girded, Judg 18:11 

  29. A city of Judah, on the confines of Benjamin; distant nine miles from Alia or Jerusalem, in going towards Diospolis or Lydda, according to Eusebius. Josh 15:60; 1Sam 7:1; 1Chr 13:5-6; 2Chr 1:4 

  30. Judg 13:25 *marg. 

  31. Judg 18:2-3, Judg 17:1, Judg 19:1; Josh 24:30, Josh 24:33 

  32. 1Sam 14:28 

  33. Judg 18:3-4, Judg 17:5 

  34. Prov 19:27; Isa 8:19-20 

  35. Heb. asked him of peace, Gen 37:14, Gen 43:27; 1Sam 17:22 *marg. 2Kgs 4:26; Matt 10:12-13; Luke 10:4-6; John 14:27 

  36. Judg 18:11 

  37. Judg 18:2, Judg 18:14 

  38. Judg 6:31, Judg 17:4-5; Exod 32:20; 1Sam 4:11, 1Sam 6:2-9; 2Kgs 19:18-19; Isa 46:1-2, Isa 46:7 

  39. This was the token of silence. These men were evidently very ignorant; and absurdly concluded that they should, by taking Micah's gods, secure the presence and favour of the God of Israel, in their expedition and settlement. They perhaps supposed the piety of their motives, and the goodness of their end, would justify the means. But it was a base robbery of Micah, aggravated by the Levite's ingratitude, and their menaces. Job 21:5, Job 29:9, Job 40:4-5; Prov 30:32; Mic 7:16 

  40. Judg 17:10; 2Kgs 6:21, 2Kgs 8:8-9, 2Kgs 13:14; Matt 23:9 

  41. Judg 17:10; Prov 30:15; Isa 56:11; Ezek 13:19; Hos 4:3; Acts 20:33; Phil 3:19; 2Pet 2:3, 2Pet 2:15-16 

  42. He was glad of his preferment among the Danites; and went into the crowd, that he might not be discovered by Micah or his family. 

  43. These men were so confident of success, that they removed their whole families, household goods, cattle, and all. 

  44. Kevoodah, from kavad, to be heavy, denotes the luggage or baggage. Judg 18:21 

  45. Gen 21:17; 1Sam 11:5; 2Sam 14:5; 2Kgs 6:28; Ps 114:5; Isa 22:1 

  46. Heb. art gathered together 

  47. Judg 17:13; Ps 115:8; Isa 44:18-20; Jer 50:38, Jer 51:17; Ezek 23:5; Hab 2:18-19; Acts 19:26; Rev 17:2 

  48. Heb. bitter of soul, 1Sam 30:6; 2Sam 17:8; Job 3:5, Job 27:2 *marg. 

  49. Judg 18:7, Judg 18:10 

  50. Deut 33:22; Josh 19:47 

  51. Josh 11:11 

  52. 2Sam 14:6 *marg. Ps 7:2, Ps 50:22; Dan 3:15-17 

  53. Probably the people of Laish were originally a colony of the Zidonians; who being an opulent people, and in possession of a strong city, lived in a state of security, not being afraid of their neighbours. In this the Leshemites imitated them, though they appear not to have had the same reason for their confidence; and though they might naturally expect help from their countrymen, yet as they lived at a considerable distance from Sidon, the Danites saw they could strike the blow before the news of the invasion could reach that city. Judg 18:1, Judg 18:7; Josh 11:8; Isa 23:4, Isa 23:12 

  54. Num 13:21, Rehob, 2Sam 10:6 

  55. Judg 20:1; Gen 14:14; Josh 19:47; 2Sam 17:11; 1Kgs 12:29-30, 1Kgs 15:20 

  56. Gen 30:6, Gen 32:28; Laish, or Dan, was situated at the northern extremity of the land of Canaan, in a beautiful and fertile plain, at the foot of mount Lebanon, on the springs of Jordan, and, according to Eusebius, four miles from Cesarea Philippi, or Paneas, now Banias (with which some have confounded it), towards Tyre. Burckhardt says, that the source of the river El Dhan, or Jordan, is at an hour's distance from Banias, which agrees with Eusebius. 

  57. Exod 20:4; Lev 26:1; Deut 17:2-7, Deut 27:15, Deut 31:16, Deut 31:29; Josh 19:40-48; Ps 78:58-61; God had graciously performed his promise, in putting these Danites in possession of that which fell to their lot, obliging them thereby to be faithful to him who had been so to them; they inherited the labour of the people, that they might observe his statues. Ps 105:44-45. But the first thing they do after they are settled is to break his laws, by setting up the graven image, attributing their success to that idol, which, if God had not been infinitely patient, would have been their ruin. Thus a prosperous idolater goes on to offend, imputing this his power unto his God. Instead of Manasseh, some would read Moses; as it is found in some manuscripts, in the Vulgate and in the concessions of the most intelligent Jews. But Bp. Patrick takes this to be an idle conceit of the Rabbins, and supposes this Jonathan to be of some other family of the Levites. Yet Kimchi acknowledges, that the Jews, deeply concerned for the honour of their lawgiver, to whom they thought it would be a great dishonour to have a grandson who was an idolater, suspended the letter, π, noon, over the word ξωΡ ( ‎מֹשֶׁה‎ ), ( ‎מֹשֶׁה‎ ), Moses, thus ξπωΡδ ( ‎מְנַשֶּׁה‎ ), as it is found in the Hebrew Bibles; which, by means of the points, they have changed into Manasseh. 

  58. Judg 13:1; 1Sam 4:2-3, 1Sam 4:10-11; Ps 78:60-62 

  59. Houbigant contends, that, instead of haaretz, "the land," we should read haaron, "the ark;" for the ε, wav, and ο, noon final, might easily be mistaken for υ, tzadday final; which is the only difference between the two words. This conjecture is the more likely, as the next verse tells us, that Micah's graven image continued at Dan "all the time that the house of God was at Shiloh;" which was till the ark was taken by the Philistines. 

  60. Judg 19:18, Judg 21:21; Josh 18:1; 1Sam 1:3, 1Sam 4:4; Jer 7:12