Lexical Definition

‎עָנָה‎ ʻânâh (aw-naw') be occupied ^H:V
a primitive root (possibly rather identical with ‎עָנָה‎ through the idea of looking down or browbeating)

abase self, afflict(-ion, self), answer (by mistake for ‎עָנָה‎), chasten self, deal hardly with, defile, exercise, force, gentleness, humble (self), hurt, ravish, sing (by mistake for ‎עָנָה‎), speak (by mistake for ‎עָנָה‎), submit self, weaken, [idiom] in any wise.

• to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various applications, as follows)

1) (Qal) to be occupied, be busied with
2) to afflict, oppress, humble, be afflicted, be bowed down
2a) (Qal)
2a1) to be put down, become low
2a2) to be depressed, be downcast
2a3) to be afflicted
2a4) to stoop
2b) (Niphal)
2b1) to humble oneself, bow down
2b2) to be afflicted, be humbled
2c) (Piel)
2c1) to humble, mishandle, afflict
2c2) to humble, be humiliated
2c3) to afflict
2d4) to humble, weaken oneself
2d) (Pual)
2d1) to be afflicted
2d2) to be humbled
2e) (Hiphil) to afflict
2f) (Hithpael)
2f1) to humble oneself
2f2) to be afflicted

Extended Information

• Aramaic equivalent: a.nah (‎ע‎ֲ‎נ‎ָ‎י‎ "to afflict" עֲנָה)

Brown-Driver-Briggs

Aramaic form: עָנָו
II. [‎עָנָה‎] verb be occupied, busied with (‎ב‎), only Ecclesiastes (perhaps Aramaic loan-word; Syriac be occupied with, occupation, affair; compare Arabic , concern one, also be occupied by; Eccl 42:8 margin); —

Qal Infinitive ‎עֲנוֺתִ‎ Eccl 1:13; Eccl 3:10.

III. [‎עָנָה‎] verb be bowed down, afflicted ( Late Hebrew id.; MI Pi`el ‎ויענו‎ Ps 1:5, ‎אענו‎ Ps 1:6 Assyrian enû thwart, frustrate, do violence to; Arabic , be lowly subsmissive, see Rahlfs<sup>‎עָנִי‎ und ‎עָנָי‎ in d. Psalmen (1892), 67 ff.</sup>; ᵑ7 ‎עַנִּי‎ Pa`el oppress; Syriac Ethpe`el humble oneself, and derivatives); — Qal Perfect 1 singular ‎עָנִיתִי‎ Ps 116:10 Imperfect 3 masculine singular ‎יַעֲנֶה‎ Isa 25:5; Isa 31:4, etc.; —

1. be put down or become low, of song of triumph Isa 25:5 (others as Hiph`il he putteth down, || ‎תַּכְנִיעַ‎).

2. be depressed, downcast Isa 31:4 (of lion; || ‎יֵחָ֑ת‎).

3. be afficted Ps 116:10; Ps 119:67; Zech 10:2. Niph`al Perfect 1 singular ‎נַעֲניתִי‎ Ps 119:107 Infinitive construct ‎לֵעָנֹת‎ (perhaps read as Qal Ges^{«GKC:51»§ 51} l) Exod 10:3 Participle ‎נַעֲנֶה‎ Isa 53:7 feminine singular ‎נַעֲנָה‎ Isa 58:10 —

1. humble oneself ‎מִפְּנֵי‎ Exod 10:3.

2. be afficted Ps 119:107; Isa 53:7; Isa 58:10. Piel. Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎עִנָּה‎ Deut 22:24 + 5 t.; 2 masculine singular ‎עִנִּיתָ‎ Ps 88:8* 1 singular ‎עִנֵּיתִי‎ Ps 35:13, suffix ‎וְעִנִּתִךְ‎ consecutive Nah 1:12, etc.; Imperfect ‎יְעַנֶּה‎ Job 37:23, etc.; Imperative ‎עַנּוּ‎ Judg 19:24 Infinitive absolute ‎עַנֵּה‎ Exod 22:22* construct ‎עַנּוֺת‎ Isa 58:5 +, etc.; Participle plural suffix ‎מְעַנַּיִךְ‎ Isa 60:14; Zeph 3:19 —

1 humble, mishandle, afflict: individual Gen 16:6; Gen 31:50 (J) Exod 22:21*; Exod 22:22* (twice in verse) (E) Job 30:11 by imprisonment and bonds Judg 16:5; Judg 16:6; Judg 16:19; Ps 105:18 a nation by war or in bondage Gen 15:13 (J) Exod 1:11; Exod 1:12; Num 24:24 (twice in verse) (E) Deut 26:6; 1Sam 12:8 (inserting ‎וַיְעַנּוּם מִצְרַיִם‎, so ᵐ5 Dr Bu Kit HPS [compare Th We]), 2Sam 7:10; 2Kgs 17:20; Ps 94:5; Isa 60:14; Zeph 3:19 dynasty of David Ps 89:23*.

2. humble, a woman by cohabitation, Gen 34:2 (J) Deut 21:14; Deut 22:24; Deut 22:29; Judg 19:24; Judg 20:5; 2Sam 13:12; 2Sam 13:14; 2Sam 13:22; 2Sam 13:32; Ezek 22:10; Ezek 22:11; Lam 5:11.

3. afflict as a discipline (God agent) Deut 8:2; Deut 8:3; Deut 8:16; 1Kgs 11:39; Ps 88:8*; Ps 90:15; Ps 119:75; Isa 64:11*; Nah 1:12 (twice in verse); Lam 3:33.

4. humble, weaken, object ‎כֹּחַ‎ Ps 102:24* ‎משׁפט‎ Job 37:23 (compare Talmud ‎עִנָּה דִּין‎); ‎נֶפֶשׁ‎ oneself, by fasting Lev 16:29; Lev 16:31; Lev 23:27; Lev 23:32; Num 29:7 (P) Ps 35:13; Isa 58:3; Isa 58:5 by an oath Num 30:14* (P). Pu`al Perfect 1 singular ‎עֻנֵּיתִי‎ Ps 119:71 Imperfect 3 feminine singular ‎תְּעֻנֶּה‎ Lev 23:29 Infinitive construct suffix ‎עֻנּוֺתוֺ‎ Ps 132:1 Participle ‎מְעֻנֶּה‎ Isa 53:4 —

1. be afflicted, in discipline by God Ps 119:71; Ps 132:1; Isa 53:4.

2. be humbled by fasting Lev 23:29 (P). Hiph`il Imperfect 2 masculine singular suffix ‎תַּעֲנֵם‎ 1Kgs 8:35 = 2Chr 6:26 afflict, in discipline. Hithpa`el Perfect 3 masculine singular ‎הִתְעַנָּה‎ 1Kgs 2:26 2 masculine singular ‎תִתְעַנִּיתָ‎ v1Kgs 2:26 Imperfect 3 masculine plural ‎יִתְעַנּוּ‎ Ps 107:17 Imperative ‎הִתְעַנִּי‎ Gen 16:9 Infinitive construct ‎הִתְעַנּוֺת‎ Ezek 8:21; Dan 10:12 —

1. humble oneself (with ‎תַּחַת יָדֶיהָ‎) Gen 16:9 (J).

2. be afflicted, by men 1Kgs 2:26 (twice in verse); by God in discipline Ps 107:17.

3. humble oneself in fasting Ezra 8:21; Dan 10:12.

Brown-Driver-Briggs References